Frontiers in Sports and Active Living最新文献

{"title":"Physical activity and improvement of physiological parameters by training.","authors":"Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis, Ricardo Mario Arida, Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega, João Dario Martins de Mattos, Hércules Rezende Freitas, Maria Clara Salgado Ramos, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato, Leonardo Matta, Gustavo Costa Ferreira, Cláudio Canetti","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1944574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1944574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Living a better life greatly depends on maintaining healthy physiological parameters, including cardiovascular fitness, a well-balanced neuro-immuno-endocrine axis, and cognitive function-all of which contribute to focus, sharp memory, and self-esteem while mitigating age-related cognitive decline. Physical activity (high, moderate and resistance training, RT) is one of the most important lifestyle choices for reducing disease risk and improving overall health, particularly aerobic training, which increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), a marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. Here, we focus on how exercise influences physiology that may contribute to improvements in health-related quality of life (QoL). Specifically, we discuss based on evidence from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and experimental animal models the neurobiological, endocrine, immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular adaptations induced by exercise, including changes in neurochemical signaling, trophic mediators, hormones, cytokines, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Specific nutrients as supplements (creatine, omega-3 fatty acids and some amino acids) and dietary patterns (mediterranean, ketogenic, intermittent fasting) are also discussed. It is never too late to start moving-regular physical activity has been shown to counteract several deleterious effects of a sedentary lifestyle by reducing systemic inflammation, attenuating age-related brain changes, and lowering the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1944574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of racket sport-related injuries: global research landscape, hotspots, and trends.","authors":"Zongyu Liu, George Liu, Chunying Li","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1897740","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1897740","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of racket sport-related injury research, focusing on research progress, collaboration networks, hotspots, and thematic evolution. Drawing on the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed, the analysis covers 1,837 publications from 76 countries spanning from 2000 to 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study employed bibliometric methods combined with statistical analysis. Using CiteSpace 6.4.R1, VOSviewer 1.6.20, SCImago Graphica 1.0.53, and SPSS 26.0, quantitative and visual analyses were conducted on publication trends, geographical distribution, institutional distribution, country/region cooperation networks, core authors, journal distribution, keyword co-occurrences, research hotspots, the evolution of research topics, and highly cited papers. These analyses were supplemented by a correlation analysis, a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, and a cluster analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The global publication volume of racket sport-related injury research exhibited a two-stage growth trend (fluctuating growth and rapid growth), with a significant acceleration after 2020. Geographically, the research was primarily concentrated in Europe, North America, and East Asia, with the United States (527 articles), China (199 articles), and the United Kingdom (152 articles) ranking as the top three in terms of publication quantity. The statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between national 2025 GDP per capita and publication volume (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.538, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, 95% CI [0.351, 0.684]). Core research institutions were dominated by sports universities, sports medicine hospitals, and orthopedic research centers, with the Mayo Clinic (USA), University of Liege (Belgium), and Harvard University (USA) as the leading institutions. The international cooperation network was relatively sparse, with merely 15.1% of publications involving cross-national collaboration. The cluster analysis classified research hotspots into 13 core clusters, which were further aggregated into the following six interconnected research domains: epidemiological characteristics and injury prevention, sport-specific injury manifestations, chronic overuse injuries, acute traumatic injuries, imaging-based injury diagnosis, and rehabilitation of sports injuries. The dynamic evolution of research trends was classified into the following three phases: epidemiological investigation and traditional treatment, biomechanical mechanisms and standardized intervention, and intelligent technology and precision prevention. The &lt;i&gt;Brit J Sport Med&lt;/i&gt; was a core journal source in the field. There were extremely significant differences in article count across three research themes (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 354.55, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, Cramér's V = 0.54), with rehabilitation research differing significantly from both sport injury and injury prevention research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1897740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control among physical education undergraduates in Rwanda: a correlational study of differences by gender, instructional support, and year of study.","authors":"Adalbert Dushimimana, Etienne Tugirumukiza, Etienne Twizeyimana, Aristide Rugamba, Pan YingXu","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1865976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1865976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Problem-solving confidence (PSC), approach-avoidance style (AAS), and personal control (PC) are recognized as key correlates of physical activity promotion and achievement in physical education. However, the extent to which these constructs differ by gender, perceived instructional support, and year of study among undergraduate students in resource-constrained African higher education settings remains insufficiently investigated. This mixed-methods study addresses this gap by examining these correlates in a sample of Rwandan physical education undergraduates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected through an online survey and subsequent semi-structured interviews. A total of sixty-five male and forty-five female students (<i>N</i> = 110) from a Rwandan university participated in the survey, with ten purposively selected for interviews. Factorial ANOVA and Tukey HSD <i>post hoc</i> tests were used to analyze differences in PSC, AAS, and PC by gender, perceived instructional support, and year of study. Thematic analysis of interview data provided additional qualitative insights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative analyses indicated that PSC varied significantly by year of study (<i>p</i> = .035), as well as by the interactions of gender and year of study (<i>p</i> = .027) and gender, instructional support, and year of study (<i>p</i> = .025), but not by gender or instructional support independently. AAS differed solely by year of study (<i>p</i> = .044), with first-year students exhibiting the highest avoidance orientation. PC did not differ by gender, instructional support, or year of study individually, but was influenced by the interaction between gender and instructional support [F_{(2, 90)} = 3.443, <i>p</i> = .036, <i>η</i> ² = .071]. Qualitative findings revealed that inadequate infrastructure, insufficiently qualified instructors, and gender or cultural stigma impeded equitable participation and confidence development, particularly among female students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The three constructs demonstrate variation across specific combinations of demographic and instructional factors, rather than uniformly. Academic progression, particularly in interaction with gender and instructional support, is a decisive influence, with the first year identified as a critical period. These findings highlight the importance of implementing gender-sensitive, stage-appropriate instructional strategies and ensuring adequately resourced physical education environments. Enhancing personal control is essential for developing problem-solving skills, while addressing structural and cultural barriers to physical activity is necessary to prevent sedentary behavior and support both academic performance and personal well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1865976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the impact of digital upgrade of sports event industry on value chain reconstruction.","authors":"Lide Su, ZhiXiang Wen, Te Bu","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1859039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1859039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital upgrading is reshaping how sport event industries organize value creation, coordination, and commercialization. However, limited attention has been paid to how digital upgrading reconstructs organizational boundaries and value chains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study adopts a sequential mixed-method design combining multiple-case analysis and quantitative testing. Based on 12 sport event cases and 28 semi-structured interviews, the study identifies restructuring paths through qualitative coding and further examines structural effects using social network analysis, event-study estimation, and difference-in-differences models.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study examines how digital upgrading changes organizational boundaries, reallocates value activities, and drives value chain restructuring in the sport event industry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four restructuring paths are identified, including content-led, platform-driven, service-integration, and data-asset extension pathways. Digital upgrading is associated with increased network density from 0.31 to 0.39, significant improvements in value chain restructuring (DID coefficient = 0.082, <i>p</i> < 0.001), sponsorship conversion (0.058, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and data monetization (0.064, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The effects are stronger in events with higher platform capability and richer data assets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital upgrading represents a governance and value-chain restructuring process rather than a simple technological adoption process. By linking digital capabilities, organizational boundary adjustment, ecosystem coordination, and value redistribution, this study advances understanding of digital transformation mechanisms in sport event industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1859039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a teacher-supervised ChatGPT-assisted workflow for individualized exercise planning in university physical education: a two-phase study using a fuzzy Delphi process and a cluster pilot trial.","authors":"Ruiqing Dong, Ying Liang, Jianbo Sun, Fang Chen, Qingzhen Hou, Xiaoqi Wang, Yuanyan Huang, Wenjing Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1896856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1896856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>University physical education can promote physical activity and fitness, but individualized instruction is difficult to implement in routine classes. This study developed a structured input framework for ChatGPT-assisted individualized fitness teaching and evaluated its feasibility, safety, acceptability, and preliminary effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This two-phase study involved non-sports-major university students. Phase I used a two-round fuzzy Delphi process to develop the framework. Phase II was a 6-week cluster pilot trial involving two intact classes allocated by coin toss to either AI-assisted instruction (<i>n</i> = 30) or conventional instruction (<i>n</i> = 30). The AI group received teacher-supervised, AI-generated fitness plans. Primary outcomes included feasibility, safety, implementation, and acceptability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final framework comprised 49 items, with 96.4% achieving a consensus rate ≥75%. Follow-up completion rates were 96.7% and 93.3% in the AI and control groups, respectively. Attendance, completion rate, and perceived exertion were similar between groups. Time in the target heart-rate zone was higher in the AI group (33.95 ± 4.33 vs. 32.60 ± 3.74 min, <i>P</i> = 0.033), as was perceived personalization (4.0 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0, <i>P</i> = 0.001). No serious adverse events occurred, and most physical and functional outcomes did not differ significantly between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ChatGPT-assisted individualized fitness instruction was feasible, safe, and acceptable within a structured teacher-supervised workflow, with its primary short-term benefit being improved perceived personalization.<b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2500107730.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1896856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of non-specific exercise therapies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Yaxin Guan, Zening Zhang, Shu Xie","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1901060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1901060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-specific exercise therapies are widely used in the conservative management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) because of their accessibility and broad applicability. However, the comparative effectiveness of different non-specific exercise modalities remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence and compare the effects of different non-specific exercise therapies on AIS using network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched from inception to September 2025. Eligible studies included participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-19 years. Non-specific exercise therapy was defined as an exercise-based intervention that was not individualized according to curve type or formal three-dimensional scoliosis classification and did not involve scoliosis-specific correction principles. The primary outcome was Cobb angle. Pairwise meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4, and network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18.0. Treatment rankings were estimated using SUCRA values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall pairwise random-effects meta-analysis suggested that non-specific exercise therapies were associated with a greater reduction in Cobb angle than control conditions (MD = -5.28, 95% CI -9.25 to -1.30). However, substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² = 98%), and the 95% prediction interval was wide and crossed the null value (95% PI: -20.18 to 9.62). Therefore, this pooled estimate was interpreted as an exploratory summary of the overall direction of direct evidence rather than as a definitive treatment effect. In the primary network meta-analysis, spinal flexibility training and core muscle group training showed higher ranking probabilities according to SUCRA values. Nevertheless, these rankings should be interpreted cautiously because the evidence network was sparse, several comparisons were informed by a limited number of studies, and concerns remained regarding heterogeneity, risk of bias, transitivity, and confidence in network evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-specific exercise therapies may be associated with reductions in Cobb angle in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Spinal flexibility training and core muscle group training appeared to rank higher in the primary network analysis, but the certainty of these findings is limited by substantial heterogeneity, small sample sizes, sparse network structure, methodological limitations, concerns regarding transitivity, and the inclusion of non-randomized studies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251242017, PROSPERO: CRD420251242017.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1901060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of affective responses between an online and in-person high-intensity functional training session in sports students.","authors":"Anine Brudeseth, Tom Erik Jorung Solstad, Amund Riiser, Atle Hole Sæterbakken, Espen Hermans, Jon Ingulf Medbø, Ove Sollie, Vidar Andersen","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1916043","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1916043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare affective responses between a synchronous online and an in-person high-intensity functional training (HIFT) group exercise session on perceived effort, discomfort, displeasure/pleasure, enjoyment and preference in sports students. Using a randomized crossover design, 24 participants (14 men, 10 women, mean age 22) were randomized into two groups. Both groups completed in randomized order two standardized HIFT sessions, one in-person and one synchronous online. Rating of perceived effort, rate of perceived discomfort, session displeasure/pleasure and exercise enjoyment were measured immediately after ending each session. In addition, 48 h after the last session the participants answers which session they preferred and gave reasons for their preference. The reported pleasure (2.0 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 1.7, ES = 0.47, scale -5 to +5) and exercise enjoyment (4.2 ± 1.2 vs. 5.1 ± 1.0, ES = 0.56, scale 1-7) were lower conducting the online HIFT session than the in-person HIFT session. The online HIFT session were perceived less effortful than the in-person HIFT session (5.6 ± 1.7 vs. 6.7 ± 1.7, respectively, ES = 0.48, scale 0-10), but no difference in perceived discomfort (4.4 ± 2.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.9, ES = 0.12, scale 0-10). There was no detectable cross-over effect of the order of the two training sessions (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.29). The large majority of participants (<i>n</i> = 22, 92%) preferred in-person group exercise, while only two participants (8%) preferred the online session. In sports students with prior group-training experience, in-person HIFT session demonstrated great perceived effort, pleasure and enjoyment when using self-reported perceptual measures, and was the preferred exercise modality compared with the online session.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1916043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoe-ground loading responses across three 3D-printed arch-support heights in normal- and high-arched marathon runners: an arch-type-stratified secondary analysis.","authors":"Xinran Dong, Tianzhe Liang, Yong Ma, Chengliang Wu","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1942713","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1942713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A prior parameter-optimization study identified 9-15-mm support heights at 22%-26% infill as a candidate range for 3D-printed arch-support inserts, but whether responses within this range differ between runners with normal and high arches remains unclear. This arch-type-stratified secondary analysis compared shoe-ground interface loading under Single and 9-, 12-, and 15-mm support conditions at 24% infill and explored the temporal localization of condition-related differences during stance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary balanced analysis included thirty male marathon runners (15 normal arch, 15 high arch), and a sensitivity analysis included all 55 eligible runners (40 normal arch, 15 high arch). A floor-mounted Footscan® system recorded shoe-ground pressure and regional force data. Primary outcomes were maximum regional peak pressure (MaxPP), maximum metatarsal-region peak pressure (MetaPP), midfoot force impulse fraction (MIF), heel force impulse fraction (HIF), and mediolateral impulse index (MLI). Prespecified comparisons used paired or Welch <i>t</i>-tests with Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction, complemented by Arch Type × Condition linear mixed-effects models and exploratory pointwise time-series analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under Single, none of the five primary outcomes differed between arch groups after FDR correction. In the primary balanced analysis, relative to Single, FDR-supported differences were concentrated in impulse-distribution measures: MIF increased by 17.9%-19.5% in normal-arch runners under 12-24 and 15-24 and by 18.0%-23.0% in high-arch runners across all three supports, whereas MLI decreased by 14.0%-24.0% and 12.0%-19.7%, respectively. In this analysis, no MaxPP or MetaPP comparison met the FDR threshold. In normal arches, MIF was 7.4% higher under 12-24 than 9-24 (<i>q</i> = 0.041) and 9.0% higher under 15-24 than 9-24 (<i>q</i> = 0.003); no direct support-condition comparison was FDR-significant in high arches. Neither the 15 between-arch change comparisons nor the five Arch Type × Condition interactions reached FDR significance in the balanced analysis, and the same 0/15 and 0/5 pattern was retained in the full-cohort sensitivity analysis. Exploratory temporal differences were localized mainly to early-to-middle stance for midfoot force share and middle-to-late stance for dynamic MLI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the primary balanced analysis, condition-related differences were expressed more consistently in MIF and MLI than in peak-pressure measures. Across the balanced and full-cohort analyses, there was insufficient evidence that static arch type systematically modified the height-specific or overall condition-related response pattern. The analyses did not establish overall superiority of either the 12- or 15-mm configuration. Future studies should integrate dynamic arch characteristics, comfort, and longer-term adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1942713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13648250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of reaction time in an Arctic population.","authors":"Jacob Bjerg, Mads Blak Rønberg, Martin G Jørgensen, Stig Andersen","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1845818","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1845818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Greenland is an Arctic environment with snow and ice on uneven terrain posing lifelong physical challenges to people in Greenland. In addition, Greenlanders are a distinct ethnic group. This led us to (1) quantify reaction time among Greenlanders (2) hypothesising a faster reaction time compared to previous findings among e.g., Scandinavians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected using a portable device, the Nintendo Wii Balance Board, with the FysioMeter software validated for estimating reaction time. Participants were healthy Greenlanders living in West Greenland, who filled in a questionnaire on physical activity, disease, prescription medicine, alcohol, and smoking habits. Reaction time was measured for dominant and non-dominant upper and lower extremities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 72 women and 42 men participating had a mean age of 50 years, range 20 to 83 years. The age-related increase in reaction time was around 6 milliseconds for each year of advancing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Reaction time did not differ between dominant and non-dominant upper (<i>p</i> = 0.7) or lower (<i>p</i> = 0.5) extremities. While the crude comparison showed that age, medication, physical activity and body proportions influenced reaction time, only age (<i>p</i> < 0.001-0.055) and height (<i>p</i> = 0.002-0.044) remained important in the adjusted analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This first study of reaction time in Greenlanders found patterns similar to those observed in e.g., Scandinavians. Interestingly, Greenlanders did not demonstrate faster reaction times despite lifelong exposure to physically demanding and unstable terrain. This finding may be relevant for future research on motor adaptation and environmental influences on balance control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1845818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13648249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport sponsorship and sponsorship-linked investment under Saudi Vision 2030: a PRISMA-ScR review of direct and contextual evidence on brand equity, legitimacy, and value co-creation.","authors":"Abdelrehim Awad, Ahmed Moustafa Aldabousi, Hebatalla E Elbialy, Alaa A Elnazer","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1920675","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1920675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 links sport sponsorship with commercial branding, sport-sector investment, tourism, public policy, and contested legitimacy narratives. This systematic scoping review maps direct evidence on sponsorship outcomes and distinguishes it from broader contextual scholarship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA-ScR and JBI guidance, an updated OpenAlex search was conducted on 22 August 2026 using 11 title-and-abstract query blocks, supplemented by backward/forward citation checking and targeted searches of official sources. Of 303 records identified (289 database hits and 14 supplementary records), 89 duplicates/duplicate versions were removed, leaving 214 records for screening. Thirty-seven full texts were assessed and 27 reports were included: six direct sponsorship studies and 21 contextual studies or reports. General theory sources were used only for interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Direct evidence, concentrated in football and dominated by cross-sectional, purposive, or qualitative designs, links sponsorship awareness and identification with sponsor image, attitude, purchase intention, and, more recently, stakeholder resistance to sponsor legitimacy. Contextual evidence maps modernization, soft-power, sportswashing, tourism, participation, and governance mechanisms but does not identify sponsorship effects. Study-level appraisal indicates moderate-to-high concern across most direct studies because of non-probability sampling, self-report measurement, narrow settings, or interpretive dependence.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The synthesis supports an evidence-calibrated framework in which audience processing explains near-term brand outcomes, while governance credibility and stakeholder participation are proposed boundary conditions for legitimacy and public value. These latter pathways, and the proposed measurement dashboard, remain author-derived propositions requiring direct empirical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1920675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}