Frontiers in Sports and Active Living最新文献

{"title":"Inter-individual differences in muscle damage following a single bout of high-intense whole-body electromyostimulation.","authors":"Marc Teschler, Melina Waranski, Boris Schmitz, Frank C Mooren","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1454630","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1454630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This brief report aimed to characterize inter-individual training responses following a single session of high-intense whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) using markers of muscle damage over a period of 72 h.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy individuals (5 men, 7 women; 32.0 ± 7 years) participated in a single 20-minute high-intensity WB-EMS training session. Markers of muscle damage, creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb), were assessed before and immediately after training, as well as at 1.5, 3, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. Lactate levels were determined pre- and post-exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, WB-EMS induced significant CK elevations, peaking at 72 h (18.358 ± 21.380 U/L; <i>p</i> < 0.01), and correlating Mb levels peaking at 48 h (1.509 ± 1.394 ng/dl, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Despite significant inter-individual variability in CK levels, both slow (SR) and fast responders (FR) were identified. FR showed significant increases in CK at all time points post WB-EMS (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas CK in SR significantly elevated after 48 h. Post-WB-EMS lactate concentration was identified to predict peak CK and Mb levels (r ≥ 0.65, both <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-intensity WB-EMS has the potential to induce severe muscle damage, as indicated by elevated levels of CK and Mb. We identified two distinct groups of individuals, SR and FR, indicating variability in response to WB-EMS. Furthermore, we suggest that individual responses to WB-EMS can be predicted based on post-WB-EMS lactate concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitual water intake impacted the body composition of young male athletes in free-living conditions: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jianfen Zhang, Na Zhang, Yibin Li, Hairong He, Ge Song, Junying Chen, Yi Yan, Guansheng Ma","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1458242","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1458242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to explore the associations between water intake and body composition and differences of body composition in different water itake and hydration statuses among young male athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids (TDF) and water from food were assessed using a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake record questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality of 24-hour urine and blood samples was tested. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer twice at 5-min intervals. Participants were divided into two groups based on the recommendations of total water intake (TWI) and TDF in China, as well as into three groups based on 24-h urine osmolality. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between water intake and body composition. Chi-square tests and Student's <i>t</i>-tests were used to compare differences. A total of 109 participants completed the study. TDF (<i>r</i> = 0.230, <i>p</i> = 0.016; <i>r</i> = 0.234, <i>p</i> = 0.014; <i>r</i> = 0.242, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and TWI (<i>r</i> = 0.275, <i>p</i> = 0.004; <i>r</i> = 0.243, <i>p</i> = 0.011; <i>r</i> = 0.243, <i>p</i> = 0.011) were positively correlated with total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW). TBW/body weight (BW) was positively associated with TDF percentage of BW (TDF/BW) (<i>r</i> = 0.267, <i>p</i> = 0.005), water from food percentage of BW (<i>r</i> = 0.217, <i>p</i> = 0.024), and TWI percentage of BW (TWI/BW) (<i>r</i> = 0.316, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Participants who met the TDF recommendation of China had 1.3 kg higher skeletal muscle mass (SMM), 0.9 kg higher ICW, and 0.5% higher TBW/BW than those who did not (all <i>p</i> < 0.05), with fat-free mass (FFM) and TBW being higher (<i>p</i> = 0.051; <i>p</i> = 0.050). Those who met the TWI recommendation of China had 1.3 kg higher SMM, 2.4 kg higher FFM, 1.1 kg higher ICW, 0.6 kg higher ECW, and 1.7 kg higher TBW than their counterparts (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Moderate associations were found between water intake and body composition. No significant differences were observed among participants in three hydration statuses (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Participants who met the TWI or TDF recommendations had better body composition distribution than their counterparts. Thus, habitual water intake, not hydration status, affects body composition among athletes in free-living conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between maximal lactate accumulation rate and sprint performance parameters in male competitive swimmers.","authors":"Yasuo Sengoku, Anna Shinno, Jaewoo Kim, Kenta Homoto, Yusaku Nakazono, Takaaki Tsunokawa, Norimasa Hirai, Ayaka Nobue, Masaki Ishikawa","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1483659","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1483659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the relationship between the maximal lactate accumulation rate (ċLa_max) and sprint performance parameters in male competitive swimmers. Seventeen male competitive swimmers volunteered to perform a 20 m maximal front crawl sprint without pushing off the wall from a floating position. ċLa_max was determined by the 20-m sprint time and blood lactate measured before and after the 20 m sprint. For the sprint performance parameter, a 50 m time trial with the front crawl swimming stroke was conducted, and the times taken from 0 to 15 m, 15-25 m, 25-35 m, and 35-45 m were analyzed. A semi-tethered swimming test was conducted to investigate the load-velocity profile of each swimmer. From the load-velocity profile, theoretical maximal velocity (V₀), maximal load (L₀) and relative maximal load (rL₀) were examined. The slope of the load-velocity profile was also determined. According to the results, ċLa_max correlated with 50 m front crawl performance (<i>r</i> = -.546, <i>p</i> < .05). Moreover, a higher ċLa_max was related to faster 0-35 m section time. Furthermore, ċLa_max correlated with L₀ (<i>r</i> = .837, <i>p</i> < .01), rL₀ (<i>r</i> = .820, <i>p</i> < .01), and load-velocity slope (<i>r</i> = .804, <i>p</i> < .01). ċLa_max is a good indicator of 50 m front crawl performance in male swimmers, and higher glycolytic power contributes to the faster time at the beginning of the sprint race. ċLa_max could also evaluate the ability of a swimmer to apply force to the water during high-intensity swimming.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital fist bumps: searching for datafication and digitalisation in everyday CrossFit coaching practice.","authors":"Sandra Krugly, Jason Tucker","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1411176","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1411176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research presented here explores the nuances of data collection and sharing via digital platforms in everyday CrossFit coaching practice. There is a growing body of work on data and digital platforms in CrossFit, though currently there is a lack of understanding of the role of coaches in these processes. Empirically grounding the digital fitness practices of CrossFit coaching is essential for our understanding of the sport, as well as to critically engage with the dominant socio-technical narratives of the digital fitness revolution: narratives that obscure the agency of coaches. This research foregrounds the coaches' agency and lived experiences, focusing on their everyday coaching practices around data and digital platforms. Six semi-structured in-depth interviews with CrossFit coaches in Sweden were undertaken in 2023. These focused on if, when, how and why they collect, or encourage their participants to collect, data on their training and share this via digital platforms. The findings reveal several different, though interrelated, areas where the CrossFit coaches can be seen as mediating between often competing narratives around data and digital platforms. These everyday practices include mediating between group vs. individual training, data collection and sharing vs. \"moving well\", CrossFit's methodology of quantification of fitness vs. the needs of the participants and navigating the techno-solutionist vs. reductionist narratives around digital fitness tracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does cardiorespiratory fitness moderate the relationship between overweight, cardiovascular risk markers and mental health among forcibly displaced individuals living in a Greek refugee camp?","authors":"Markus Gerber, Konstantinia Filippou, Florian Knappe, Ioannis D Morres, Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis, Elsa Havas, Harald Seelig, Flora Colledge, Sebastian Ludyga, Marianne Meier, Yannis Theodorakis, Roland von Känel, Uwe Pühse, Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1334230","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1334230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Refugees may have an increased risk of developing overweight/obesity as they often experience a nutritional transition. Because maintaining good cardiorespiratory fitness can help reduce the negative impact of excess weight on overall health, the objective of this study was to examine whether fitness moderates the relationship between weight status and cardiovascular and mental health outcomes in forcibly displaced individuals living in a Greek refugee camp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 142 forcibly displaced individuals were recruited. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with the submaximal Åstrand-Rhyming bicycle ergometer test. Blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, and hs-CRP were assessed as physical health outcomes, whereas post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms, pain, and quality of life were assessed as mental health outcomes. Main and interaction effects were tested via analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost 50% of the participants were overweight/obese, more than 60% presented with very poor fitness levels, and the percentage of participants with very poor fitness levels was particularly high among overweight/obese participants. Whereas overweight/obesity was associated with a less favorable body composition and cardiovascular risk profile, poor fitness was associated with a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of muscle mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the relationship between overweight/obesity and most of the assessed health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Only limited support was found for the applicability of the fit-but-fat concept to our population of forcibly displaced individuals. Public health services should prioritize measures to prevent overweight/obesity and associated diseases in refugee camps. Moreover, efforts are needed to improve the fitness of camp residents via exercise/sport interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-thinking discourses of \"youth\" within (adult) regulation of skateboarding.","authors":"Robert Petrone","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1473992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1473992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Situated within the context of increasing \"adult regulatory practices\" in skateboarding, this article draws attention to and interrogates the ways normative ideas of \"youth,\" \"adolescence,\" and \"youth/adolescent development\" often interplay with such efforts. In doing so, this article offers a critique, from a Critical Youth Studies perspective, of dominant, developmentalist notions of youth that typically cast young people as deficits in need of specific forms of intervention and surveillance. The article concludes with areas of inquiry emergent from critiques of dominant renderings of youth to be considered when engaging in processes of forming regulatory programs, policies, and practices related to skateboarding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coach perspectives on coach-athlete relationships and characteristics of Generation Z academy level rugby union players from South Africa.","authors":"Marc Landman, Heinrich Grobbelaar, Wilbur Kraak","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1461951","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1461951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coach-athlete relationship is not merely a by-product of the coaching process but serves as its foundation. Coaches today must align their approaches with the characteristics (character, strengths, and growth areas) of a new generation of athletes, commonly referred to as Generation Z (Gen Z). Born between 1995 and 2012, Gen Z's grew up in a digital age, which shaped their character and behaviour. The purpose of the study was to explore coach-athlete relationships, the characteristics of Gen Z athletes that influence this relationship, and the process of building healthy coach-athlete relationships, from the perspectives of coaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a qualitative methodology to elicit the perspectives of 11 male rugby union coaches (M ± SD age: 42.09 ± 7.56 years; with 12.83 ± 3.48 years of coaching experience), through semi-structured individual online interviews. We developed the interview script from Jowett's Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). The interviews were analysed using Merriam and Tisdell's six-step process.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The analysis yielded six super themes (and 17 themes). 1. Coach perspectives on coaching Gen Z players (developmental facilitators and debilitators, Covid-19's effect on development). 2. Closeness between coaches and athletes [loving and caring, getting closer, trusting, (not) respecting some players]. 3. Commitment (personally and towards the team, sacrifices). 4. Complementarity (goal setting, collectively working towards common goals). 5. Co-orientation (communicating, reciprocal relationship views). 6. Developing the coach-athlete relationship (approaches thereto, practical steps).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Various facets of the coach-athlete relationship are interlinked and shaped by the characteristics and behaviours of this generation of athletes. Practical recommendations are offered on how to cultivate the coach-athlete relationship on emotional, cognitive, and behavioural levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response: Commentary: Revised contraindications for the use of non-medical WB-electromyostimulation. Evidence-based German consensus recommendations\".","authors":"W Kemmler, M Fröhlich, O Ludwig, C Eifler, J Berger, F Micke, H Kleinöder, B Wegener, C Zinner, F C Mooren, M Teschler, A Filipovic, S Müller, K England, J Vatter, S Authenrieth, M Kohl, S von Stengel","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1473103","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1473103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility as predictor of saddle pressures in young off-road cyclists.","authors":"Domenico Savio Salvatore Vicari, Antonino Patti, Valerio Giustino, Giacomo Belmonte, Giuseppe Alamia, Marco Gervasi, Eneko Fernández Peña, Antonio Palma, Federico Schena, Antonino Bianco, Ewan Thomas","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1472550","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1472550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While pedaling, cyclists rest their pelvis on the saddle, generating pressures on it. The pressures generated on the saddle are influenced by several factors. This study aimed to evaluate whether the flexibility of hamstring and lower back muscles could be considered a predictor of pressures in the anterior region (PAR) on the saddle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, 15 young off-road Italian cyclists (11m, 4f) aged 13-16 (Italian Federation categories: ES1, ES2, AL1, AL2) were recruited. Each participant was administered the V sit-and-reach (VSR) to measure the hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility. Subsequently, after performing a bike fitting, the saddle pressures during pedaling at three different intensities (100, 140, 180 W), with participants on their own bike installed on specific bike roller, were recorded. The parameters considered for statistical analysis were front pressure (%) and back pressure (%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility, as result of the VSR test, was a predictor of saddle PAR at 100 W (R² = 0.362, <i>p</i> = 0.018), at 140 W (R² = 0.291, <i>p</i> = 0.038), and at 180 W (R² = 0.349, <i>p</i> = 0.020) of pedaling intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher values of the VSR could predict lower values of the pressures exerted in the front region of the saddle. The hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility may be considered a predictor of PAR on the saddle.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring mental functions utilised by male youth team-based ball-sport athletes within academy programs: a systematic review and meta-aggregation.","authors":"Joshua P Whitty, Bon Gray, Nikki Milne","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1453817","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1453817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of youth sport academies has led to a focus on long-term athletic development, and exploration into holistic approaches that incorporate psychological attributes to form biopsychosocial frameworks. The primary aim of this systematic review was to profile the psychological attributes of male youth team-based ball-sport athletes in academy-based programs and explore interactions between psychological attributes and athlete participation through the biopsychosocial model, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six databases; PubMed, SPORTdiscus, Proquest, PsychINFO, Embase and Scopus were searched for relevant publications from root to 14th March 2024. The search returned 3306 records, and after applying the eligibility criteria 51 studies were included at full text and were critically appraised utilising the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis revealed 178 mental functions measured across 12 ICF categories, via 66 psychometric tools. Meta-aggregation revealed mean scores for 34 mental functions across eight ICF categories and 12 sub-categories. Male youth team-based ball-sport academy athletes display high levels of orientation to self and high energy levels; moderate to high levels of motivation and self-regulation; moderate levels of psychosocial functions, conscientiousness, regulation of emotion, and organising and planning. Low levels of clinical indicators and burnout were observed. The ICF framework can be utilised as a biopsychosocial framework for sport practitioners looking to profile the multidimensional and complex attributes of team-based ball-sport youth athletes in academy programs. <b>Systematic Review Registration:</b> https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9CE24.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}