Frontiers in Sports and Active Living最新文献

{"title":"Effect of different load of shoulder external rotation exercises on changes in muscle activity and exerted torque.","authors":"Yurika Saeki, Atsushi Kubota, Kohei Kishimoto, Mika Inoue, Takumi Inoue, Yuji Takazawa","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1527296","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1527296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of shoulder external rotation exercises on the EMG amplitude of the infraspinatus, and teres minor, and torque in healthy individuals remain uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of varying loads during shoulder external rotation exercises on exerted torque and muscle activity of the infraspinatus, teres minor, and deltoid. Twenty-four upper limbs from 12 healthy adult males (22.5 ± 1.9 years) were included. Participants performed shoulder external rotation exercises with low-, medium-, and high-load conditions using elastic bands of three different tensions. The number of exercises was set so that the total workload during the exercise was equal for each loading condition. The torque of the shoulder external rotation and electromyography (EMG) amplitude of the infraspinatus, teres minor, and the posterior deltoid were measured during the concentric shoulder external rotation task, before and after the exercise. In addition, the muscle activity ratio of the three muscles was calculated. Analysis divided into 30° intervals, under the low-load condition, shoulder external rotation torque and EMG amplitude of the infraspinatus and teres minor did not change; However, the EMG amplitude of the posterior deltoid increased significantly. The muscle activity ratio in the posterior deltoid showed exercise range × time interaction, with a significant increase from pre-exercise (Pre) (13.59 ± 5.70%) to 20 min after the exercise (15.40 ± 6.03%) in the 61°-90° external rotation range. In the medium- and high-load conditions, the EMG amplitude significantly increased for all muscles. However, under the medium-load condition, significant differences were observed between 0-30° (Pre: 25.4 Nm, 20 min: 26.0 Nm), 31-60° (Pre: 24.3 Nm, 20 min: 25.4 Nm), and 61-90° (Pre: 23.7 Nm, 20 min: 24.6 Nm). There was also an increase in the muscle activity ratio in the posterior deltoid, with a main effect on time in the medium load condition (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The changes in torque, EMG amplitude, and muscle activity ratio after the shoulder external rotation exercises were not uniform across different exercise loads. Therefore, it is necessary to use different tensions depending on the purpose of the exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1527296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of playing position in soccer injury characteristics: evidence from sub-elite athletes.","authors":"Makete Thomas Thema, Suzanne Jacobs, Linda van den Berg, Anita Strauss, Mzwandile Prescott Mahlangu","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1542300","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1542300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the association between playing position and injury characteristics among sub-elite male soccer players in South Africa. Using a cross-sectional survey, 223 players from four universities were assessed for injury prevalence, type, mechanism, and severity during the 2023 soccer season. Midfielders experienced the highest injury frequency (43.6%), followed by defenders (30.0%), forwards (17.9%), and goalkeepers (8.6%). Lower limb injuries were predominant across all positions (89.6%), with defenders (94.6%) and midfielders (95.1%) at greatest risk, while goalkeepers sustained a significant proportion of upper limb injuries (44.4%) due to their specialized role. Soft tissue injuries were most common among midfielders (78.0%) and defenders (67.6%), whereas goalkeepers reported higher rates of bone-related injuries (66.7%). Defensive actions, such as tackling, accounted for most injuries among defenders (56.8%), while aerial play contributed substantially to goalkeeper injuries. No statistically significant differences in injury severity were found across positions. These findings highlight the influence of playing position on injury characteristics and underscore the need for position-specific injury prevention strategies tailored to sub-elite soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1542300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spaces for skateboarding in the city-new spatial concepts beyond skateparks.","authors":"Veith Kilberth","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2024.1457427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1457427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the 1990s, skateboarding has emerged as a significant urban practice, often resulting in spatial conflicts. The predominant response from municipal authorities has been to confine skateboarding to purpose-built skateparks, overlooking more integrated and inclusive spatial solutions. This study critically examines this approach and explores alternative skateboarding spaces within the framework of urban sociological discourse on the creative city phenomenon and the evolving collaboration between skateboarding communities and city authorities. Employing a praxeological approach, the analysis integrates cultural theory, discourse analysis, and fieldwork. Building on existing literature, the study is complemented by case study analyses of skateboarding spaces worldwide. To provide a structured understanding, a spatial typology is developed, encompassing purpose-built skateparks, self-constructed <i>DIY</i> projects, <i>shared spots</i>, and <i>legalized street spots</i>. These spaces are conceptualized along the axes of exclusion vs. inclusion and subcultural vs. sportification. Key opportunities and essential conditions for the implementation of innovative spatial concepts in urban environments are identified, with particular emphasis on the pivotal role of collaboration between skateboarding communities and municipal authorities. By presenting a theoretical framework for diversifying skateboarding spaces, the findings contribute to the urban planning discourse and promote participatory urban development and design.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"6 ","pages":"1457427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water retention influences thigh skin temperature variation post-exercise: preliminary study of bioimpedance analysis and thermography data.","authors":"Alessandra Amato, Luca Petrigna, Martina Sortino, Paulo Roberto S Amorim, Giuseppe Musumeci","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1516570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1516570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the influence of body composition variables, focusing on the extracellular water level and gender difference, on infrared thermography detection during and post exercise.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred two participants were included in the study. Body composition was analyzed by bioimpedance, and three thermal imaging were taken before, at the end, and 5 min after a vigorous exercise. First, participants were divided by gender, and differences in skin temperature variation during exercise were highlighted. In the second analysis, the subjects were divided into three groups depending on the percentage of extracellular water. The correlation between body composition variables and skin temperature at the 3-time points was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>an association between extracellular water (%) and basal thigh temperature both in the dominant leg (r: -0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and non-dominant leg (r: -0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.01) was found; temperature variation analysis shows a significative temperature reduction between baseline and the end of exercise in both leg for (non-dominant: <i>p</i> < 0.001; dominant: <i>p</i> < 0.001) and a significative skin temperature increase after 5 min recovery, 0.14°C for the dominant leg (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and 0.12°C for the non-dominant leg (<i>p</i> > 0.05) considering the whole group. However, when we considered the separate group for extracellular contente the same significative decrease was found just in the lower water retention group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and medium water retention group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The high water retention group showed an opposite skin temperature trend in 5-min post-exercise recovery and had lower skin temperature at each time point compared with the other groups. The female group had lower skin temperature than the male at each time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Water retention could influence basal skin temperature and the temperature variation following vigorous exercise. A value of less than 45% of extracellular water should be considered for reliable use of thermal imaging. Further studies are needed to confirm this value.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1516570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Impact of dolphin kick implementation during backstroke finishes on swimming performance. From regional to olympic-level swimmers. A comparative case study.","authors":"Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Stefanos Zafeiriadis, Nikos Papadimitriou, George Tsalis","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1531427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1531427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the World Aquatics (WA) an updated swimming regulation (SW) concerning the backstroke finish has been implemented, allowing, the swimmers to fully submerge their bodies at once when some part of their head pass the 5-meter mark immediately before touching the wall. Therefore, the present comparative case study aims to apply the new regulation on backstroke finish, examining the swimming efficiency and underwater kinematics of an elite Olympic-level swimmer, and comparing the data with the published ones from a previous study on regional-level swimmers. A 19-year-old male Olympic-level backstroke swimmer performed three all-out 20 m backstroke swims: (i) touching the wall, breaking the water's surface with one part of their body (Classic), (ii) touching the wall with one hand, submerging the body two strokes after passing the last 5 m (Dive-One Hand) and (iii) touching the wall on streamline position, submerging the body two strokes after passing the last 5 m (Dive-Streamline) Kinematic analysis of the intermediate 10 m and the last 5 m was conducted using a digital video camera. Descriptive statistics and the Crawford-Howell <i>t</i>-test were utilized for the comparisons between elite and regional-level swimmers. Based on the swimmer's analysis, intermediate 10 m were faster than that in regional level swimmers (Elite vs. Regional: 1.68 ± 0.1 vs. 1.29 ± 0.1 m·s^-1, <i>p</i> = 0.00). Also, the elite-level swimmer increased his transition swimming speed (SS) (from 10 to the last 5 m) in all backstroke finishes (0.05 ± 0.03 vs. -0.07 ± 0.03 m·s^-1). Also, in the last 5 m showed an extreme increase in velocity at the sink- to-finish speed (SFS), 2.16 and 2.28 m·s^-1 for Dive-One hand, and Dive-Streamline, respectively. However, the tendency in velocity between backstroke finishes was similar between regional and elite-level swimmers. The elite swimmer can utilize the two variations of backstroke finishes more effectively compared to the regional-level swimmers. The swifter dolphin kick ability appears to play a significant role in achieving a successful backstroke finish, However, further investigations involving elite swimmers, differentiating the sinking approach and improving the speed before sinking (SBS) factor, could potentially provide more insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1531427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-level personal trainer perspective for industry practice and development in Serbia: a qualitative descriptive study.","authors":"Ivan Curovic, David Grecic","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1549979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1549979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personal trainers (PTs) play a pivotal role in promoting positive gym experiences, implementing effective weight loss strategies, and influencing healthier lifestyle choices. In Serbia, however, the absence of national accrediting bodies for standardised qualifications has led to a lack of formal recognition of exercise professionals. The views of personal training clients regarding their training practices and experiences have been explored previously. Building on this, the current study investigated the perspectives of high-level Serbian PTs, examining their professional developmental journeys, educational background, coaching philosophies, professional needs and experiences. The aim was to provide insights for educational institutions and other practitioners to adopt successful approaches that inspire lifelong exercise and promote positive lifestyle changes for increasingly sedentary populations. Using a snowball sampling method, we interviewed 12 high-level PTs, selected for their exceptional practice as recognised by their peers. The findings suggest a need for a shift from traditional, physical performance-focused approaches toward a more holistic model that incorporates psychosocial support and a care for the whole person, fostering an appreciation for the concept of physical literacy. Additionally, the study identifies critical gaps in PTs education and training, particularly concerning the lack of focus on behavior change models and inquiry-based skills essential for their future self-directed learning. These areas were highlighted as vital for continued professional development after formal qualifications are obtained. In conclusion, this research underlines the need for holistic training approaches to improve clients' physical and health outcomes. The study offers guidance to shape industry standards, foster accreditation systems, and start the debate on how best to continually support PTs during their careers. Such action is essential if the evolving personal training profession in Serbia is to be equipped with the tools needed to promote long-term client engagement and achieve the health benefits for the wider Serbian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1549979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive walking performance is related to the hip joint position sense during active hip flexion rather than during passive hip flexion.","authors":"Taishi Matsui, Kosuke Hirata, Naokazu Miyamoto, Ryota Akagi","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1510447","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1510447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hip joint position sense during active or passive hip flexion and adaptive walking performance across obstacles. After screening, 30 young men with the right dominant leg (age, 21 ± 2 years) participated in the experiment. To measure adaptive walking performance on the first day, the participants stepped over an obstacle underfoot with the left leg just high enough to avoid touching the obstacle. The difference between the height of the knee joint at the moment of crossing the obstacle and the height of the obstacle was normalized to the lower limb length and used to evaluate performance. To measure hip joint position sense on the second day, the participants adjusted their left hip joint angle to the target angle (range of joint motion: 80° of hip flexion) by active or passive hip flexion using a dynamometer. Although the absolute error in hip joint position sense during active hip flexion (6.3° ± 4.4°) significantly correlated with that during passive hip flexion (23.2° ± 11.0°) (<i>r</i> = 0.507, <i>P</i> < 0.001), a notable difference was observed between the two (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The normalized knee joint height was significantly correlated with the absolute error of hip joint position sense during active hip flexion (<i>r</i> = 0.477, <i>P</i> < 0.001) but not during passive hip flexion. The results of this study suggest a strong association between hip joint position sense under conditions that closely resemble actual walking behavior and adaptive walking performance, such as crossing over obstacles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1510447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does becoming a parent reduce sports participation? A longitudinal study of short- and long-term effects.","authors":"Hidde Bekhuis, Femke van Abswoude","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1504793","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1504793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parenthood can have a negative effect on sport behaviour despite the known health benefits of participation in sports. Recent studies have shown that becoming a parent is related to a reduction in exercise. However, this relationship is less clear for men than women. In addition, most studies only focused on short-term effects. Therefore, it is unknown whether these effects remain prevalent one year after becoming a parent.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using twelve data waves of the Dutch Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel, we examined the influence of becoming a parent on sport behaviour in the short- (<1 year) and long-term (>1 year). Given the known differences between men and women, we also examined possible gender differences in this change. Multilevel logistic regression of the data of 6,276 observations for 725 respondents showed that the short- and long-term effects of becoming a parent have different implications for the sport behaviour of men and women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While men's participation in sports is not affected by parenthood, women initially stop participating in sports, but they start again after one year. Additionally, women's frequency of engagement in sports is reduced when they become mothers. In contrast, the frequency of sport engagement is not affected when men become fathers. From a resource perspective, the results show how limited time and energy can differentially affect the sport behaviour of men and women after they become parents.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together with the different pathways of sport participation in the short- and long-term, these results can inform the development of interventions aimed at sustainable physical activity for new parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1504793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Ageing and physical activity: a multidimensional approach with new technology.","authors":"D Cerasola, G Giglia, M Bellafiore","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1549638","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1549638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1549638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in elite ski mountaineering aerobic performance.","authors":"Forrest Schorderet, Justin Mottet, Aurélien Lathion, Antoine Raberin, Nicolas Bourdillon, Grégoire P Millet","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1534315","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fspor.2025.1534315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ski mountaineering (SkiMo) sprints will debut as an Olympic sport in 2026, yet research on the discipline remains scarce compared to other winter sports. The demanding sprint format, with most of the race time spent on uphill sections, highlights the importance of body composition and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O_2max). While previous studies have primarily focused on male athletes, this study aimed to analyze sex differences in physiological parameters of elite SkiMo athletes, hypothesizing that differences in vertical velocities (vV) would surpass those in V˙O₂ at ventilatory thresholds (VT₁, VT₂) and maximal intensity (MAX), respectively. Twenty elite/worldclass Swiss SkiMo athletes (6 women, 14 men, aged 20-32 years) participated in the study. They performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill set at a 25% slope, with breath-by-breath gas exchanges. Elite female SkiMo athletes had a V˙O₂ value 13.6% lower at MAX (64.0 ± 3.8 vs. 72.8 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min; <i>p</i> = 0.002) and 15.5% lower at VT₂ (54.8 ± 2.8 vs. 62.2 ± 5.8 ml/kg/min; <i>p</i> = 0.009) than their male counterparts. Interestingly, the sex-differences in vV at both MAX (1,825 ± 113 vs. 2,125 ± 156 m/h; <i>p</i> < 0.001; 16.4%) and VT₂ (1,412 ± 56 vs. 1,696 ± 151 m/h; <i>p</i> < 0.001; 20.1%) intensities were consistently larger than the differences in V˙O₂. Moreover, fat mass was higher in females (15.2 ± 1.0 vs. 6.6 ± 0.6%; <i>p</i> = 0.004). Additionally, vertical running energy cost at VT₂ was significantly higher in females compared to males (2,329 ± 95 vs. 2,199 ± 60 ml/kg/kmv; <i>p</i> = 0.018). Sex differences in uphill velocities (16.4-20.1%) exceeded those in V˙O₂ (13.6-16.5%). Investigation on the underlying mechanisms is required but several factors may contribute to this pronounced sex difference in uphill velocity beyond aerobic power alone. Overall, the present findings align with recent studies reporting a 16%-20% difference in performance times when investigating sex differences in uphill displacement. The performance gap between men and women appears to be larger in uphill sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"7 ","pages":"1534315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}