Frontiers in Sports and Active Living最新文献

{"title":"Perceived exertion as a moderator of psychological changes during nature-based exercise among U.S. service members.","authors":"Nicholas P Otis, Hayley C Myers, Lisa H Glassman, Kim T Kobayashi Elliott, Betty Michalewicz-Kragh, Kristen H Walter","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1754354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surf and hike therapies have been shown to significantly reduce depression symptom severity. However, the factors that moderate depression symptom reduction are not well understood and may support treatment recommendations. To identify potential moderators of symptom improvement, this study analyzed whether perceived exertion affected changes in depression symptom severity during surf or hike therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 86 active duty service members with major depressive disorder from a previous randomized clinical trial. Exertion was measured using the modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and assessed immediately after each of 6 weekly exercise therapy sessions. Study outcomes were depression/anxiety (4-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4) and positive affect (Positive Affect Schedule) scores from pre- to postsession.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multilevel models demonstrated that surf and hike therapies significantly decreased depression/anxiety symptom severity and positive affect from pre- to postsession (<i>p</i>s < 0.001). Exploratory condition-specific analyses revealed that an average level of relative perceived exertion was associated with the greatest changes in depression/anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.028) and positive affect (<i>p</i> = 0.074) during surf therapy. In hike therapy, higher and lower relative perceived exertion levels were related to greater reductions in depression/anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.084), but exertion was not associated with changes in positive affect (<i>p</i> = 0.155).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results suggest that the optimal level of perceived exertion required for maximizing benefit to depression/anxiety and positive affect may depend on the specific activity. Future investigations could consider examining other influences and contexts of exercise (e.g., environmental, social) to elucidate reasons for symptom change and maximize benefit for depression treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1754354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study of maximal heart rate determination in endurance athletes: laboratory testing vs. field based.","authors":"Ådne Ausland, Bence Kelemen, Stephen Seiler","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1806303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1806303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate assessment of cardiovascular parameters, including maximal heart rate (HRmax), resting heart rate (RHR), and heart rate reserve (HRR), is important for guiding training prescriptions in endurance athletes. Conventional age-based HRmax prediction formulas, particularly the widely used \"220-age\" equation, remain common despite substantial individual variation and documented underestimation in trained populations. Self-reported field data-defined as the highest heart rate recorded during maximal training or racing efforts-provide an ecologically valid alternative for examining HRmax in real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,375 endurance athletes across multiple disciplines. Self-reported HRmax, RHR, weekly training load, and training history were collected via standardized web-based surveys administered globally from November 2022 to January 2023. Associations were evaluated using Pearson correlations, and the accuracy of age-based HRmax formulas was assessed via Bland-Altman analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age was strongly inversely correlated with HRmax (<i>r</i> = -0.60, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and HRR (<i>r</i> = -0.66, <i>p</i> < 0.001), but only weakly associated with RHR (<i>r</i> = 0.06, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Age-based formulas underestimated self-reported HRmax by 5-6 bpm (mean bias = -5.8 bpm for Fox; -4.8 bpm for Tanaka), with wide limits of agreement (Tanaka: -18.5 to +9.1 bpm; Fox: -20.2 to +8.6 bpm), indicating substantial individual variability. RHR was moderately inversely correlated with weekly training hours (<i>r</i> = -0.23, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant sex differences were observed. HRR exhibited high inter-individual variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory analysis of self-reported field data demonstrates that age-based HRmax formulas show systematic underestimation and wide individual error in endurance athletes. These findings support the use of individualized, context-specific HRmax assessment, while highlighting the limitations of relying solely on age-based predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1806303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of different cryotherapy interventions on post-exercise acute delayed-onset muscle soreness, athletic performance, and inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiawei Wu, Anjie Wang, Hao Hu, Hang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1819396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1819396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryotherapy is a widely used physical recovery modality in post-exercise settings; however, systematic evidence identifying the optimal cryotherapy modality based on continuous time-course outcome assessments remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the comparative effectiveness of different cryotherapy modalities-whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), cold water immersion (CWI), contrast water therapy (CWT), and local cold therapy (LCT)-on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), countermovement jump, and inflammatory biomarkers (creatine kinase, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein) at multiple post-intervention time points (immediate, 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h), using a systematic review and network meta-analysis approach. A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO databases for studies published between January 1, 2010, and November 1, 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 51 randomized controlled trials comprising 1,243 participants were included. The effects of cryotherapy demonstrated a pronounced time-dependent pattern. Compared with control conditions, no cryotherapy modality significantly reduced DOMS immediately after exercise. CWI significantly attenuated DOMS at 1 h [MD = -1.09, 95% CI (-1.93, -0.24), <i>P</i> < 0.05] and 24 h [MD = -0.89, 95% CI (-1.33, -0.45), <i>P</i> < 0.05], whereas LCT produced the greatest reduction at 48 h [MD = -1.17, 95% CI (-2.19, -0.16), <i>P</i> < 0.05]. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, WBC resulted in the largest reductions in CK levels at 48 h [MD = -118.24, 95% CI (-173.49, -63.00), <i>P</i> < 0.05] and 72 h [MD = -135.03, 95% CI (-204.40, -65.66), <i>P</i> < 0.05]. CWI was the most effective modality for suppressing IL-6 immediately post-exercise [MD = -0.32, 95% CI (-0.58, -0.06), <i>P</i> < 0.05] and at 24 h [MD = -0.46, 95% CI (-0.92, -0.01), <i>P</i> < 0.05]. In terms of exercise performance, WBC significantly improved countermovement jump performance at 1 h [MD = 9.15, 95% CI (5.12, 13.17), <i>P</i> < 0.05], 24 h [MD = 10.70, 95% CI (1.16, 20.42), <i>P</i> < 0.05], and 48 h [MD = 10.50, 95% CI (3.37, 17.62), <i>P</i> < 0.05], with sustained benefits observed up to 72 h<b>.</b></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cryotherapy is an effective strategy for promoting the recovery of physiological indicators following acute exercise, with its efficacy demonstrating pronounced time-dependent characteristics.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>Identifier, 2026 CRD420261300174.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1819396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Active commuting: a strategy for improving student health in educational settings.","authors":"Franscisco Javier Huertas Delgado, Ximena Palma-Leal, Rizka Maulida, Pablo Campos-Garzón","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1844876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1844876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1844876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and marital satisfaction among teachers: a mediation model of self-esteem, spirituality, and psychological distress.","authors":"Haifa Snani, Hela Snani, Amayra Tannoubi, Hela Znazen, Abdullah Hamed Alliheibi, John Elvis Hagan, Fairouz Azaiez","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1782014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1782014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Marital satisfaction is influenced by various intrapersonal and environmental factors. The present study explores the associations between physical activity and marital satisfaction in a sample of Tunisian married teachers, examining the mediating roles of body esteem, sexual self-esteem, and psychological distress, with spirituality acting as a psychosocial resource.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 924 married teachers (52% women) from six Tunisian regions. Participants completed the Arabic versions of the Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index (IWSRI), Body Esteem Scale (BES), Sexual Self-Esteem Scale (SSES), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4). The hypothesized pathways were examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Arabic IWSRI demonstrated strong psychometric properties (<i>α</i> = 0.961) with a confirmed four-factor structure. SEM revealed a significant positive association between physical activity and marital satisfaction (<i>β</i> = 0.34, <i>p</i> < 0.001) which was partially mediated by body esteem (<i>R</i> ² = 0.48), sexual self-esteem (<i>R</i> ² = 0.52), and reduced psychological distress (<i>R</i> ² = 0.24). Spirituality was positively correlated with both physical activity (<i>β</i> = 0.41, <i>p</i> < .001) and marital satisfaction (<i>β</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> < .001). The overall model accounted for 63% of the variance in marital satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this specific population of Tunisian teachers, physical activity is associated with higher marital satisfaction through both physiological and psychosocial dimensions. Spirituality appears to be a significant resource correlated with mental balance and resilience. These preliminary results support an integrative view of health-encompassing physical, psychological, and spiritual facets-for understanding factors linked to stable marital relationships. However, due to the cross-sectional design, causal directions cannot be inferred.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1782014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can social capital motivate individuals to continue exercising? the case of group extreme conditioning program training.","authors":"Apostolia Ntovoli, Georgia Stavropoulou, Garyfallos Anagnostou, Panagiotis Papadopoulos, Athanasia Zourladani, Constantinos Giaginis, Kostas Alexandris","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1792083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1792083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Social capital is an important concept for individual and societal well-being today. This study aimed to test the relationships among social capital, exercise motivation, and intention to exercise, testing at the same time whether motivation mediates the relationship between social capital and intention to continue exercising. The study was conducted in the context of a group extreme conditioning program training, which has been distinct for its community image and committed member network.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five hundred and ninety questionnaires (<i>N</i> = 590) were collected, with an online questionnaire, from adult group extreme conditioning program training exercisers. Social capital was measured with nine items, which correspond to the three dimensions: network, trust, and reciprocity. Motivation was measured with twelve items, based on the self-determination theory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that social capital was an antecedent of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but also influenced exercise intention both directly and indirectly, through its influence on motivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The trust and reciprocity dimensions of social capital were the most influential ones, while the network dimension had only an indirect relationship with intention, through motivation. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1792083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of various forms of exercise-induced fatigue on the short-passing performance of sub-elite female football players.","authors":"M Sparks, A Strauss, C Pienaar","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1734883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1734883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to describe physical and short-passing performance of sub-elite female soccer players and to determine the effects of fatigue induced by different exercise protocols on passing performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight South African female football players participated in the study. Players completed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) before and directly following the execution of two fatigue-inducing protocols: a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test. Peak heart rate and blood lactate concentration were obtained following the fatiguing exercises.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decline in the LSPT performance was found in terms of passing, penalty and total time following both fatiguing exercises. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) increase in penalty time (32.6%) and total performance time (10.1%) was recorded following the Yo-Yo IR1. Penalty time (20.4%) and total performance time (8.5%) also increased following the RSA test. Moderate to high correlations were found between Yo-Yo IR1(r = -0.47 - -0.51) and RSA (r = -0.40 - -0.48) results with baseline LSPT performance. Percentage decline in LSPT performance was not significantly associated with Yo-Yo IR1 and RSA performance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Physical fatigue has a detrimental effect on short-passing ability, with aerobic fatigue influencing passing accuracy more than anaerobic fatigue, resulting in a larger decline in short-passing performance. While higher fitness levels were associated with superior baseline short-passing performance, they did not protect players from the relative deterioration of skills once fatigued.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1734883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Optimizing athletic recovery: the effects of recovery strategies and sleep on sports performance.","authors":"Rui Miguel Silva, Francisco Tomás González-Fernández, Rafael Oliveira, Rodrigo Aquino","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1848719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1848719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1848719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147813171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If exercise is medicine, where is the dose? A call to improve reporting and monitoring of exercise interventions in fibromyalgia research.","authors":"Blanca Gavilán-Carrera, Álvaro-José Rodríguez-Domínguez, José-Carlos Tortosa-González, Manuel Delgado-Fernández","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1777261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1777261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1777261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking well-being in capitalist value-centered societies: football in Japan as contemporary capitalistic ritual.","authors":"Yosri Razgui","doi":"10.3389/fspor.2026.1717103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1717103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to reflect upon the cultural impact of neoliberal capitalism on the experientiality of contemporary rituals as potential sources of well-being. After modeling a theoretical framework that positions the concepts of rituals, well-being and development within the contemporary context, the paper focuses on the ontology of contemporary capitalistic rituals, a newly proposed category that arguably better situates many modern rituals within the current global context. In conclusion, drawing on an ethnographic case study among Japanese professional football supporters, the paper demonstrates how sports mega-events can be categorized as contemporary capitalistic rituals and play a central role in modeling well-being and happiness in urban settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12716,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","volume":"8 ","pages":"1717103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147814187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}