Geoscience frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and global carbon inequality: Addressing the challenges and opportunities for SDG 10, SDG 12, and SDG 13","authors":"Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yufang Li ,&nbsp;Ugur Korkut Pata ,&nbsp;Rongrong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on carbon inequality (CI) in 67 countries from 1995 to 2019. The results suggest that (i) AI significantly amplifies CI both between and within countries due to its energy requirements and uneven deployment; (ii) trade openness and global value chain (GVC) positioning mitigate AI’s effect on inter-country CI, while robust governance—marked by larger government size and institutional transparency—curtails intra-country disparities; (iii) specific thresholds (trade openness &gt; 4.74, GVC position &gt;  −1.07, government size &gt; 2.90, transparency &gt;  −0.22) shift the impact of AI from exacerbating to reducing CI. The adverse effects of AI can be reversed through enhanced trade, GVC integration, and strong governance. Key policy implications: Policymakers must prioritize exceeding these thresholds to leverage AI for sustainable and equitable outcomes. This requires (a) promoting trade liberalization to spread the benefits of AI globally, reducing inter-country CI; (b) strengthening GVC participation to offset the carbon-intensive use of AI; (c) building government capacity and transparency to ensure fair adoption of AI domestically; and (d) embedding these strategies in climate policies to align AI with the long-term goals of environmental justice and the SDGs, particularly climate action (SDG 13) and reducing inequalities (SDG 10).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102072"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of peridotites of the Shangla Complex Ophiolite along Main Mantle Thrust, Northern Pakistan","authors":"Zaheen Ullah ,&nbsp;Asad Khan ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Tehseen Zafar ,&nbsp;Asghar Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan ,&nbsp;Zahid Hussain ,&nbsp;Adnan Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Idrees ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrar","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shangla Complex ophiolite represents a relic of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere along the Indus Suture Zone (also known as the Main Mantle Thrust) in northern Pakistan. This section, thrust onto the continental margin between the Indian and Karakoram (Asian) plates, is predominantly composed of depleted harzburgites, dunites and chromitites. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry (major oxides, trace elements, PGE), and integrated Re-Os isotopic data from mantle-derived peridotites to understand their petrogenesis and melt evolution. These peridotites exhibit a depleted nature, characterized by a low modal composition of clinopyroxene, a wide forsterite content range in olivine (86.5 to 95.2), and a large variation in Cr# values (25.1–91.4). Their diverse whole-rock geochemistry further suggests varying degrees of partial melting. The Cpx-harzburgites show high average Al₂O₃ (1.83 wt.%), CaO (2.27 wt.%), ΣREE (12.9 ppb), and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os values between 0.13095 and 0.12571. On the other hand, the depleted harzburgites and dunites exhibit lower average Al₂O₃ (0.57 wt.% and 0.14 wt.%, respectively), CaO concentration (0.59 wt.% and 0.21 wt.%, respectively), and ∑REE concentrations, measured at 12.7 ppb and 8.9 ppb, respectively. The ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios in the depleted harzburgites and dunites range from 0.12643 to 0.11777, indicating they are less radiogenic compared to the Cpx-harzburgites. The spoon-shaped rare earth elements (REE) patterns suggest that the Cpx-harzburgites underwent low degrees of partial melting (∼10%–15%), whereas the depleted harzburgites and dunites indicate somewhat higher degrees of partial melting (additional melting of the Cpx-harzburgites). The PGE abundances in these depleted harzburgites and dunites are linked to the partial melting of Cpx-harzburgites, resulting in a boninitic-like melt. Their low degree of melting and melt extraction suggests that Cpx-harzburgites initially formed at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) spreading center or a distal fore-arc basin. In contrast, the depleted harzburgites and dunites were formed during a second phase of melting, followed by refertilization, closely associated with a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting. The Re-Os isotopic systematics of the Shangla Complex peridotites reveal model age clusters of ca. 250 Ma and ca. 450 Ma, potentially corresponding to significant tectonic events in the geodynamic evolution of the Neo-Tethyan, Rheic, and Proto- Tethyan oceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102070"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Si isotope compositions of subduction zone fluids controlled by fluid-rock interaction and fluid evolution","authors":"Kun Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Hui-Min Yu ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Schertl ,&nbsp;Tatsuki Tsujimori ,&nbsp;Sergei Skuzovatov","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jadeitites are formed either through direct precipitation from Na-Al-Si rich fluids (P-type), or by replacement of magmatic protoliths (R-type) in subduction zones. They are valuable targets for investigating the mobility behavior and chemical composition of subduction zone fluids. The Rio San Juan Complex (RSJC) in the northern Dominican Republic hosts both P- and R-type jadeitites and jadeite-rich rocks, which provide ideal samples for addressing such issues. Here, we present trace element and Sr-Nd-O-Si isotope compositions of RSJC jadeitites and related rocks. Most samples show similar REE patterns, trace element distributions and <em>δ</em>¹⁸O values to those of plagiogranite protoliths, indicating the predominance of R-type origin in RSJC. The P-type samples exhibit slightly higher <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values (−0.15‰ to 0.25‰) than that of R-type samples (−0.20‰ to 0.08‰), which place above the igneous array. The low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0.70346 to 0.70505) and high <em>ε</em>_Nd(<em>t</em>) values (4.6 to 6.8) of the P-type jadeitites and quartzites, along with relatively low <em>δ</em>¹⁸O values (4.7‰ to 6.4‰) of their forming fluids, indicate that the fluids are likely derived from the altered basaltic crust rather than from oceanic sediment. However, the estimated jadeitite- and quartzite-forming fluids exhibit distinct <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values (0.76‰ to 0.99‰ and –0.48‰ to –0.08‰, respectively), implying an evolution of the fluids that modified the Si isotopic compositions. Since fluid metasomatism and related desilication process could have lowered the whole-rock <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values, the heavy Si isotope compositions of the R-type samples are produced from the external fluids. Combing Rayleigh distillation and binary mixing simulations, we propose that fluids derived from altered oceanic crust obtained high <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values after crystallization of minerals enriched in light Si isotopes. The P-type jadeitites are formed through direct precipitation from this fluid. As the plagiogranite protoliths were continuously replaced by this fluid, the formed R-type samples (jadeitites and quartzites) also exhibit high <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values. Such rocks could significantly alter the Si isotope compositions of local mantle when they are deeply subducted at convergent plate margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102071"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoscience Frontiers 2024 Annual Convention","authors":"Lily Wang,&nbsp;Mudan Yin,&nbsp;Yongqiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102043"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Fluoride contamination in groundwater: A global review of the status, processes, challenges, and remedial measures” [Geosci. Front. 15(2) (2024) 101734]","authors":"E. Shaji ,&nbsp;K.V. Sarath ,&nbsp;M. Santosh ,&nbsp;P.K. Krishnaprasad ,&nbsp;B.K. Arya ,&nbsp;Manisha S. Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102051"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorite deposits: A promising unconventional resource for rare earth elements","authors":"Shamim A. Dar ,&nbsp;V. Balaram ,&nbsp;Parijat Roy ,&nbsp;Akhtar R. Mir ,&nbsp;Mohammad Javed ,&nbsp;M. Siva Teja","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green energy transition relies heavily on critical metals, such as rare earth elements (REEs). However, their reserves are primarily focused in a few countries, such as China, which accounts for approximately 70% of global production. Hence, several countries are currently looking for alternative resources for REEs. Alternative REE resources in the supply chain include recycling of e-waste, industrial waste like red mud and phosphogypsum, coal ash, mine tailings, ocean floor sediments, and even certain types of sedimentary deposits like phosphorites where REEs are present in lower concentrations but at larger volumes compared to primary ore deposits which are becoming targets by REEs industry. Currently, several studies are going on the development of eco-friendly REEs extraction technologies from phosphorite deposits. Consequently, advanced data analysis tools, such as Machine Learning (ML), are becoming increasingly important in mineral prospectivity and are rapidly gaining traction in the earth sciences. Phosphorite deposits are mainly used to manufacture fertilizers as these rocks are known for their significant phosphorus content. Moreover, these formations are considered a prospective resource of REEs. The different types of phosphorite deposits such as continental, seamount, and ore deposits worldwide reported concentrations of ∑REE upto 18,000 µg/g. Due to the augmented claim of REEs for various ultra-modern, and green technology applications that are required to switch over to a carbon–neutral environment, these phosphorite deposits have become an important target mostly because of their relatively higher content of REEs especially heavy rare earth elements (HREE). For example, Mississippian phosphorites reported ∑HREE 7,000 µg/g. To have a comprehensive understanding of the REEs potential of these phosphorite deposits which also include several Chinese phosphorite deposits, this study is undertaken to review the phosphorite deposits in the world and their REEs potential, in addition to some of the associated aspects such as applications and formation mechanisms for different types of phosphorite deposits such as igneous phosphate deposits, sedimentary phosphorite deposits, marine phosphorite deposits, cave phosphate deposits, and insular guano deposits. Other important aspects include their occurrences, types, geochemical characteristics, the REEs enrichment mechanisms, and various recovery methods adopted to recover REEs from different phosphorite deposits. The present review paper concludes that the recent studies highlight the global potential of phosphorite deposits to satisfy the increasing demand for REEs. Extracting REEs from phosphorite presents no significant technological or environmental difficulties, as long as radioactive elements are eliminated. In India, more comprehensive geological surveys, along with the advancement of new methods and evaluations, are required to locate phosphorite deposits with high conc","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102044"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoscience Frontiers Referees 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102010"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Cretaceous columnar basalts from the Mesoarchean Coorg Block, Southern India: A potential plume-influenced rifting event or a localized magmatic phenomenon?","authors":"S.G. Dhanil Dev ,&nbsp;Pooja Pradeep ,&nbsp;Chengxue Yang ,&nbsp;Anoop Sooraj ,&nbsp;P.K. Krishnaprasad ,&nbsp;K.V. Sarath","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of mantle plume in the final stages of rifting of the East Gondwana crustal fragments remains equivocal with only limited evidence so far reported from the southern part of Peninsular India. Here, we report for the first time a suite of columnar basalts from the Mesoarchean Coorg Block in the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) of India and characterize these rocks through field, petrological, geochemical, and isotope geochronological studies. The basalts show porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of pyroxene and plagioclase embedded in fine groundmass. Geochemical data reveal tholeiitic flood basalt affinity with affinities of plume-related magmatism. The zircon U-Pb data of the rocks yield a weighted mean age of 137 Ma, thus corresponding to the Valanginian Age of the Early Cretaceous Period. We suggest the possible geochemical affinity of the studied rocks Kerguelen plume basalts which provide new insights into magmatism associated with the final stages of East Gondwana rifting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102058"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CH4 and CO2 emissions and dissolved carbon exporting in rivers on the upper Lanzhou section of the Yellow River, China","authors":"Zhiheng Du ,&nbsp;Hao Cui ,&nbsp;Fangping Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wei ,&nbsp;Wenhan Hu ,&nbsp;Simin Xie ,&nbsp;Changlian Tao ,&nbsp;Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Yicheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jingfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Minzhu He","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yellow River (YR), China’s second-longest river, remains understudied regarding its greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, particularly the impacts of urban drainage ditches and wastewater treatment facilities on regional GHGs dynamics. This study investigated methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations, fluxes and stable carbon isotopes (<em>δ</em>¹³C-CH₄ and <em>δ</em>¹³C-CO₂) across six main stream, three ditches, and one wastewater treatment site along the upper Lanzhou section of the YR, spanning from the urban entrance (36.176°N, 103.449°E) to the exit of Lanzhou city (36.056°N, 104.020°E). Measured CH₄ diffusion fluxes in mainstem sites ranged from 0.01 to 2.58 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹ (mean: 0.36 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹), while ebullitive fluxes (gas bubbles) ranged from 0.01 to 18.89 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹ (mean: 0.90 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹). CO₂ diffusion fluxes varied between 9.16–92.80 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹ (averaged: 39.11 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹) at these locations. Ebullition (bubble) fluxes accounted for 53.1% ± 22.4% (range: 9.0% to 98.4%) to total CH₄ <!-->emissions (diffusion plus ebullition), with peak fluxes occurring during summer, indicating its significance as a CH₄ transport mechanism. Notably, both diffusion CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes and ebullitive CH₄ rates at ditch sites substantially exceeded those in mainstream reaches. The lowest CH₄ and highest CO₂ concentrations were observed at a wastewater treatment site, likely resulting from the removal of high organic loads. Acetoclastic methanogenesis—the process converting acetate-derived methyl groups to CH₄—was identified as the dominant production pathway in both mainstream and ditch environments. CH₄ and CO₂ flux magnitudes in the upper YR (Lanzhou section) were comparable to those observed in subtropical Yangtze River tributaries. These results demonstrate that anthropogenic influences significantly enhance CO₂/CH₄ emissions, and the lateral exports of dissolved carbon (DIC and DOC) in the main stream site was quantified., which cannot be overlooked. The findings emphasize the critical need to account for pronounced spatiotemporal variations in arid-region GHG fluxes to improve basin-scale estimates for the YR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102057"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc and cadmium isotope signatures: Insights into ore genesis and exploration strategies at the Xiaohongshilazi Pb-Zn-(Ag) deposit, Northeast China","authors":"Huchao Ma ,&nbsp;Da Wang ,&nbsp;Ryan Mathur ,&nbsp;Gaotian Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jizhong–Yanbian Cu-Mo-Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenic belt is a major nonferrous and precious metal resource base in Northeastern China. The genesis of ore deposits in this district has remained controversial. To constrain ore genetic models and provide information for exploration, we conducted precise Zn-Cd isotopic measurements on sphalerite and galena. The <em>δ</em>⁶⁶Zn_AA–ETH values of galena and sphalerite range from −0.07‰ to 0.03‰ and −0.68‰ to −0.12‰, respectively; and their <em>δ</em>^114/110Cd_{NIST SRM 3108} values vary from −0.96‰ to 3.83‰ and −0.63‰ to 0.77‰, respectively. Our study suggests that the Xiaohongshilazi Pb-Zn-(Ag) deposit should be classified as a Mississippi Valley Type (MVT)-like deposit, because both its geological, sulfide trace elemental, and S-Pb-Fe-Zn-Cd isotopic characteristics are similar to those of the typical MVT deposit, except for the differences of the wall rocks. Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation is identified as the primary mechanism for Zn-Cd isotopic variations, which is validated by the Zn-Cd fractionation models from 100 °C to 250 °C. Finally, we propose an ore prospecting model based on migration pathways of ore-forming fluid and the Zn isotopic fractionation model of sphalerite under 100 °C. This model indicates potential resources undiscovered at shallow/peripheral and deep zones of current mining level in both the Eastern and Western Ore Block, with parts of the potential resources having been corroborated by recent drilling. Despite the complexity of mineralization, processes, this study provides new insights into the application of Zn-Cd isotopes in understanding ore genesis and guiding mineral exploration in similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102054"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}