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Provenance of a Stenian succession in the eastern Jiangnan (Sibao) Orogen, South China: Implications on tectonic affinity and pre-Neoproterozoic crustal evolution 华南江南(四宝)造山带东部斯坦系序列物源:构造亲和与前新元古代地壳演化意义
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101973
Kai Wang , Shuan-Hong Zhang , Shuwen Dong , Qiqi Zhang , Tianyu Zhao
{"title":"Provenance of a Stenian succession in the eastern Jiangnan (Sibao) Orogen, South China: Implications on tectonic affinity and pre-Neoproterozoic crustal evolution","authors":"Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Shuan-Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuwen Dong ,&nbsp;Qiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lower Tieshajie Subgroup at the conjunction zone of the Yangzte and Cathaysia blocks represents the only Stenian sedimentary succession in the eastern Jiangnan (Sibao) Orogen of South China, bearing important clues on plate boundary and pre-Neoproterozoic crustal evolution. We report the first U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of detrital zircons from this succession to investigate the age and provenance characteristics. Age and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the lower and upper parts of the metamorphosed Lower Tieshajie Subgroup are similar. They are exclusively of magmatic origins, showing youngest age peaks at ca. 1.17 Ga and ca. 1.15 Ga, respectively, but both with a rarity of 1.12–1.10 Ga ages from the nearby magmatic rocks. This constrains protolith deposition of the Lower Tieshajie Subgroup to be mainly at 1.17–1.12 Ga, while the timing of metamorphism is bracketed by the intruding unmetamorphosed granites to be 1.10–0.84 Ga, that is, related to Grenville-aged orogenesis at the Jiangnan Orogen. The detrital zircons yielded a broad age range of 3.28–1.03 Ga, dominated by a 1.20–1.10 Ga population interpreted to be sourced from coeval magmatic rocks within the Tieshajie Complex itself. The abundant Archean and Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons are well-matched with magmatic records from the Eastern Yangtze Block, suggesting a Yangtze Block affinity of the Lower Tieshajie Subgroup. This implies that the surface boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is located to the south of the Lower Tieshajie Subgroup, probably in between the two parts of the Tieshajie Group. Age peaks of detrital zircons at 2.85–2.78 Ga, 2.68 Ga, and 2.50 Ga, combined with regional data, suggest episodic magmatism involved both crustal growth and reworking during the late Archean in the Jiangnan Orogen and adjacent areas of the Eastern Yangtze Block, while the 2.10–1.80 Ga peak corresponds to significant reworking of pre-existing crust related to the early assembly of the Nuna (Columbia) Supercontinent. Regional correlations based on detrital zircon age spectra and tectono-magmatic histories show similarities between the Yangtze Block and North India, suggesting the two continents were likely in spatial proximity at least during the late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101973"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Middle Cambrian convergence at the southwestern Baltica margin, Holy Cross Mts., Poland, and its significance for reconstructions of early Gondwana 波兰圣十字山波罗的海西南缘中寒武纪辐合及其对早期冈瓦纳重建的意义
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101972
Riccardo Callegari , Stanisław Mazur , William C. McClelland , Christopher J. Barnes , Grzegorz Ziemniak , Karolina Kośmińska , Jarosław Majka
{"title":"Middle Cambrian convergence at the southwestern Baltica margin, Holy Cross Mts., Poland, and its significance for reconstructions of early Gondwana","authors":"Riccardo Callegari ,&nbsp;Stanisław Mazur ,&nbsp;William C. McClelland ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Barnes ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Ziemniak ,&nbsp;Karolina Kośmińska ,&nbsp;Jarosław Majka","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The western periphery of Baltica has traditionally been viewed as a passive continental margin formed during the fragmentation of Rodinia and the opening of the Iapetus and Tornquist Oceans. This view is supported by the Volyn Large Igneous Province (VLIP) of Ediacaran age in Eastern Europe, which may be associated with break-up and evolution of the Tornquist Ocean. However, in western Ukraine, the sedimentary succession overlying the VLIP contains latest Ediacaran to early Cambrian detrital zircon with mixed <em>ε</em><sub>Hf</sub>(<em>t</em>) values that can be interpreted to reflect deposition in a convergent margin setting with input from a continental volcanic arc. To investigate the potential convergent tectonic setting along SW Baltica during the Ediacaran to Cambrian transition, we conducted research in the Holy Cross Mts. (HCM), Poland. Here, tightly folded, and low-grade metamorphosed slates are unconformably overlain by Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) sedimentary rocks. We applied <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology on white mica defining cleavage in lower Cambrian rocks and U-Pb geochronology on detrital zircons to constrain the timing of the deformation. Our samples show similar populations of detrital zircons, with affinities to regions within or on the outskirts of Baltica. For all Cambrian samples, the calculated maximum depositional age is close to their stratigraphic age, suggesting rapid deposition in an active tectonic setting. The <em>ε</em><sub>Hf</sub>(<em>t</em>) values range from −18 to +12, indicating significant mixing of mantle-derived magmas with mature crustal material typical of continental magmatic arc systems. Single-grain fusion <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology on white mica yielded two populations of weighted average ages of 537 ± 1 Ma and 510 ± 4.4 Ma, interpreted as a detrital white mica population and the maximum approximation of the age of post-depositional early to middle Cambrian deformation, respectively. The similarities in zircon populations and isotopic compositions between Cambrian sediments of the HCM and those from Ukraine, suggest that both areas were sourced from a continental arc on the Baltica margin, above a subduction zone consuming Neoproterozoic Mirovoi Ocean crust. This arc is likely an equivalent to the Cadomian Arc on the opposite side of the ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101972"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Change in the direction of Early Cretaceous tectonic extension in eastern North China Craton as the result of Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction 古太平洋-欧亚板块相互作用下华北克拉通东部早白垩世构造伸展方向的变化
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101965
Lei Ji , Jun Deng , Junlai Liu , Xiaoyu Chen , Xuefei Liu , Xinmin Yang , Jinlong Ni , Liangliang Zhang , Yu An , Pengfei Tian
{"title":"Change in the direction of Early Cretaceous tectonic extension in eastern North China Craton as the result of Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction","authors":"Lei Ji ,&nbsp;Jun Deng ,&nbsp;Junlai Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Xuefei Liu ,&nbsp;Xinmin Yang ,&nbsp;Jinlong Ni ,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu An ,&nbsp;Pengfei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How the subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate changes in the Early Cretaceous remains highly controversial due to the disappearance of the subducted oceanic plate. Intraplate deformation structures in the east Asian continent, however, provide excellent opportunities for reconstructing paleostress fields in continental interior in relation to the Paleo-Pacific/Eurasian plate interaction. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), geological, and geochronological analyses of post-kinematic mafic dykes intruding the detachment fault zone of the Wulian metamorphic core complex (WL MCC) in Jiaodong Peninsula exemplify emplacement of mantle-sourced dykes in a WNW–ESE (301°–121°) oriented tectonic extensional setting at ca. 120 Ma. In combination with the results from our previous kinematic analysis of the MCC, a ca. 21° clockwise change in the direction of intraplate extension is obtained for early (135–122 Ma) extensional exhumation of the MCC to late (122–108 Ma) emplacement of the dykes. Such a change is suggested to be related to the variation in subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate, from westward (pre-122 Ma) to west-northwestward (post-122 Ma).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101965"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inter-basin groundwater flow in the Ordos Basin: Evidence of environmental isotope and hydrological investigations 鄂尔多斯盆地跨流域地下水流动:环境同位素和水文调查证据
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101967
Yitong Zhang , Jiaqi Chen , Jiansheng Chen , Wang Wang
{"title":"Inter-basin groundwater flow in the Ordos Basin: Evidence of environmental isotope and hydrological investigations","authors":"Yitong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Chen ,&nbsp;Jiansheng Chen ,&nbsp;Wang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ordos Basin, located in arid and semi-arid region of China, is famous for its abundant groundwater resources and artesian features. The source of groundwater recharge, whether from local precipitation or external sources, has been debated. This study aims to elucidate the groundwater circulation mechanism in the Ordos Basin through scientific expedition, environmental isotope method, and hydrological drilling exploration, providing valuable insights for other artesian basins. Comprehensive analysis indicates that groundwater in the Ordos Basin is recharged by modern precipitation, primarily from high-elevation areas outside the basin. Deep groundwater from these external sources ascends to the aquifer through basement fault zones. Evidence from hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, hydraulic gradients, and water quantities suggests that the Tibetan Plateau is the most potential recharge source. Based on the distribution of Cenozoic basalt and data from seismic observation wells, we propose that leakage water from the Tibetan Plateau rift valley is transported to the Ordos Basin through fast channels, possibly lava tubes, and then upwelling through basement fault zones. This work provides a new perspective on the mechanism of inter-basin groundwater circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101967"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consistent crystal orientation of core and rim pyrites indicates an epitaxial growth of rim in Carlin-type gold deposits 卡林型金矿岩心与边缘黄铁矿晶体取向一致,表明边缘呈外延生长
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101966
Jingdan Xiao , Zhuojun Xie , Yong Xia , Phillip Gopon , Qinping Tan
{"title":"Consistent crystal orientation of core and rim pyrites indicates an epitaxial growth of rim in Carlin-type gold deposits","authors":"Jingdan Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhuojun Xie ,&nbsp;Yong Xia ,&nbsp;Phillip Gopon ,&nbsp;Qinping Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gold-bearing arsenian pyrite in Carlin-type gold deposits typically grows around the gold/arsenic-poor pyrite core, forming core–rim textured pyrite. However, the causes of rim pyrite precipitation around the early-formed core pyrite and the growth mechanisms of the rim pyrite remain unclear. Here, we combined scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis, and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry to investigate the textural and chemical characteristics of core–rim textured pyrite from the giant Shuiyindong and Lannigou gold deposits. Furthermore, we used electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to characterize their crystallographic structure. The results indicated that core–rim textured pyrite is the dominant pyrite type in the ore. This type of pyrite is characterized by the sharp core–rim interfaces, euhedral-subhedral morphology, and oscillating zoning. The gold/arsenic-rich rim and gold/arsenic-poor core formed during the main-ore and pre-ore stages, respectively. Crystallographically, the rim showed that a crystallographic orientation is similar to that of the core along the (0<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->0) crystal facet, indicating that the core pyrite serves as a template for the epitaxial growth of rim pyrite. Textural and chemical features indicate that the epitaxy occurs in the process of direct precipitation of main-ore pyrite over the pre-ore pyrite. As Carlin ore fluids dissolve the iron-bearing carbonates, iron concentrations in the fluids increase, thereby creating a supersaturation environment suitable for the nucleation of main-ore pyrite. Because the minimal lattice misfit would minimize the surface free energy and the (0<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->0) facet of pyrite has a lower surface energy than other facets, the nucleated pyrite would readily grow along the (0<!--> <!-->1<!--> <!-->0) facet of preexisting pyrite via epitaxy. Our findings highlight that the widespread preexisting pyrite facilitates late-stage pyrite precipitation. For Carlin-type gold deposits, the pre-ore pyrite is essential owing to its promoting the precipitation of gold-bearing pyrite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101966"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magmatic initial and saturated water thresholds determine copper endowments: Insights from apatite F-Cl-OH compositions 岩浆初始水和饱和水阈值决定了铜禀赋:磷灰石F-Cl-OH成分的启示
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101962
Yingcai Sun , Qiushi Zhou , Rui Wang , Madeleine C.S. Humphreys
{"title":"Magmatic initial and saturated water thresholds determine copper endowments: Insights from apatite F-Cl-OH compositions","authors":"Yingcai Sun ,&nbsp;Qiushi Zhou ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Madeleine C.S. Humphreys","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magmatic volatiles (H<sub>2</sub>O, F, Cl), especially water, are critical in the formation of porphyry copper deposit, for its significance as a carrier for metals. However, accurately quantifying the water contents of deep ore-forming magma remain a challenge. Here, we used apatite and forward modelling methods to reconstruct magmatic water evolution histories, with special concern on the control of initial magmatic H<sub>2</sub>O contents and water saturation threshold to porphyry mineralization. Samples investigated include granitoid rocks and apatite from highly copper-mineralized and barren localities. Generally, our research suggested that both ore-related and ore-barren magma systems are hydrous, the modeled magmatic water contents vary significantly among systems whether mineralized or not, and the major difference lies in the threshold of water saturation (6.0 wt.% for barren, and up to 10.0 wt.% for highly mineralized). Combined with whole rock geochemistry data (high K<sub>2</sub>O and Sr/Y contents) and modeling result (high modeled water thresholds), we think the ore-related magmas are stored at deeper depth with higher water solubility. In conclusion, we propose that the level of magmatic water saturation plays a crucial role in the formation of porphyry copper systems. Fertile magma has higher water solubility to which deeper storage depth is a critical contributing factor, and can get significantly water enriched upon saturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101962"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laboratory experiments of carbon mineralization potential of the main terrestrial basalt reservoirs in China 中国主要陆相玄武岩储层碳矿化潜力的实验室实验
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101961
Yanning Pan , Yunhua Liu , Zengqian Hou , Qiang Sun , Nianzhi Jiao , Guochen Dong , Jihua Liu , Gaoxue Yang , Huiting Zhang , Hailiang Jia , Hao Huang
{"title":"Laboratory experiments of carbon mineralization potential of the main terrestrial basalt reservoirs in China","authors":"Yanning Pan ,&nbsp;Yunhua Liu ,&nbsp;Zengqian Hou ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Nianzhi Jiao ,&nbsp;Guochen Dong ,&nbsp;Jihua Liu ,&nbsp;Gaoxue Yang ,&nbsp;Huiting Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailiang Jia ,&nbsp;Hao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the background of realizing the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, using basaltic rocks for carbon mineralization is one of the most promising approaches to reduce the rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. This study conducted a series of experiments to assess carbon mineralization in nine basalt samples from the main terrestrial basalt reservoirs in China within CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O/brine-rock systems at low temperatures (≤35 °C). The results indicate that the secondary carbonates formed in the CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O/brine-basalt system are predominantly calcite rather than Mg-carbonate minerals at low temperatures (≤35 °C). Hence, at low temperatures (≤35 °C), basalt rich in Ca-bearing minerals promotes the formation of stable carbonate minerals more effectively than basalt containing Mg-bearing minerals. Furthermore, under conditions of low temperatures (≤35 °C) and pressures of approximately 3 MPa, the results suggest that alkaline olivine basalt, with a higher content of Ca-minerals and typical alkaline minerals (nepheline and Na-sanidine), exhibits the highest pH value and the highest amount of calcite. Hence, the alkaline minerals, nepheline and Na-sanidine, serve as pH buffers to increase the pH and promote the precipitation of calcite within CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O– basalt systems at low temperatures (≤35 °C). Among the nine evaluated basalts, basalt from the Shandong Linqu-Changle volcanic basin exhibits the highest rate of carbon mineralization at low temperatures (≤35 °C). Hence, Cenozoic alkaline olivine basalt from Shandong Linqu-Changle volcanic basin is one of the most promising basalt reservoirs in China for future in- situ carbonation. As for ex- situ carbonation, compared with olivine, diopside or Ca-plagioclase may be more appropriate for increasing ocean negative emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of Earth’s free oscillation and analysis of the non-synchronous oscillation phenomenon of normal modes 地球自由振荡的探测和正常模式非同步振荡现象的分析
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101957
Yingqi Zhang , Gong Xu , Chenchen Wang , Yaxin Zhao , Zheng Mu , Yunhao Fan , Changwei Jing
{"title":"Detection of Earth’s free oscillation and analysis of the non-synchronous oscillation phenomenon of normal modes","authors":"Yingqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Gong Xu ,&nbsp;Chenchen Wang ,&nbsp;Yaxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zheng Mu ,&nbsp;Yunhao Fan ,&nbsp;Changwei Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earth’s free oscillation can provide essential constraints for refining Earth models, inverting seismic source mechanisms, and studying the deep internal structure of the Earth. Large earthquakes can simultaneously excite numerous normal modes. Due to the Earth’s ellipticity, rotation, and internal heterogeneities, these normal modes undergo splitting, with the frequencies of singlets of normal modes becoming very close (only a few µHz apart). This imposes greater demands on the detection of normal modes. This paper introduces a novel method for normal mode detection based on the normal time–frequency transform (NTFT). Compared to classical FT spectrum methods and recent optimal sequence estimation (OSE), the proposed method not only detects more weak normal modes but also reveals the spatial distribution of the phase of each normal mode. Taking the detection of <sub>0</sub>S<sub>2</sub> as an example, the phase measurements of each singlet are spatially inconsistent. This phenomenon can provide prior information for other methods, such as product spectrum analysis (PSA), spherical harmonic stacking (SHS), multistation experiments (MSE), and OSE. Additionally, understanding the phase distribution patterns contributes to further study of geological structures, offering crucial foundational data and observational support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101957"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel flood conditioning factor based on topography for flood susceptibility modeling 基于地形的洪水调节因子在洪水敏感性模拟中的应用
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101960
Jun Liu, Xueqiang Zhao, Yangbo Chen, Huaizhang Sun, Yu Gu, Shichao Xu
{"title":"A novel flood conditioning factor based on topography for flood susceptibility modeling","authors":"Jun Liu,&nbsp;Xueqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Yangbo Chen,&nbsp;Huaizhang Sun,&nbsp;Yu Gu,&nbsp;Shichao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood is one of the most devastating natural hazards. Employing machine learning models to construct flood susceptibility maps has become a pivotal step for decision-makers in disaster prevention and management. Existing flood conditioning factors inadequately account for regional characteristics of flood in the depiction of topography, potentially leading to an overestimation of flood susceptibility in flat areas. Addressing this gap, this study proposes a novel flood conditioning factor, local convexity factor (LCF), to enhance the accuracy of flood susceptibility modeling. Initially, LCF is computed based on a standard normal Gaussian surface to highlight elevation variations in local terrain. Subsequently, LCF is applied to flood susceptibility modeling using seven machine learning models across four distinct basins. Comparative analysis is conducted between flood susceptibility maps with and without the application of LCF to evaluate its impact on flood susceptibility modeling. The results demonstrate that the proposed LCF can enhance the accuracy of flood susceptibility modeling to varying degrees, across the four basins investigated. The Fujiang basin exhibited the most substantial improvement, with its AUC improved from 0.861 to 0.886, Producer’s Agreement improved from 0.869 to 0.899, and Overall Agreement improved from 0.778 to 0.811. Comparation with hydrodynamic inundation maps shows that particularly in relatively flat terrain areas, flood susceptibility maps incorporating LCF offer more precise delineation between flood-prone and non-flood-prone zones. This research holds potential for widespread application in the prediction of flood susceptibility using machine learning models, providing a novel perspective for enhancing their accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fifteen years of Geoscience Frontiers and moving forward 地球科学前沿》十五年及展望
IF 8.5 1区 地球科学
Geoscience frontiers Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101955
Xuanxue Mo
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