Geoscience frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics of disordered mackinawite (FeSm) at low temperatures and its geochemical implications","authors":"Hoon Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Hyun Hwi Lee ,&nbsp;Minji Park ,&nbsp;Sookyung Kim ,&nbsp;Kim Ford Hayes ,&nbsp;So-Jeong Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Soo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disordered mackinawite (FeS_m), an initial iron sulfide forming under ambient, anoxic conditions, plays a central role in sedimentary iron and sulfur cycling and may have contributed to early biochemical processes relevant to the origin of life. However, its structural variability complicates the assessments of its geochemical behavior and environmental impacts. Here, we demonstrate that FeS_m undergoes anoxic corrosion at 25 °C, generating H₂ even in the absence of traditional oxidants such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or elemental sulfur (S⁰). This abiotic H₂ production provides a potential reductant for early Earth carbon fixation and may support modern oligotrophic ecosystems by influencing carbon cycling. The pH-dependent H₂ production kinetics suggests that protons (H⁺) likely act as the primary oxidant in FeS_m corrosion. The formation of Fe(III)-rich surface layers during this process passivates further corrosion and modulates surface reactivity—potentially facilitating the oxidation of H₂S to S⁰ and intermediate species, thus driving FeS_m transformation into greigite (Fe₃S₄) and pyrite (FeS₂). Particle growth mechanisms vary with pH: Ostwald ripening dominates under acidic conditions, while oriented attachment is favored at neutral to alkaline pH. Instead, with prolonged aging, FeS_m becomes stabilized through less-oriented attachment, producing polycrystalline particles. Both surface passivation and particle growth contribute to the resilience and dynamic behavior of FeS_m under diverse geochemical conditions, reinforcing its role in sustaining iron and sulfur biogeochemical cycles. This study offers mechanistic insights into the structural evolution of FeS_m, with implications for both early Earth environments and modern sedimentary systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology and genesis of the newly identified Early-Devonian Hatuzhongyou REE deposit, NW China: Insights from petrology, geochemistry, and isotopes","authors":"Chao Hui ,&nbsp;Fengyue Sun ,&nbsp;Yanqian Yang ,&nbsp;Shahzad Bakht ,&nbsp;Tao Tian ,&nbsp;Tao Yu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Qiao ,&nbsp;Xingsen Chen ,&nbsp;Chengxian Liu ,&nbsp;Yajing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB) is an important Cu-Co-Ni-Au-Fe metallogenic belt in China, but the degree of exploration for rare earth elements (REE) mineralization remains very limited. Following the identification of the Dagelegouxi carbonatite-associated REE-Nb deposit (2022) and the Hatuzhongyou (HT) REE deposit (2017), the researchers have paid increasing attention to the REE mineralization potential in the EKOB. The former has been systematically studied in terms of the metallogenic processes. However, no systematic studies have been conducted on the HT deposit, resulting in a research gap. Therefore, this study applies petrology, whole-rock and in-situ mineral geochemistry, geochronology and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes to investigate tectonic setting and metallogenic processes of the HT deposit.</div><div>The HT deposit represents an alkaline silicate complex (ASC)-hosted mineralization system. The ASC comprises hornblende gabbro (HG), clinopyroxene syenite (CS), hornblende-clinopyroxene syenite (HCS), and quartz-hornblende-clinopyroxene syenite (QS), displaying brecciated, stockwork, and disseminated REE ores. REE mineralization is dominated by allanite, xenotime, monazite, and bastnäesite. The zircon U-Pb concordant age of the HCS suggests that the HT ASC formed in an extensional setting induced by slab detachment and asthenospheric upwelling at <em>ca.</em> 413 Ma, marking a flare-up stage of magmatism and mineralization from <em>ca.</em> 430 Ma to 359 Ma in the EKOB. All rocks in the HT deposit are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and REE, but depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, and Eu. Petrology, mineral compositions, geochemical data, and Hf-Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions suggest that the source of the HT deposit originated from low-degree partial melting of a metasomatized enriched lithospheric mantle, followed by fractional crystallization, magmatic-hydrothermal metasomatism, and fluid boiling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102174"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-shell stable isotopes in land snail as proxies of seasonal climate variability: Ontogenetic evidence from cultured and field specimens","authors":"Xiulan Zong ,&nbsp;Jibao Dong ,&nbsp;Hong Yan ,&nbsp;Yougui Song ,&nbsp;Huifang Liu ,&nbsp;Shugang Kang ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxuan Lu ,&nbsp;Yunning Cao ,&nbsp;Guozhen Wang ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yana Jia ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Haijiao Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land snail shells preserve stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions (<em>δ</em>¹⁸O_shell and <em>δ</em>¹³C_shell) that offer valuable seasonal to weather-scale records of terrestrial environmental changes. However, the extent to which ontogenetic processes influence these signals remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated intra-shell isotopic variations in giant African land snails from laboratory cultured <em>Achatina fulica</em> and field collected <em>Lissachatina fulica</em> from Panzhihua, China. Laboratory experiments show that adult snail exhibits a <em>δ</em>¹⁸O_shell enrichment of up to 0.8‰, likely driven by internal physiological processes such as biomineralization and metabolism. In addition, <em>δ</em>¹³C_shell show an enrichment of 1.3‰ in subadult and adult shells, potentially associate with increased carbonate ingestion. In natural settings, intra-shell <em>δ</em>¹⁸O_shell variations primarily reflects seasonal fluctuation in precipitation <em>δ</em>¹⁸O, with physiological effects exerting only a minor influence. Although <em>δ</em>¹³C_shell values in wild snails fall within the expected range of C₃ plant-based diets, the potential roles of carbonate ingestion and dietary selectivity should be considered when reconstructing vegetation isotope signatures. These findings establish land snail shells as robust proxies of sub-annual climate variability and offer a modern calibration framework to enhance the use of terrestrial biocarbonates in paleoclimate reconstructions, particularly across monsoonal and moisture-sensitive regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102164"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monazite as an indicator for orogenic gold deposits: Constraints from detrital zircon Th/U ratio and isotope data in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt","authors":"Genshen Cao ,&nbsp;Huayong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to typical orogenic gold deposits, the relationship between the host rocks and orogenic gold deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) appears less pronounced. This study complies a dataset of 97,088 U-Pb and 12,757 Hf isotopic detrital zircon analyses, employing a combination of mapping and statistical analyses techniques, to investigate the connection. Results show that regions with a Th/U ratio below 0.7 and a mantle contribution calculated ranging from 50% to 75% are favorable zones for the localization of orogenic gold deposits. The findings indicate that the presence of monazite, along with a certain input of mantle material into the host rocks, is a favorable factor for the formation of orogenic gold deposits. Moreover, the host rocks of orogenic gold deposits predominantly form in convergent tectonic settings. This study not only reveals the relationship between orogenic gold deposits and host rocks, but also offers valuable exploration implications in CAOB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102155"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How energy intensity and global energy dynamics shape renewable energy transition in APEC economies","authors":"Guixian Tian ,&nbsp;Xiang Hua ,&nbsp;Danyu Li ,&nbsp;Junyi Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the critical factors influencing the adoption of modern renewable energy in selected APEC countries from 1997 to 2023, with a focus on their implications for sustainable development and environmental sustainability. Using dynamic panel data estimation techniques (Arellano–Bond and system dynamic panel-data estimation), we analyze the interplay between energy intensity, world energy balances, economic globalization, and the shadow economy in shaping the share of modern renewables in total final energy consumption. Our results indicate that higher energy intensity reduces renewable energy adoption, reflecting systemic challenges in integrating clean energy into high-demand systems. Conversely, world energy balances and economic globalization enhance renewable energy penetration, driven by decarbonization policies, technological advancements, and cross-border collaboration. Surprisingly, the shadow economy also plays a positive role, suggesting that informal sector activities may facilitate small-scale renewable energy investments. From a sustainability perspective, these findings underscore the need for APEC economies to prioritize energy efficiency, strengthen international cooperation, and implement inclusive policies that support renewable energy transitions. By addressing structural barriers and leveraging globalization, APEC nations can accelerate progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Policymakers are encouraged to design targeted interventions, including green financing mechanisms, technology transfer programs, and regulatory incentives, to align economic growth with long-term environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102134"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noble gas constraints on fluid flow and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Yinggehai Basin, Northwestern South China Sea","authors":"Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Tao Wen ,&nbsp;Khi Atchinson ,&nbsp;Ziqi Feng ,&nbsp;Fang Hao ,&nbsp;Lin Hu ,&nbsp;Jinqiang Tian ,&nbsp;Yazhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianzhang Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Tuo","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple physicochemical processes involving organic and inorganic components may alter hydrocarbon composition and isotopic signatures, posing a challenge in accurately tracing natural gas accumulation. In contrast, noble gases are chemically inert and highly sensitive to fluid flow processes, offering a powerful tool for precisely tracing natural gas accumulation. By analyzing and modeling noble gas geochemistry data of gas samples from gas fields in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, we constrained fluid flow patterns and traced the natural gas accumulation process. In particular, the low ³He/⁴He and high ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar values of gas samples suggested atmospheric-crustal mixing, with the suspected central fault significantly influencing the ⁴⁰Ar* (* denotes crustal noble gas) proportion and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar value in charging fluids. Binary mixing of atmospheric and crustal noble gases elevated the ⁴⁰Ar*/⁴He* value in well-preserved gas fields. Diapir activity and/or long-term artificial extraction had likely promoted noble gas leakage which further elevated the ⁴⁰Ar*/⁴He* to abnormally high levels. Three key time windows for ⁴He* accumulation, i.e., 4–4.5 Ma, 1–2 Ma, and 0–0.5 Ma, were identified in well-preserved gas fields. The suspected central fault facilitated the migration of both high ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar fluids and highly mature hydrocarbons characterized by heavier <em>δ</em>¹³C₁ and high C₁/C_1-5 ratios. In most gas fields, methane (C₁) migration was dominated by the gas phase, as indicated by the high C₁/³⁶Ar value. However, in a few leaked or shallow-buried gas fields, low C₁/³⁶Ar ratios suggest that C₁ also migrated with water. The duration of trap sealing and the depth of the transport system played critical roles in hydrocarbon accumulation. Longer trap sealing and greater transport system depth favored hydrocarbons derived from the Lower Miocene Sanya Formation. In contrast, shorter trap sealing durations and limited transport system depth led to the accumulation of hydrocarbons sourced from the Middle Miocene Meishan Formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102169"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do continental lithospheric discontinuities exert control on tectonic plate motion directions?","authors":"Yvette D. Kuiper","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plate motion directions, and the orientations of rift zones and oceanic spreading ridges, and of transform faults and fracture zones that are perpendicular to these ridges, are generally controlled by tectonic forces such as slab pull, mantle convection, and mantle plumes. Here, it is hypothesized that within the confines of these general orientations, the exact orientations of these structures, and therefore plate motion directions, are partially controlled by suitably oriented sets of steep continental lithospheric discontinuities (CLDs), which work in concert with these larger tectonic forces.</div><div>Previously, the observation has been made that oceanic fracture zones are contiguous with CLDs, such as suture zones and other lithospheric fault zones. Based on high-resolution bathymetry, geological and geophysical data, it is demonstrated here that continents have multiple sets of lineaments parallel to such CLDs, or contiguous with CLDs where they occur farther inland and do not reach the ocean. Published analog experiments suggest that the orientations of transform faults and fracture zones are controlled by these CLDs if the angle between the spreading direction and the CLDs is no more than ∼45°. Spreading ridge segments evolve in an orientation perpendicular to these transform faults and fracture zones, so that the spreading direction becomes parallel to the transform faults and fracture zones. The implication is that the exact plate motion directions are controlled by CLDs, if a set of CLDs is orientated at low angle with the spreading direction. When plate motion directions need to change due to tectonic forces, the new hypothesis predicts that the exact directions may be controlled by a different set of suitably orientated CLDs. During later stages of oceanic spreading, the larger tectonic forces such as slab pull, mantle convection, and mantle plumes become increasingly dominant and plate motion directions may no longer be controlled by the CLDs.</div><div>While the hypothesis needs further testing, it has potentially far-reaching implications. For example, Euler pole reconstructions are commonly based on small circle patterns formed by fracture zones and transform faults in the oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic crust older than ∼200 Ma is typically destroyed by subduction, and pre-Mesozoic Euler poles can therefore not be reconstructed based on that method. If the hypothesis presented above is correct, the orientations of CLDs and associated lineament sets may be used as proxies for orientations of past transform faults and fracture zones, at least during early oceanic spreading. The locations of past Euler poles may thus be better estimated based on these CLDs and lineaments, and pre-Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstructions may be much improved in deep geologic time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102154"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed method for landslide detection based on transfer learning and graph neural network","authors":"Wanqi Luo ,&nbsp;Haijun Qiu ,&nbsp;Yingdong Wei ,&nbsp;Wenchao Huangfu ,&nbsp;Dongdong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid landslide detection can give timely information for emergency responses when group-occurring landslides occurred. However, it is frequently difficult to quickly acquire sufficient data for landslide detection in a short period. Transfer learning harnesses the knowledge of landslide detection from the source domain to the target domain with little labeled data. Graph neural networks (GNN) explicitly models global or local relationships by constructing a graph structure where nodes represent pixels and edges represent connections, thereby improving segmentation consistency. Here, we proposed a deep learning model integrated the attention mechanism, multiscale connections, and GNN to capture contextual information and extract the important features for landslide detection. The proposed method was first pretrained in the large-scale dataset, then transferred and fine-tuned the parameters in the two case studies: 2013 Niangniangba rainfall-induced landslides in China and 2018 Hokkaido coseismic landslides in Japan. We examined the feasibility of the proposed model and studied how much impact the scale of the target domain would have on the landslide detection. The controlled experiments reported that our proposed method could achieve the best F1-score in the data-rich condition. Our results also reveal that the deep learning models with transfer learning in data-limited conditions can perform closely to those in data-rich conditions. The fine-tuning model updated parameters in the target domain besides gaining knowledge from the source domain; hence, performance was improved significantly in a new region despite having little new data. Our approach demonstrates a potential way to improve landslide detection assessment, particularly in areas where landslides are extremely difficult to label.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102171"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volcano-sedimentary response to a mantle plume decay: A case study from the Eastern Mediterranean margin","authors":"A. Segev ,&nbsp;E. Sass ,&nbsp;U. Schattner","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decay of a mantle plume is characterized by a decline in magmatic activity, localized volcanic pulses, and short-term topographic fluctuations. These processes are better preserved in marine settings than on land, offering a clearer record of surface dynamics. This study examines the decay of the Levant mantle plume during the Albian-Cenomanian by analyzing the effect of recurring volcanism and vertical motions on the volcano-sedimentary stratigraphy exposed in Mt. Carmel, located on the eastern Mediterranean continental margin, a gas giant province. Geological mapping and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating reveal four distinct volcanic pulses (V₁–V₄) between ∼99 Ma and 95.4 Ma, each associated with surface uplift followed by subsidence and sedimentation. These cycles suggest pressure accumulation and release, likely driven by residual plume-related magmatic activity rather than regional tectonics. Volcanism, vertical motions, and shallow marine areas created local basins with varying connections to the sea, resulting in diverse depositional environments characterized by lithologies such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, marl, and tuff. The volcanic structures influenced facies changes and contributed to the formation of dolomite in shallow, partially closed marine environments. A final pulse, V₅ at 82 Ma, occurred after 13 Myr of quiescence, marking a shift in the regional tectonic setting. The lack of post-Maastrichtian volcanism and a 25 Myr long period of subsidence indicate plume termination. These findings demonstrate how a decaying plume loses its ability to influence surface dynamics. The Albian-Turonian reefs, situated atop a long-lasting crustal high structural block (swell) at the Arabian platform’s edge, serve as a significant example for analogous worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102161"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking marginal SDG dynamics: A KRLS machine learning analysis of AI technologies and solar energy","authors":"Zahoor Ahmed ,&nbsp;Stefania Pinzon ,&nbsp;Muhammad Qamar Rasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies quantifying AI’s impact on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) often rely on proxies that inaccurately reflect AI progress. Moreover, focusing solely on environmental and growth indicators provides an incomplete picture of AI’s overall contribution to the SDGs, as the SDG framework encompasses a broader set of interconnected goals. Therefore, this study unveils the marginal impacts of AI and solar energy (SEN) directly on the SDG Index (SDGI) by using the Kernel-Based Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) machine learning approach for the 10 largest economies from 2000‒2022. While the study found an overall positive average marginal impact of AI on the SDG Index, indicating significant progress driven by AI technologies, the analysis across different quantiles revealed variability. Specifically, at the 25th quantile, AI appears to hinder SDG progress. This could be due to negative externalities from AI adoption, like its use in accelerating non-renewable energy production and resource-intensive consumption, or from countries’ insufficient technological application capabilities. However, at higher quantiles (likely representing countries with better SDG achievement and greater AI maturity), the marginal effects of AI become increasingly positive, suggesting its beneficial use in areas that support SDGs. Marginal effects of SEN on SDGI are found to be positive, showing a positive connection between SDGs’ achievements and solar energy adoption. The marginal effects of economic globalization (EGB) and institutional productive capacity (INP) on SDGI are found to be positive. Finally, policies to boost AI and solar energy adoption, as well as exploring potential applications of AI across various sectors for sustainable development, are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102167"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}