Genetika最新文献_第8页

Anther culture as an effective tool in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. 花药培养作为冬小麦育种的有效手段。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.7868/s0016675816080075

C Lantos, J Pauk

{"title":"Anther culture as an effective tool in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding.","authors":"C Lantos, J Pauk","doi":"10.7868/s0016675816080075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7868/s0016675816080075","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of genotype and induction medium in anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ten F1 winter wheat genotypes were tested in anther culture (AC) to compare the two most frequently applied induction media (W14mf and P4mf). Androgenesis was induced during the treatment of each tested genotypes and green plants were produced from them using both media. Based on statistical analysis, the genotypes significantly influenced (at the 0.001 probability level) the efficiency of AC (embryo-like structures (ELS), albinos, green plantlets and transplanted plantlets) and the media also had a significant effect on the number of ELS and albino plantlets. Both media can be used for AC in wheat doubled haploid (DH) plant production. The production of ELS and green plantlets was higher in P4mf medium (48.84 ELS/100 anthers, 4.82 green plantlets/100 anthers) than in W14mf medium (28.14 ELS/100 anthers, 4.59 green plantlets/100 anthers). However, the green plant regeneration efficiency of the microspore-derived structures was 16.9% when using W14mf medium, while this value was 9.6% in the case of ELS induced with P4mf medium. The application of W14mf medium thus proved to be time- and labour-saving medium in the large-scale production of DH wheat plants. In our experiments, 267 DH plants were produced for our winter wheat breeding program. The spontaneous rediploidization rate was 32.72%.","PeriodicalId":12707,"journal":{"name":"Genetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35765994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Authentication of five Barilius species from Indian waters using DNA barcoding. 利用DNA条形码技术鉴定印度水域五种巴留斯鱼。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-08-01

A K Singh, R Kumar, A K Mishra, M Singh, V S Baisvar, U K Chauhan, B Kushwaha, N S Nagpure

{"title":"Authentication of five Barilius species from Indian waters using DNA barcoding.","authors":"A K Singh, R Kumar, A K Mishra, M Singh, V S Baisvar, U K Chauhan, B Kushwaha, N S Nagpure","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Authentic identification of fish species is essential for conserving them as a valuable genetic resource in our environment. DNA barcoding of living beings has become an important and ultimate tool for establishing their molecular identity. Among cyprinids, Barilius is an important genus having nearly 23 species in Indian region whose morphological identification is often difficult due to minute differences in their features. Five species collected from Indian waters and primarily identified as Opsarius bakeri (syn. Barilius bakeri), B. gatensis, B. vagra, B. bendelisis and B. ngawa were authenticated by their DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Five individuals of each species were taken for barcode preparation by COI gene sequencing which yielded one barcode for B. ngawa, two barcodes each for O. bakeri, B. gatensis, B. bendelisis and three barcodes for B. vagra. The order of inter and intra-specific variation was estimated to know a preliminary status of variation prevailing in these cold stream fish species significant for evolution and conservation of these valued species of our ichthyofauna. Average variation within genera was found to be 13.6% with intra-specific variation ranging from 0.0% (B. ngawa) to 0.6% (B. gatensis). These distance data are in the same order found by various researchers globally using COI barcode sequences in different fish species. Phylogenetic relatedness among Barilius species and some other cyprinids validate their status of individual species as established by conventional taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":12707,"journal":{"name":"Genetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35766883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Association of gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases with reproductive losses in the first trimester of pregnancy]. [基质金属蛋白酶基因多态性与妊娠前三个月生殖功能丧失的关系]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-08-01

E V Mashkina, K A Kovalenko, T A Marakhovskaya, K N Saraev, A A Belanova, T P Shkurat

引用次数: 0

[Erratum to: “A comparative analysis of methylation status of tumor suppressor genes in paired biopsy and serum samples from cervical cancer patients among North Indian population”]. [勘误："北印度人宫颈癌患者成对活检样本和血清样本中肿瘤抑制基因甲基化状态的比较分析"】。］

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-08-01

A K Jhaa, V Sharma, M Nikbakht, V Jain, A Sehgal, N Capalash, J Kaur

引用次数: 0

[Prospects for application of breakthrough technologies in breeding: The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing]. [突破性技术在育种中的应用前景:CRISPR/Cas9植物基因组编辑系统]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-07-01

E K Khlestkina, V K Shumny

{"title":"[Prospects for application of breakthrough technologies in breeding: The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing].","authors":"E K Khlestkina, V K Shumny","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of the methods of contemporary genetics and biotechnology into the breeding process is assessed, and the potential role and efficacy of genome editing as a novel approach is discussed. Use of molecular (DNA) markers for breeding was proposed more than 30 years ago. Nowadays, they are widely used as an accessory tool in order to select plants by mono- and olygogenic traits. Presently, the genomic approaches are actively introduced into the breeding processes owing to automatization of DNA polymorphism analyses and development of comparatively cheap methods of DNA sequencing. These approaches provide effective selection by complex quantitative traits, and are based on the full-genome genotyping of the breeding material. Moreover, biotechnological tools, such as doubled haploids production, which provides fast obtainment of homozygotes, are widely used in plant breeding. Use of genomic and biotechnological approaches makes the development of varieties less time consuming. It also decreases the cultivated areas and financial expenditures required for accomplishment of the breeding process. However, the capacities of modern breeding are not limited to only these advantages. Experiments carried out on plants about 10 years ago provided the first data on genome editing. In the last two years, we have observed a sharp increase in the number of publications that report about successful experiments aimed at plant genome editing owing to the use of the relatively simple and convenient CRISPR/Cas9 system. The goal of some of these experiments was to modify agriculturally valuable genes of cultivated plants, such as potato, cabbage, tomato, maize, rice, wheat, barley, soybean and sorghum. These studies show that it is possible to obtain nontransgenic plants carrying stably inherited, specifically determined mutations using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This possibility offers the challenge to obtain varieties with predetermined mono- and olygogenic traits.","PeriodicalId":12707,"journal":{"name":"Genetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35765771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Evolution of genetic diversity and human diseases]. [遗传多样性的进化与人类疾病]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-07-01

V A Stepanov

{"title":"[Evolution of genetic diversity and human diseases].","authors":"V A Stepanov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of development and dispersion of complex diseases in human populations requires new views, approaches, hypotheses, and paradigms. Evolutionary medicine provides one of the promising approaches to this problem, putting the disease into an evolutionary context. Unlike classic approaches oriented to proximate issues on structure and mechanisms of a disease, evolutionary considerations are broader. It provides the basis for understanding the origin, dispersion, and maintenance of the high frequencies of pathological phenotypes in modern human populations. In the current paper, we try to review the modern concepts on the evolution of human genetic diversity, to shape the outlines of evolutionary medicine, and to illustrate evolutionary medical problems using our experimental data. Data on genome-wide search for the signals of decanalization and adaptation in the human genome and on related biological processes and diseases are presented. Some hypotheses and concepts of evolutionary medicine may be productive for revealing the mechanisms of origin and dispersion of complex diseases and for pathogenetics of multifactorial diseases. One of such concepts is the hypothesis of decanalization of genome–phenome relationships under natural selection during modern human dispersion. Probably, the high frequency of alleles associated with complex diseases (and partially the high prevalence of diseases themselves) could be explained in the framework of the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":12707,"journal":{"name":"Genetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35766072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Fundamentally low reproducibility in molecular genetic cancer research]. [从根本上说，分子遗传癌症研究的可重复性很低]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-07-01

I V Alekseenko, V V Pleshkan, G S Monastyrskaya, A I Kuzmich, E V Snezhkov, D A Didych, E D Sverdlov

引用次数: 0

[Migration as the main factor of the Russia’s urban population dynamics]. [移民是俄罗斯城市人口动态的主要因素]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-07-01

O L Kurbatova, N K Yankovsky

{"title":"[Migration as the main factor of the Russia’s urban population dynamics].","authors":"O L Kurbatova, N K Yankovsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes the results of the long-term studies performed at the Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, in the field of genetic demography of migration processes in Russia and its capital. The main population-genetic parameters of migration and their dynamics in Moscow over a hundred years are given. Sociodemographic and population-genetic implications of migration processes are considered. A model predicting the population gene pool dynamics under migration pressure for genes of different localization (autosomal, sex-linked, and mitochondrial), exemplified by predicting the allele frequency dynamics in the Moscow population of some gene markers, including genes accounting for monogenic pathology and genes associated with resistance to socially significant diseases, are presented. The paper discusses the selective character of migration processes, in particular, processes of emigration, with respect to some genetically significant ethnodemographic traits; the problem of adaptation of migrants; and adaptive strategies of consolidation of ethnoconfessional groups in the megalopolis (compact settlement over the urban territory and positive assortative mating with respect to demographic traits). It was shown that, owing to the intense influx of migrants and gene flows between ethnic groups, the population of the megalopolis is of mixed origin in terms of ethnic, anthropologic, and genetic aspects. The results of the study suggest the necessity to develop a specific strategy of genetic database formation for the population of megalopolises for the purposes of medical genetics and forensic medicine.","PeriodicalId":12707,"journal":{"name":"Genetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35765573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Methods of high-throughput plant phenotyping for large-scale breeding and genetic experiments]. [大规模育种和遗传实验的高通量植物表型方法]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-07-01

D A Afonnikov, M A Genaev, A V Doroshkov, E G Komyshev, T A Pshenichnikova

引用次数: 0

[Horizontal gene transfer into the genomes of insects]. [向昆虫基因组的水平基因转移]。

Genetika Pub Date : 2016-07-01

I A Zakharov

引用次数: 0