Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums最新文献

{"title":"Valda Rūmnieka un Andreja Miglas romāni latviešu biogrāfiskās literatūras kontekstā","authors":"Edgars Lāms","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.130","url":null,"abstract":"The article evaluates the biographical novels of the creative tandem of Valdis Rūmnieks (b. 1951) and Andrejs Migla (1940–2021) about the poet Aleksandrs Čaks (“Čaks”, 2010) and the sculptor Kārlis Zāle (“Trīs zvaigznes” ‘Three Stars’, 2013). Both novels are viewed in the context of the history of Latvian biographical novels and contemporary trends in biographical literature. The article aims to reveal the peculiarities of the biographical novels created in cooperation by the two authors and clarify the connections between traditional and new approaches. An attempt was made to classify biographical texts of different natures (documental, scientific and popular scientific biographies, and fictional biographical texts in diverse variations). The biographical novels of Rūmnieks and Migla are evaluated as works based on objective facts, where the creative imagination of authors also plays an important role, and episodes of hypothetical possibilities also have their place. The scenes of private and public life are interwoven in the narrative of both novels, marking the coordinates of the events of various historical periods and broadly expanding the contexts of cultural-historical processes. In the novel “Čaks”, the authors have experimented with the composition of the text, creating a particular form of acrostic novel. In the structure of their narrative, the authors have integrated the characteristic style elements of the poet Čaks, the characteristic texture and the artistic methods of his expression. The novels of Rūmnieks and Migla can be recognised as culturally significant and artistically interesting examples of Latvian biographical novels of the 21st century. The research used a combined methodology, cultural historical and biographical methods, and elements of literary mapping, marking the coordinates of the artistic expanse of the novels’ characters.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indriķis Laube latviešu rakstniecībā","authors":"Pauls Daija","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.071","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the literary works of the writer and publicist Indriķis Laube (1841–1889) in Latvian literary culture in the 1870s and 1880s. The aim of this article is to analyse the significance of Laube’s literary activity and describe his contribution to Latvian prose fiction, humorous satirical literature and journalism. Methodologically, the article employs the approach of the social history of literature by highlighting the interaction between social change and literary innovations. Summarising the information about Laube’s work scattered in publications so far, the article identifies the main research questions for further studies of his work, formulates those aspects of Laube’s work that are connected with the political and national transformations in the period after the Young Latvian movement in the 1860s, and also offers to locate Laube’s place among his contemporaries. The story “Smiltnieku Andrejs” is interpreted as Laube’s main work in the article, which depicts a Latvian peasant’s intellectual and professional growth in the interaction between German and Russian cultural impulses. In addition, attention is paid to issues of women’s emancipation in Laube’s works, as well as to his humorous prose, in which the social and political problems of his time are addressed. Laube is described as a typical representative of his era, who has combined the autodidact’s ambition to popularise scientific and cultural affairs with the work of a literary critic. At the same time, Laube occupies a special place in the landscape of the Latvian national culture of his time due to the fact that, being born in a German-Latvian family and raised in a German environment, he made a conscious decision to become a Latvian and get involved in the national revival movement.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"74 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adrese Pasta iela 3: Liepājas kultūridentitātes metafora (1950–1980)","authors":"Anda Kuduma","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.314","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to identify and evaluate the main aspects of the formation of Liepāja literary and cultural environment in the 1950s–1980s. The location of the editorial office of the city newspaper “Komunists” (“Kurzemes Vārds”) at Pasta Street 3 is of great importance to the creative cultural space of Liepāja. The Association of Young Writers was founded there in the 1950s. The editorial office becomes a gathering place for young writers, actors, musicians, and artists, a cultural space for an active, creative life. Landscape identity can be viewed as a spatially unique psycho-sociological perception of a place defined in cultural space. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the theoretical studies on place identity and cultural memory issues by Maria Levicka, Bas Pedroli, Jan Diek van Mansvelt, William P. Stewart, Derk Jan Stobbelaar, Astrid Erll, and others. The article concludes that many talented personalities – journalists, writers, artists, etc. – worked in the newspaper’s editorial office during the time researched. Many writers and journalists, later recognised in Liepāja, the region, and throughout Latvia, started their literary activities in the Association of Young Writers. Many of them experienced their first publications in the literary pages of the newspaper “Komunists”. Many of them were also engaged in the newspaper as journalists. A close relationship is formed between the physical environment and, under its influence, the strong attachment to the creative community. Despite the ideological direction of the political era and the limitations of the creative process, thanks to the favourable, sometimes even open-minded, supportive, and trusting atmosphere prevailing in the editorial office of the newspaper “Komunists”, the cultural and literary life of Liepāja rapidly developed and improved, and has become an important indicator of the city’s cultural identity.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maģiskās glābšanas stāsti par svētās Agatas brīnumiem Stirnienes draudzē","authors":"Ieva Zepa","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.142","url":null,"abstract":"In a small north-western Latgale community, Stirniene parish of St. Lawrence, personal experience narratives that highlight folk Christianity have been documented during the late 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. In these narratives, supernatural aid and miraculous salvation in crucial situations are frequently occurring motifs. The cult of saints has a significant role in Latgalian folk Christianity, and these narratives reveal the deep roots of one of the most popular cults of saints – the worship of Saint Agatha in Stirniene parish. Saint Agatha is the patron saint for fire and other disasters. On Saint Agatha’s Day – the 5th of February – bread, water, and salt are consecrated in Catholic churches in Latvia; these items are believed to prevent fire, cure humans and livestock animals, and protect against supernatural evil powers. The coexistence and interlapping of Christian and folk worldviews are presented in the paper, showing the appreciation of the sacramentalia consecrated on this day (bread, water, salt) and exposing the testimonies of miraculous aid through the use of such sacramentalia. Despite the profound political, economic, and cultural changes of the 20th century, and especially of the prohibition of religious practices during the Soviet occupation, it can be concluded that Saint Agatha’s Day traditions persevere both in older and younger generations. The corpus of personal experience narratives collected in Stirniene presents the miraculous salvation stories connected to Saint Agatha’s sacramentalia, thus displaying the continuity of the traditional worldview and values of the informants. The variety of different individual approaches to using Saint Agatha’s bread and water is characterised. The biographical method has been used in the research.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsceniškumo raiška lyčių kilmȩ aiškinančiose sakmėse","authors":"Martynas Vingrys","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.261","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses Lithuanian aetiological tales, which explain the origin of different genders. The main aim of the study is to analyse the tales that explain the origin of male and female external genital organs, focusing on how obscenity is expressed in these stories. The main research question is whether obscene motifs are used to explain the origin of the genital organs or whether overt vulgarity is avoided. It also attempts to establish the purpose of such stories and whether their truthfulness was believed. The research uses analytical descriptive, comparative and interpretive methods, and Lithuanian tales are compared with similar variants from other countries. The analysis of the tales explaining the origins of men and women revealed that the genitals in the Lithuanian versions of the tales are not associated with a reproductive function but are only a kind of body accessory. The tales mention that humans were able to reproduce successfully even before the creation of the sex organs. The obscenity in the tales about the origin of the sexes is only implicit and conditional. In the variants analysed, there is not a single word that is classified as a swear word, and there are almost no euphemistic names for the genital organs either. The explanation of the origin of the male sex is based on the comparison of similar objects (a banana, a twig, a ball of clay, a long thread with a skewer in the crotch), while the origin of the female sex is motivated by destruction (the crotch has ruptured or been punctured) or by lack (the thread for the belly has been missing). In those tales, in which the origin of women is linked to the activity of a mythical being – God or the devil –, the attitude towards women is usually mocking and belittling.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Koptā kritika sociālo tīklu laikmetā","authors":"Vēsma Lēvalde","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.224","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the situation of professional theatre criticism in the contemporary theatre environment and the reflection of current stage processes in performance reviews. The aim of the study is to identify changes in the purposes, form and content of professional theatre criticism at a time when social networks have become popular and are used both as a platform for discussion and as a platform for self-expression. In order to distinguish between reviews of performances written by professionally trained experts and other written reviews, the author of the article uses the term “cultivated criticism”. The research sources are the Latvian professional media Teātra Vēstnesis and www.kroders.lv, as well as the social network Facebook. The media content is analysed using the insights of art criticism theorists from the beginning of the 20th century to the current day and comparing the common and different principles of reviewing in the pre-digital and digital age. The professional standards of the review authors are also addressed. The author of the article has chosen the principles of theatre criticism from the works of the American theatre director and critic Harold Clurman (1901–1980) and the Scottish theatre critic and cultural journalist Mark Fisher as a theoretical framework. The findings of these experts are related to the opinions of Latvian and Lithuanian practising theatre critics on the meaning of reviews. The content analysis of the reviews looks for intersections with the American art critic Ben Davis’s concept of post-descriptive criticism, which, according to Davis, changes the descriptive nature of traditional, ekphrastic criticism. The research confirms Davis’s thesis that the transformation of a visual image into a verbal image is changing along with the changes in the artistic and informational environment. Regardless of the form of the review, theatre criticism remains an essential tool for the study of theatrical processes. At the same time, it is concluded that media content analysis does not provide a clear answer to the question of how to make cultivated criticism seen by theatre practitioners as respectable feedback and suggestions for professional development. These findings suggest that the paper’s topic is open for further research and discussion.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodikas avoti kā liecība par pirmo Latvijas sieviešu misionāru darbu","authors":"Kristīna Ēce","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.178","url":null,"abstract":"Mission work in the 19th century was one of the rare opportunities that gave women the possibility to respond to God’s call. The archive of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia (ELCL) was destroyed in 1944, and its collection have been lost. Many missionary letters are in archives in Germany. However, evidence of the mission work of the first women has been preserved in printed sources published in the territory of Latvia. The article aims to review the printed sources in the territory of Latvia as evidence of the work of the first Latvian women missionaries, especially the work of Hildegard Prozell (1898–1909), Auguste Weetneek (1899–1910) and Anna Irbe (1924–1940), about whom there are significant testimonies both in Latvian and German languages – Rigasches Kirchenblatt, Misions-Flugblatt, Jaunākās Ziņas, Ārmisija and other sources. The National Library of Latvia, the ELCL library, and the Estonian Literary Museum in Tartu are the main repositories for the sources used for this paper. The article analyses the content of these sources and the evidence of whether and how this missionary work left an impression on the society in the homeland. The first printed sources on the territory of Latvia about mission work in the 19th century are examined to provide the historical context. The study concludes that there is an expansive amount of information about Prozell, the first missionary from the territory of Latvia, and Irbe, the first ELCL missionary. They describe their service and trips to mission places, nature, geography, folk customs, etc. Also, these sources testify to the increase in support for mission work in the homeland. Missionaries who could be considered a minority, for example, Latvian women who went to serve through an unpopular mission society in Latvia, received much less or almost no attention from the printed press. This research enables discovering and preserving information about these women’s experiences at mission work, journeys, descriptions of nature and geography, folk customs and other important aspects. It not only contributes to and promotes understanding of the role of women in the mission work of the Latvian Church but also broadens the understanding of how this work affected society at home. Thus, this important cultural aspect is preserved and respected by researching and documenting periodical sources, supplementing and enriching Latvia’s national heritage.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latviešu modernisms PSRS: Roberta Eidemaņa piemērs","authors":"Ilze Ļaksa-Timinska","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.029","url":null,"abstract":"Soviet Latvian military officer and writer Roberts Eidemanis (1895–1937) lived and worked in the USSR after the October Revolution of 1917. He debuted as a writer before the First World War, working in poetry, drama and prose. In the 1920s, he became part of the diverse literary environment of the USSR, where various modernist currents worked alongside attempts to politicise and unify literature. The article aims to explore what Eidemanis’s Soviet-era prose was like – did it fit into a modernist literary paradigm, and what were these modernist features? The paper is structured in three sections. The first examines Eidemanis’s evolution as a writer, looking at his literary contribution before the First World War. The second section attempts to compare the novel “The Naked Year” (Golyj god, 1922) and its ornamental aesthetic by Eidemanis’s contemporary and friend Boris Pilnyak (real name Boriss Vogau) with Eidemani’s works, especially his long story “Surrounded” (Ielenktie, 1925). The third section examines the most prominent female characters in Eidemanis’s prose texts from the perspective of the new woman type. The methodological framework of the article is literary comparativism and close reading of texts; a feminist reading is used in the analysis of female characters. The article concludes that in the early 1920s, Eidemanis was influenced by the aesthetics of ornamental prose, elements of which he integrated into his work, especially in the long story “Surrounded”. It is also evident that Eidemanis presents a type of new woman in certain texts, giving his heroines the freedom to choose, open sexuality, highlighting the role of women in society and writing about taboo subjects. These aspects bring certain principles of Eidemanis’s text and character creation towards the modernist literary paradigm.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jaunākie latviešu romāni: literāri reliģisks teksts vai teksts ar reliģiskiem motīviem? Daži raksturīgi piemēri","authors":"Ilze Jansone","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.194","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on recent Latvian novels. The article examines the possibility of dividing novels into two categories: literary religious texts, from which new theologies can be derived by identifying features of these texts, and literary texts with religious motifs, in which neither the central message nor the plot, nor the artistic devices are religious at any level; religion in these texts functions as an object of reflection for the protagonist or the author, which may or may not influence the development of the protagonist or the narrative. This textual analysis helps to identify certain dimensions of religiosity in Latvian novels. The article aims to offer analytical examples for each set of literary texts and describe the methods of their analysis (the hermeneutic method and the combined method with elements of exegesis and close reading). The article also includes two examples from each set of texts, demonstrating the use of the methods. The article’s conclusions offer insight into the imaginative apologetics of Jānis Rokpelnis and Nora Ikstena, as well as a description of several religious motifs in the novels of Inga Ābele and Jurģis Liepnieks.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"14 4-5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceļš uz savu valsti Annas Brigaderes romānā “Kvēlošā lokā”","authors":"Ieva Kalniņa","doi":"10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2024.29.087","url":null,"abstract":"Anna Brigadere’s (1861–1933) novel “The Glowing Circle” (Kvēlošā lokā, 1928) is the writer’s only novel. The article examines how Brigadere recreated the path to the state’s founding in the novel and how she interpreted the events of that time. The aim of the article is to show in which aspects Brigadere creates the novel as the historical memory and cultural basis of the nation and in which aspects she expresses the views of her social group. The article uses materials in Latvian and German from the collections of the Museum of Literature and Music. The article uses case analysis – primary research case analysis and explanatory case analysis – to look at museum materials and their relationship to the text of the novel, as well as discourse analysis. Brigadere emphasises in the novel that the Republic of Latvia was established at a time when two countries (Russia and Germany) were trying to include it in their circle of interests, when people were involved in the war, and when it gradually became clear that only their own country could save the nation. In the novel, Brigadere opposes social-democratic and communist views. With the final solution of the novel, she joins the positivist tradition of Latvian literature.","PeriodicalId":127071,"journal":{"name":"Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums","volume":"75 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}