Genetics最新文献_第7页

Taking flight: an educational primer for use with "A novel mechanism for activation of myosin regulatory light chain by protein kinase C-delta in Drosophila". 飞行：用于“果蝇蛋白激酶C-delta激活肌球蛋白调节轻链的新机制”的教育性引物

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab187

Scott J Nowak, Krista C Dobi

引用次数: 0

Fisher's historic 1922 paper On the dominance ratio. 费舍尔1922年的历史性论文《论优势比》

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac006

Brian Charlesworth

{"title":"Fisher's historic 1922 paper On the dominance ratio.","authors":"Brian Charlesworth","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyac006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/genetics/iyac006","url":null,"abstract":"R.A. Fisher's 1922 paper On the dominance ratio has a strong claim to be the foundation paper for modern population genetics. It greatly influenced subsequent work by Haldane and Wright, and contributed 3 major innovations to the study of evolution at the genetic level. First, the introduction of a general model of selection at a single locus, which showed how variability could be maintained by heterozygote advantage. Second, the use of the branching process approach to show that a beneficial mutation has a substantial chance of loss from the population, even when the population size is extremely large. Third, the invention of the concept of a probability distribution of allele frequency, caused by random sampling of allele frequencies due to finite population size, and the first use of a diffusion equation to investigate the properties of such a distribution. Although Fisher was motivated by an inference that later turned out to lack strong empirical support (a substantial contribution of dominance to quantitative trait variability), and his use of a diffusion equation was marred by a technical mistake, the paper introduced concepts and methods that pervade much subsequent work in population genetics.","PeriodicalId":12706,"journal":{"name":"Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8893247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The wing imaginal disc 翅膀想象盘

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac020

B. Tripathi, K. Irvine

{"title":"The wing imaginal disc","authors":"B. Tripathi, K. Irvine","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyac020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Drosophila wing imaginal disc is a tissue of undifferentiated cells that are precursors of the wing and most of the notum of the adult fly. The wing disc first forms during embryogenesis from a cluster of ∼30 cells located in the second thoracic segment, which invaginate to form a sac-like structure. They undergo extensive proliferation during larval stages to form a mature larval wing disc of ∼35,000 cells. During this time, distinct cell fates are assigned to different regions, and the wing disc develops a complex morphology. Finally, during pupal stages the wing disc undergoes morphogenetic processes and then differentiates to form the adult wing and notum. While the bulk of the wing disc comprises epithelial cells, it also includes neurons and glia, and is associated with tracheal cells and muscle precursor cells. The relative simplicity and accessibility of the wing disc, combined with the wealth of genetic tools available in Drosophila, have combined to make it a premier system for identifying genes and deciphering systems that play crucial roles in animal development. Studies in wing imaginal discs have made key contributions to many areas of biology, including tissue patterning, signal transduction, growth control, regeneration, planar cell polarity, morphogenesis, and tissue mechanics.","PeriodicalId":12706,"journal":{"name":"Genetics","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43393039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

The 2021 Genetics Society of America Medal: Douglas Koshland 2021年美国遗传学会奖章:道格拉斯·科什兰

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-02-13 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab232

D. Koshland

引用次数: 0

MOET: a web-based gene set enrichment tool at the Rat Genome Database for multiontology and multispecies analyses MOET：大鼠基因组数据库中用于多本体和多物种分析的基于网络的基因集富集工具

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac005

M. Vedi, H. S. Nalabolu, Chien-Wei Lin, M. Hoffman, Jennifer R. Smith, K. Brodie, J. D. De Pons, W. Demos, A. Gibson, G. Hayman, M. L. Hill, M. Kaldunski, L. Lamers, S. Laulederkind, K. Thorat, J. Thota, M. Tutaj, M. Tutaj, Shur-Jen Wang, S. Zacher, M. Dwinell, A. Kwitek

{"title":"MOET: a web-based gene set enrichment tool at the Rat Genome Database for multiontology and multispecies analyses","authors":"M. Vedi, H. S. Nalabolu, Chien-Wei Lin, M. Hoffman, Jennifer R. Smith, K. Brodie, J. D. De Pons, W. Demos, A. Gibson, G. Hayman, M. L. Hill, M. Kaldunski, L. Lamers, S. Laulederkind, K. Thorat, J. Thota, M. Tutaj, M. Tutaj, Shur-Jen Wang, S. Zacher, M. Dwinell, A. Kwitek","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biological interpretation of a large amount of gene or protein data is complex. Ontology analysis tools are imperative in finding functional similarities through overrepresentation or enrichment of terms associated with the input gene or protein lists. However, most tools are limited by their ability to do ontology-specific and species-limited analyses. Furthermore, some enrichment tools are not updated frequently with recent information from databases, thus giving users inaccurate, outdated or uninformative data. Here, we present MOET or the Multi-Ontology Enrichment Tool (v.1 released in April 2019 and v.2 released in May 2021), an ontology analysis tool leveraging data that the Rat Genome Database (RGD) integrated from in-house expert curation and external databases including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI), The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), The Gene Ontology Resource, UniProt-GOA, and others. Given a gene or protein list, MOET analysis identifies significantly overrepresented ontology terms using a hypergeometric test and provides nominal and Bonferroni corrected P-values and odds ratios for the overrepresented terms. The results are shown as a downloadable list of terms with and without Bonferroni correction, and a graph of the P-values and number of annotated genes for each term in the list. MOET can be accessed freely from https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/enrichment/start.html.","PeriodicalId":12706,"journal":{"name":"Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43626824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Recombination, selection, and the evolution of tandem gene arrays 串联基因阵列的重组、选择和进化

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.26.477888

M. Otto, Yichen Zheng, T. Wiehe

{"title":"Recombination, selection, and the evolution of tandem gene arrays","authors":"M. Otto, Yichen Zheng, T. Wiehe","doi":"10.1101/2022.01.26.477888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.26.477888","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-gene families – immunity genes or sensory receptors, for instance – are often subject to diversifying selection. Allelic diversity may be favoured not only through balancing or frequency dependent selection at individual loci, but also by associating different alleles in multi copy gene families. Using a combination of analytical calculations and simulations, we explored a population genetic model of epistatic selection and unequal recombination, where a trade-off exists between the benefit of allelic diversity and the cost of copy abundance. Starting from the neutral case, where we showed that gene copy number is Gamma-distributed at equilibrium, we derived also mean and shape of the limiting distribution under selection. Considering a more general model which includes variable population size and population substructure, we explored by simulations mean fitness and some summary statistics of the copy number distribution. We determined the relative effects of selection, recombination and demographic parameters in maintaining allelic diversity and shaping mean fitness of a population. One way to control the variance of copy number is by lowering the rate of unequal recombination. Indeed, when encoding recombination by a rate modifier locus, we observe exactly this prediction. Finally, we analyzed the empirical copy number distribution of three genes in human and estimated recombination and selection parameters of our model.","PeriodicalId":12706,"journal":{"name":"Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

2021 GENETICS Reviewer Index 2021年遗传学审稿人索引

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab200

引用次数: 0

Selective Disruption of Drp1-Independent Mitophagy and Mitolysosome Trafficking by an Alzheimer's Disease Relevant Tau Modification in a Novel C. elegans Model. 在一种新的秀丽隐杆线虫模型中，与阿尔茨海默病相关的Tau修饰选择性地破坏了drp1独立的有丝分裂和有丝分裂酶体运输。

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1096882/v1

Sanjib Guha, Anson Cheng, Trae Carroll, Dennisha King, Shon Koren, Sierra Swords, Keith Nehrke, Gail V W Johnson

{"title":"Selective Disruption of Drp1-Independent Mitophagy and Mitolysosome Trafficking by an Alzheimer's Disease Relevant Tau Modification in a Novel C. elegans Model.","authors":"Sanjib Guha, Anson Cheng, Trae Carroll, Dennisha King, Shon Koren, Sierra Swords, Keith Nehrke, Gail V W Johnson","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1096882/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1096882/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulation of inappropriately phosphorylated tau into neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) is a defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with Tau pT231 being an early harbinger of tau pathology. Previously, we demonstrated that expressing a single genomic copy of human phosphomimetic mutant tau (T231E) in C. elegans drove age-dependent neurodegeneration. A critical finding was that T231E, unlike wild type tau, completely and selectively suppressed oxidative stress-induced mitophagy. Here, we used dynamic imaging approaches to analyze T231E-associated changes in mitochondria and mitolysosome (ML) morphology, abundance, trafficking, and stress-induced mitophagy as a function of mitochondrial fission mediator Drp1, which has been demonstrated to interact with hyper phosphorylated tau and contribute to AD pathogenesis, as well as Pink1, a well-recognized mediator of mitochondrial quality control that works together with Parkin to support stress-induced mitophagy. T231E impacted both mitophagy and ML neurite trafficking with exquisite selectivity, sparing macroautophagy as well as lysosome and autolysosome trafficking. Both oxidative-stress induced mitophagy and the ability of T231E to suppress it were independent of drp-1, but at least partially dependent on pink-1. Organelle trafficking was more complicated, with drp-1 and pink-1 mutants exerting independent effects, but generally supported the idea that the mitophagy phenotype is of greater physiologic impact in T231E. Collectively, our results refine the mechanistic pathway through which T231E causes neurodegeneration, demonstrating pathologic selectivity for mutations that mimic tauopathy-associated post-translational modifications, physiologic selectivity for organelles that contain damaged mitochondria, and molecular selectivity for Drp1-independent, Pink1-dependent, perhaps adaptive, mitophagy.","PeriodicalId":12706,"journal":{"name":"Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genomic evidence of paternal genome elimination in the globular springtail Allacma fusca 球状春尾Allacma fusca父系基因组消除的基因组证据

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2021-11-14 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.12.468426

K. Jaron, C. N. Hodson, J. Ellers, S. Baird, L. Ross

引用次数: 5

Neurogenesis in the adult Drosophila brain. 成年果蝇大脑中的神经发生。

IF 3.3 3区生物学

Genetics Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab092

Kassi L Crocker, Khailee Marischuk, Stacey A Rimkus, Hong Zhou, Jerry C P Yin, Grace Boekhoff-Falk

{"title":"Neurogenesis in the adult Drosophila brain.","authors":"Kassi L Crocker, Khailee Marischuk, Stacey A Rimkus, Hong Zhou, Jerry C P Yin, Grace Boekhoff-Falk","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyab092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab092","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's currently affect ∼25 million people worldwide. The global incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is estimated at ∼70 million/year. Both neurodegenerative diseases and TBI remain without effective treatments. We are utilizing adult Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the mechanisms of brain regeneration with the long-term goal of identifying targets for neural regenerative therapies. We specifically focused on neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of new cells, as opposed to the regrowth of specific subcellular structures such as axons. Like mammals, Drosophila have few proliferating cells in the adult brain. Nonetheless, within 24 hours of a penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) to the central brain, there is a significant increase in the number of proliferating cells. We subsequently detect both new glia and new neurons and the formation of new axon tracts that target appropriate brain regions. Glial cells divide rapidly upon injury to give rise to new glial cells. Other cells near the injury site upregulate neural progenitor genes including asense and deadpan and later give rise to the new neurons. Locomotor abnormalities observed after PTBI are reversed within 2 weeks of injury, supporting the idea that there is functional recovery. Together, these data indicate that adult Drosophila brains are capable of neuronal repair. We anticipate that this paradigm will facilitate the dissection of the mechanisms of neural regeneration and that these processes will be relevant to human brain repair.","PeriodicalId":12706,"journal":{"name":"Genetics","volume":"219 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8860384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39005779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7