串联基因阵列的重组、选择和进化

IF 3.3 3区 生物学
Genetics Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI:10.1101/2022.01.26.477888
M. Otto, Yichen Zheng, T. Wiehe
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引用次数: 6

摘要

多基因家族——例如免疫基因或感觉受体——经常受到多样化选择的影响。等位基因多样性不仅可以通过在单个基因座上进行平衡或频率依赖性选择,还可以通过在多拷贝基因家族中关联不同的等位基因。通过分析计算和模拟相结合,我们探索了上位选择和不平等重组的群体遗传模型,其中等位基因多样性的收益和拷贝丰度的成本之间存在权衡。从中性情况出发,我们证明了基因拷贝数在平衡时是伽玛分布的,我们还推导了在选择下极限分布的均值和形状。考虑到一个更通用的模型,包括可变种群规模和种群子结构,我们通过模拟平均适应度和一些拷贝数分布的汇总统计来探索。我们确定了选择、重组和人口统计学参数在保持等位基因多样性和形成群体平均适合度方面的相对影响。控制拷贝数变化的一种方法是降低不平等重组的速率。事实上,当用速率修饰基因座编码重组时,我们正好观察到了这一预测。最后,我们分析了三个基因在人类中的经验拷贝数分布,并估计了我们模型的重组和选择参数。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Recombination, selection, and the evolution of tandem gene arrays
Multi-gene families – immunity genes or sensory receptors, for instance – are often subject to diversifying selection. Allelic diversity may be favoured not only through balancing or frequency dependent selection at individual loci, but also by associating different alleles in multi copy gene families. Using a combination of analytical calculations and simulations, we explored a population genetic model of epistatic selection and unequal recombination, where a trade-off exists between the benefit of allelic diversity and the cost of copy abundance. Starting from the neutral case, where we showed that gene copy number is Gamma-distributed at equilibrium, we derived also mean and shape of the limiting distribution under selection. Considering a more general model which includes variable population size and population substructure, we explored by simulations mean fitness and some summary statistics of the copy number distribution. We determined the relative effects of selection, recombination and demographic parameters in maintaining allelic diversity and shaping mean fitness of a population. One way to control the variance of copy number is by lowering the rate of unequal recombination. Indeed, when encoding recombination by a rate modifier locus, we observe exactly this prediction. Finally, we analyzed the empirical copy number distribution of three genes in human and estimated recombination and selection parameters of our model.
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来源期刊
Genetics
Genetics 生物-遗传学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
6.10%
发文量
177
期刊介绍: GENETICS is published by the Genetics Society of America, a scholarly society that seeks to deepen our understanding of the living world by advancing our understanding of genetics. Since 1916, GENETICS has published high-quality, original research presenting novel findings bearing on genetics and genomics. The journal publishes empirical studies of organisms ranging from microbes to humans, as well as theoretical work. While it has an illustrious history, GENETICS has changed along with the communities it serves: it is not your mentor''s journal. The editors make decisions quickly – in around 30 days – without sacrificing the excellence and scholarship for which the journal has long been known. GENETICS is a peer reviewed, peer-edited journal, with an international reach and increasing visibility and impact. All editorial decisions are made through collaboration of at least two editors who are practicing scientists. GENETICS is constantly innovating: expanded types of content include Reviews, Commentary (current issues of interest to geneticists), Perspectives (historical), Primers (to introduce primary literature into the classroom), Toolbox Reviews, plus YeastBook, FlyBook, and WormBook (coming spring 2016). For particularly time-sensitive results, we publish Communications. As part of our mission to serve our communities, we''ve published thematic collections, including Genomic Selection, Multiparental Populations, Mouse Collaborative Cross, and the Genetics of Sex.
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