Neurogenesis in the adult Drosophila brain.

IF 3.3 3区 生物学
Genetics Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI:10.1093/genetics/iyab092
Kassi L Crocker, Khailee Marischuk, Stacey A Rimkus, Hong Zhou, Jerry C P Yin, Grace Boekhoff-Falk
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's currently affect ∼25 million people worldwide. The global incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is estimated at ∼70 million/year. Both neurodegenerative diseases and TBI remain without effective treatments. We are utilizing adult Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the mechanisms of brain regeneration with the long-term goal of identifying targets for neural regenerative therapies. We specifically focused on neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of new cells, as opposed to the regrowth of specific subcellular structures such as axons. Like mammals, Drosophila have few proliferating cells in the adult brain. Nonetheless, within 24 hours of a penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) to the central brain, there is a significant increase in the number of proliferating cells. We subsequently detect both new glia and new neurons and the formation of new axon tracts that target appropriate brain regions. Glial cells divide rapidly upon injury to give rise to new glial cells. Other cells near the injury site upregulate neural progenitor genes including asense and deadpan and later give rise to the new neurons. Locomotor abnormalities observed after PTBI are reversed within 2 weeks of injury, supporting the idea that there is functional recovery. Together, these data indicate that adult Drosophila brains are capable of neuronal repair. We anticipate that this paradigm will facilitate the dissection of the mechanisms of neural regeneration and that these processes will be relevant to human brain repair.

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成年果蝇大脑中的神经发生。
阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病目前影响着全世界约2500万人。全球创伤性脑损伤(TBI)的发病率估计为每年约7000万例。神经退行性疾病和TBI都没有有效的治疗方法。我们正在利用成年黑腹果蝇来研究大脑再生的机制,以确定神经再生治疗的长期目标。我们特别关注神经发生,即新细胞的产生,而不是特定亚细胞结构(如轴突)的再生。像哺乳动物一样,果蝇在成年后的大脑中几乎没有增殖细胞。尽管如此,在穿透性创伤性脑损伤(PTBI)到中央脑的24小时内,增殖细胞的数量显著增加。随后,我们检测到新的胶质细胞和新的神经元,以及针对适当大脑区域的新的轴突束的形成。神经胶质细胞在损伤后迅速分裂产生新的神经胶质细胞。损伤部位附近的其他细胞上调神经前体细胞基因,包括感觉和面无表情,随后产生新的神经元。PTBI后观察到的运动异常在损伤2周内逆转,支持功能恢复的观点。总之,这些数据表明,成年果蝇的大脑具有神经元修复能力。我们预计这种模式将有助于解剖神经再生的机制,这些过程将与人类大脑修复有关。
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来源期刊
Genetics
Genetics 生物-遗传学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
6.10%
发文量
177
期刊介绍: GENETICS is published by the Genetics Society of America, a scholarly society that seeks to deepen our understanding of the living world by advancing our understanding of genetics. Since 1916, GENETICS has published high-quality, original research presenting novel findings bearing on genetics and genomics. The journal publishes empirical studies of organisms ranging from microbes to humans, as well as theoretical work. While it has an illustrious history, GENETICS has changed along with the communities it serves: it is not your mentor''s journal. The editors make decisions quickly – in around 30 days – without sacrificing the excellence and scholarship for which the journal has long been known. GENETICS is a peer reviewed, peer-edited journal, with an international reach and increasing visibility and impact. All editorial decisions are made through collaboration of at least two editors who are practicing scientists. GENETICS is constantly innovating: expanded types of content include Reviews, Commentary (current issues of interest to geneticists), Perspectives (historical), Primers (to introduce primary literature into the classroom), Toolbox Reviews, plus YeastBook, FlyBook, and WormBook (coming spring 2016). For particularly time-sensitive results, we publish Communications. As part of our mission to serve our communities, we''ve published thematic collections, including Genomic Selection, Multiparental Populations, Mouse Collaborative Cross, and the Genetics of Sex.
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