International Relations and Political Philosophy最新文献_第3页

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0013

M. Wight

{"title":"Gain, Fear and Glory","authors":"M. Wight","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the three causes of war identified by Thucydides and his most eminent translator, Thomas Hobbes. Looking beyond the circumstantial occasions through which wars begin, the chief motives of belligerents have been to pursue material gains, to respond to fears, and to obtain glory and prestige for a doctrine. Wight calls ‘simple Thucydidean fear … the prime motive in international politics’ because it involves ‘a rational apprehension of contingent evil’, not simply ‘some unreasoning emotion’. Wight discusses how fear may be a cause of preventive war, and he labels the great difficulty of building trust between former adversaries ‘the Hobbesian predicament’. Wight defines this predicament as follows: ‘communities of honest and decent men, when they have suffered a long series of mutual injuries, and have a rational apprehension each that its own existence is at stake, and when moreover they live in inescapable juxtaposition, cannot transpose themselves into an attitude of mutual trust’. He also explores the tension between freedom and necessity: the circumstances at hand may seem to be tractable, with choices available between possible decisions and their likely consequences; yet the factors leading to war may prove inescapable.","PeriodicalId":126645,"journal":{"name":"International Relations and Political Philosophy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124665768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Popular Legitimacy 受欢迎的合法性

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0019

M. Wight

引用次数: 0

Correspondence about war in The Listener, October–November 1955 1955年10 - 11月《听众》中关于战争的信件

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0014

M. Wight

引用次数: 0

Dynastic Legitimacy 王朝的合法性

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0018

M. Wight

{"title":"Dynastic Legitimacy","authors":"M. Wight","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay Wight clarified the importance of dynastic legitimacy—that is, hereditary monarchy—in European history. In the Middle Ages and subsequent centuries, rulers were mainly princes who inherited their crowns. The principal exceptions were the leaders of republics, including Venice, Ragusa, Genoa, and Lucca in Italy; the Swiss confederation; and the United Provinces of the Low Countries. Dynastic principles included the theory that the ruler was chosen by God through hereditary succession, and that the monarch represented his or her subjects, notably with regard to the official religious denomination of the country. Such principles made dynastic marriages valuable means to provide heirs to the crown, to clarify succession to the throne, to consolidate alliances, to gain influence and wealth, and to legitimize territorial gains. Despite imprudent and egocentric behaviour by some royal leaders, monarchs were increasingly expected to pursue national rather than personal dynastic interests. After the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna reaffirmed dynastic principles of legitimacy, including in Venice and the Netherlands; the Swiss confederation was a conspicuous exception. Dynastic rulers have, however, tended to become symbols and instruments of national unity and self-determination. Popular support for dynastic houses has in many cases led to popular legitimacy for constitutional monarchies.","PeriodicalId":126645,"journal":{"name":"International Relations and Political Philosophy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123417842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of Hugh Ross Williamson, Charles and Cromwell (London: Duckworth, 1946) 《休·罗斯·威廉姆森、查尔斯和克伦威尔评论》(伦敦:达克沃斯出版社，1946年)

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0023

M. Wight

引用次数: 0

Kaplan’s System and Process 卡普兰的系统和过程

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0008

M. Wight

引用次数: 0