International Relations and Political Philosophy最新文献_第2页

Review of J. L. Talmon, Political Messianism: The Romantic Phase (London: Secker & Warburg, 1960) 《政治弥赛亚主义:浪漫主义阶段》(伦敦:Secker & Warburg出版社，1960)

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0029

M. Wight

引用次数: 0

Three Questions of Methodology 方法论的三个问题

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0005

M. Wight

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The Idea of Just War 正义战争的理念

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0011

M. Wight

{"title":"The Idea of Just War","authors":"M. Wight","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"In this note Wight describes pendulum swings in opinion about the requirements of justice in war in Western civilization since the Middle Ages. Medieval Catholicism emphasized the righteousness of the ruler’s cause and asserted orthodoxy against infidels or heretics. Prominent writers on international law in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Gentili, Grotius, and Vattel) marked a shift toward secularization and rationalism (with both sides usually able to claim justice) and restraint in the laws of war governing the methods of combat. Moser’s study of international law, published in 1777–1780, was representative of an ‘age of positivism’ (1763–1918) in which all sovereign states had a right to resort to war or to remain neutral, while codifying obligations concerning the conduct of war. The Covenant of the League of Nations, signed in 1919, initiated a return to restrictions on the right to resort to war, reinforced by the 1928 Kellogg–Briand Pact, also known as the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy, which was upheld by the Nuremberg Tribunals. The Covenant ruled out aggression as unjust, while action in defence of the Covenant would be just by enforcing collective security. The Soviet Union reintroduced Holy War with its view of the Great Patriotic War (World War II) and the Cold War as just causes that advanced Communist revolutionary objectives. Counter-force strategies of nuclear deterrence may be regarded as strengthening restraint in the methods of war, compared to counter-value or ‘anti-city’ approaches.","PeriodicalId":126645,"journal":{"name":"International Relations and Political Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133216468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Review of Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d’état and its Place in Modern History (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957) 评述弗里德里希·迈内克:《马基雅维利主义:关于<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>的理由的学说及其在现代历史中的地位》(伦敦:劳特利奇和基根·保罗出版社，1957年)

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0025

M. Wight

{"title":"Review of Friedrich Meinecke, Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d’état and its Place in Modern History (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1957)","authors":"M. Wight","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Wight praised Meinecke’s Die Idee der Staatsräson, translated as Machiavellism: The Doctrine of Raison d’état and its Place in Modern History, as ‘by any odds the most important and enduring book on international relations published in the 1920s, and perhaps between the wars’. It is, Wight wrote, ‘an essay in the historiography of human thought, a study of how Machiavelli’s principles infiltrated into European statecraft, how thinkers and politicians who most strenuously repudiated him found it necessary to borrow from him, and how the idea of raison d’état developed to guide the greatest statesmen from Richelieu to Bismarck, until it was swamped by the ignorant popular passions of 1918’. Meinecke was preoccupied, Wight observed, with (in Meinecke’s words) ‘that tragic duality which came into historical life through the medium of Machiavellism—that indivisible and fateful combination of poison and curative power which it contained’. Moreover, Wight added, the tension between ‘necessity’ and ‘moral traditions’ has been recognized by some statesmen ‘as the central experience of international politics’. Wight noted that ‘Meinecke, despite his honourable retirement under the Nazis, was infected with the German heresy of idealizing State power and fatalistically abdicating personal responsibility. … Yet it was easier for a Burckhardt or an Acton, in the security of nineteenth-century Switzerland or Britain, to condemn power as evil without qualification.’","PeriodicalId":126645,"journal":{"name":"International Relations and Political Philosophy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128459639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Introduction: Martin Wight and the Political Philosophy of International Relations 《马丁·怀特与国际关系的政治哲学》

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0001

M. Wight

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Review of Raymond Aron, Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations translated by Richard Howard and Annette Baker Fox (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967) 《和平与战争:国际关系理论》，理查德·霍华德、安妮特·贝克·福克斯译(伦敦:Weidenfeld and Nicolson出版社，1967年)

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0030

M. Wight

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The Balance of Power in The World in March 1939 《世界均势》，1939年3月

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0007

M. Wight

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Review of E. H. Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939 (London: Macmillan, 1946) e·h·卡尔:《二十年危机，1919-1939》(伦敦:麦克米伦出版社，1946)

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0024

M. Wight

{"title":"Review of E. H. Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939 (London: Macmillan, 1946)","authors":"M. Wight","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Carr relies on an antithesis: ‘Every political situation contains mutually incompatible elements of Utopia and reality, of morality and power.’ Carr provides ‘the most comprehensive modern restatement, other than Marxist or Fascist, of the Hobbesian view of politics. It is from politics that both morality and law derive their authority. For Hobbes, the kingdom of the fairies was the Roman Catholic Church, seducing mankind with its enchantments. For Professor Carr, it is the League of Nations, which is no other than the ghost of the deceased Pax Britannica.’ Carr’s tome is ‘the one lasting intellectual monument of the policy of appeasement’. The first edition, published in 1939, praised Chamberlain’s policy as ‘a reaction of realism against Utopianism’, and defended the 1938 Munich agreement whereby Britain, France, Germany, and Italy agreed to the cession to Berlin of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. In the 1946 second edition ‘these passages are omitted’, Wight notes. ‘Wielding the realist critique at the expense of the moral critique, it is natural that Professor Carr should have moved since 1939 from support of collaboration with Germany to support of collaboration with Russia. But the Teheran–Yalta theory of world relationships is itself being swept from present realism into past Utopianism.’ In Wight’s view, ‘The student could have no better introduction to the fundamental problems of politics, provided always that he reads it side by side with Mr. Leonard Woolf’s deadly reply in “The War for Peace”.’","PeriodicalId":126645,"journal":{"name":"International Relations and Political Philosophy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123378086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Note on Conquest and Cession 关于征服和割让的注解

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0021

M. Wight

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Review of Kenneth W. Thompson, Political Realism and the Crisis of World Politics: An American Approach to Foreign Policy (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1960) 肯尼斯·w·汤普森:《政治现实主义与世界政治危机:美国的外交政策》(普林斯顿，新泽西州:普林斯顿大学出版社)伦敦，牛津大学出版社，1960)

International Relations and Political Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0028

M. Wight

引用次数: 0