Gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Sarcopenia Is Poorly Documented in Geriatric Rehabilitation Inpatients: Restoring Health of Acutely Unwell Adults (RESORT).","authors":"Thang Dao, Cheng Hwee Soh, Esmee M Reijnierse, Lihuan Guan, Andrea B Maier","doi":"10.1159/000543620","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older inpatients. However, it is unclear if sarcopenia is documented routinely in geriatric rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the documentation of sarcopenia in medical records among geriatric rehabilitation patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Geriatric rehabilitation inpatients in a statewide hospital in VIC, Australia, were included. Patient characteristics, muscle measurements, and medical records at admission and discharge were collected. Sarcopenia was defined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Patient characteristics were compared between the groups with documented and non-documented sarcopenia using the Wilcoxon rank-sum or chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,890 geriatric rehabilitation inpatients (aged 83.4 [interquartile range: 77.6-88.4] years, 56.3% female), muscle measurements were available in 1,334 patients at admission. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.8% (n = 278). Sarcopenia was documented in 68 out of 1,890 patients; 23 of them did not have muscle mass or muscle strength measured. Forty-five patients with muscle measurements available were documented with sarcopenia either at discharge from acute admissions (n = 9), on rehabilitation admission (n = 25), or at discharge from rehabilitation (n = 26). Of these 45 patients, 8 patients had sarcopenia following the EWGSOP2 criteria. Compared with patients without sarcopenia documented, patients documented with sarcopenia had lower body mass index and sarcopenia screening (Strength, Assistance in Walking, Rise from a Chair, Climb Stairs, Falls History [SARC-F]) scores and higher Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores and were likely to come from nursing homes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Documentation of sarcopenia was lower than the prevalence of sarcopenia in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients. Sarcopenia was incorrectly documented as data on muscle measurement were missing to define sarcopenia. Practitioners likely used clinical impressions to document sarcopenia, rather than the formal diagnostic criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":"71 3","pages":"203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Younger and Older Adults' Aging Well Construals: A Quantitative Word Use and Topics Comparison.","authors":"Valeria A Pfeifer, Kayden Jordan, Trish Davis, Matthew D Grilli, Matthias R Mehl","doi":"10.1159/000545481","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individuals' construals of aging capture how they think of aging, and what aging well means to them. Assessing such construals is important for understanding attitudes toward aging and, ultimately, how to tailor personalized aging well interventions to an individual.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 100 younger adults (YAs)' and 92 older adults (OAs)' spoken narratives of what aging well means to them using two language analysis approaches, closed-vocabulary, word count analysis via Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and open-vocabulary, word co-occurrence analysis via topic modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YAs' and OAs' spoken narratives differed in both word and topic use. YAs used more words related to physical aspects, more tentative language, and expressed themselves via higher status language (clout), while OAs used authentic language, i-talk, and words related to work, home, family, and religion. Topic modeling complemented the LIWC analyses and showed that YAs primarily discussed topics of bodily and cognitive decline and strategies of preventing aging, conveying concerns about, and negative stereotypes of aging. OAs topicalized family reflections, openness to new experiences, and their social engagement, signaling a more positive outlook on (continued) aging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our complimentary word count and word co-occurrence language analyses of aging well construals revealed stark differences between YAs' and OAs' perceptions of aging well, which raise important questions about intergenerational exchanges and communications about aging more broadly. Further, we found that aging construals of OAs are useful for estimating their future outlook, an important aspect of resilience against cognitive decline and possible entry point for targeted precision aging interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":"71 5","pages":"388-399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Alters the Sense of Force but Not the Sense of Position in the Wrist and Ankle Joints.","authors":"Mélanie Henry, Stéphane Baudry","doi":"10.1159/000542869","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The impact of aging on proprioceptive senses remains an open question. As the senses of position and force may rely on different neural substrates, we investigated the effect of aging on both senses to provide original and more comprehensive data on age-related changes in proprioception.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The senses of position and force were assessed in several conditions using position- and force-reproduction tasks in young (20-40 years) and older (60-90 years) adults in the wrist (experiment 1, n = 41, 20 older adults) and ankle joints (experiment 2, n = 46, 24 older adults).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both experiments, older adults exhibited larger force-reproduction errors than young adults at low (5% maximal force, p < 0.001) but not moderate forces (20% maximal force, p > 0.056). No age-related decline was observed for position-reproduction errors (p > 0.30), regardless of movement amplitude. Rare weak-to-moderate correlations were observed between position- and force-reproduction errors (r ≤ 0.53, p ≥ 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In wrist and ankle joints, the age-related decline in proprioception is limited to the sense of force, especially for low forces. This nonuniform decline in proprioception across proprioceptive senses and testing conditions could reflect a decline in the central processing of proprioceptive information.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":"71 2","pages":"100-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol of the 10-Year Longitudinal Amersfoort Cohort Study on Functional Decline, Healthy Aging, and Frailty (AMCOHF) in a Community-Dwelling Older Population.","authors":"Dax Houtkamp, Sabrina Chettouf, Bart C Bongers, Albert Van de Wiel, Peter Van Roy, Patrick Schrama, David Beckwée, Willy H A M Smeets, Ivan Bautmans, Annelies L Pool-Goudzwaard","doi":"10.1159/000546943","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frailty, characterized by a reduction in intrinsic capacity across multiple physiological systems, is a key concern in healthy aging. Insight in the trajectory of an individual's functional ability and intrinsic reserve capacity in a relatively younger population of older adults is lacking. This study aims to investigate the early stages of frailty by tracking trajectories of physical indicators of intrinsic capacity before frailty becomes clinically evident.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The AMersfoort COhort study on functional decline, Healthy aging and Frailty (AMCOHF) is a unique 10-year prospective cohort study evaluating the predictive value of longitudinal trajectories of physical parameters for frailty onset or robustness maintenance. An a-select community-dwelling robust population of Amersfoort (55-75 years) in the Netherlands will undergo baseline assessments for inclusion criteria and will be followed longitudinally every 2.5 years. Frailty status is assessed using the Fried phenotype, Rockwood frailty index, and Groningen frailty indicator. Testing procedures and questionnaire completion include physical performance tests in the domains: (1) musculoskeletal system, (2) articular system, (3) cardiorespiratory system, (4) sensory system, (5) immune system, and 6) uro-gynecological system. Study outcomes focus on intrinsic capacity, functional ability, explanatory data, and frailty. Statistical analyses evaluating the predictive capacity include logistic regression, confirmatory factor or latent class analysis, and structural equation modeling. Nonprobability convenience sampling recruits 2,078 robust participants, estimating a 1-year frailty incidence of 1.5%-6.0%. Ethical approval was obtained, and the trial is prospectively registered on Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/RMBQV).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AMCOHF study will contribute to knowledge about markers to predict an accelerated decline in intrinsic capacity in an early stage. This knowledge is important to deploy prevention strategies at an earlier stage in life then those currently undertaken, ultimately reducing healthcare costs and contributing to a healthy aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"923-937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12622989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Beliefs for Older Adults and Volunteering Intentions.","authors":"Maria Wirth, Clara de Paula Couto, Helene Hoi-Lam Fung, Maria Konstantinovna Pavlova, Klaus Rothermund","doi":"10.1159/000543917","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The idea that older adults should contribute to the common good has become a social normative belief (i.e., social activation). Younger and - even more so - older adults prescribe social activation to the group of older adults. Older adults are assumed to behave in line with what is socially expected of them. However, previous studies did not establish a link between the old-age norm of social activation and older adults' social engagement. Following the reasoning of stereotype embodiment theory, we investigated the role of self-endorsement of social activation for older adults' social engagement (i.e., formal volunteering).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two preregistered experiments in which older participants (60-90 years, N = 1,463) reflected on agreeing or disagreeing with the norm of social activation. We then assessed endorsement of social activation and intention to engage in formal volunteering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replicating our previous studies, participants who reflected on agreement with the norm of social activation reported higher endorsement of this norm compared to participants who reflected on disagreement. Endorsing the norm of social activation for (other) older adults translated into endorsing social activation for oneself (internalization). Furthermore, reflecting on agreement with social activation was indirectly related to volunteering intention via endorsement of self-related social activation (embodiment).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings elucidate the role of societal normative beliefs for older adults' behavior and offer insights into the discourse on the continued social participation of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":"71 4","pages":"321-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Muscle Strength of the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hamed Zarei, Ali Asghar Norasteh, Mohamad Mottaghitalab, Michael W Ertel, Ali Brian","doi":"10.1159/000546922","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this systematic review is to examine the impact of virtual reality training (VRT) on muscle strength among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary sources were gathered from four databases: PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. The search timeframe extended from the inception of these databases up to February 1, 2025. Standardized mean differences, weighted mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using either random or fixed models for the outcomes assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the screening process, 38 studies involving a total of 1,280 participants were included in the systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that VRT increased upper-body muscle strength (1.89 [95% CI: 0.65 to 3.13], p = 0.003), lower-body muscle strength (0.68 [95% CI: 0.46 to 0.91], p = 0.001), and handgrip (0.45 [95% CI: 0.26 to 0.63], p = 0.001). Additionally, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between VRT and traditional training (TT) on lower-body muscle strength (0.04 [95% CI: -0.26 to 0.36), p = 0.75) and handgrip (0.06 [95% CI: -0.11 to 0.24], p = 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that VRT has a positive effect on the muscle strength of all three parts of the lower limb, upper limb, and HG. Also, comparing VRT with TT, no significant difference was observed between these two types of training.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"623-648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity Analysis of Associations Involving the Large-Scale Online MindCrowd Survey Memory Test.","authors":"Nivedita Bhadra, Janith Don, Matt De Both, Megan Johnson, Saurabh Sharma, Darian Chambers, Matt Huentelman, Nicholas J Schork","doi":"10.1159/000547666","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547666","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRDs), as well as general age-related cognitive decline, are known to be multifactorial with heterogeneous etiologies. Identifying and accommodating heterogeneity in any one ADRD-related data set can be pursued using different analytical techniques, each with different assumptions or purposes. For example, whereas a great deal of research has explored clustering individuals or variables that exhibit greater similarity in some way, little research has explored evidence for heterogeneity in the relationships between relevant outcomes, such as performance on a memory test, and risk factors such as environmental exposures, behaviors, or genetic factors among individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We explored evidence of heterogeneity in the relationships between ability on a memory test, specifically the paired associate learning (PAL) test, and multiple social and demographic risk factors using the large MindCrowd study database (n &gt; 90,000 individuals). We focused on mixtures of regression models but compared models assuming many interaction effects among independent variables as well as random effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We ultimately find substantial evidence for heterogeneity and offer an intuitive explanation for it involving individual motivation for participating in the MindCrowd study. Basically, we argue that our mixture of regression model analysis results suggest that a smaller group of individuals (∼16%) likely participated in the MindCrowd study out of a concern for their cognitive abilities as they exhibit stronger and statistically significant negative associations between age, number of medications they are on, some ancestries, and the number correct on the PAL test. They also exhibit stronger positive associations between education and PAL test results in a dose-dependent manner suggesting that a \"cognitive reserve\" associated with greater education could benefit them. Analysis models assuming interaction terms and random effects suggested that other forms of heterogeneity in the relationships between variables exist in the data set, but their results do not carry with them the same intuitive explanation that the results of the mixture model analyses do.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We find evidence for heterogeneity in the relationships between social and demographic variables and PAL test results in the large MindCrowd study database. This heterogeneity is likely due to individuals with and without concerns for their cognitive abilities participating in the study. We also find other types of evidence in the data set. Our results should motivate caution in the use of large epidemiological study or survey-oriented data sets to build predictive models of clinical or subclinical pathologies without exploring or accommodating heterogeneity. Our results also suggest that one should include questions about motivation to participate in l","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"823-834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Data for Multi-Site and Multi-Modal Brain Imaging Studies: For Measuring Brain Iron and Its Changes with Age.","authors":"Christa Sonderer, Chidi Ugonna, Kevin Johnson, Lee Ryan, Theodore P Trouard, Nan-Kuei Chen","doi":"10.1159/000546852","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a valuable tool for measuring brain iron and its changes with age. However, multi-site QSM studies face challenges: (1) it is difficult to precisely align brain atlas to an individual's anatomy (for region of interest [ROI]-based analysis) and (2) it is unknown whether the choice of QSM algorithm impacts multi-site analyses. This study leverages data from over 500 individuals across four study sites to investigate the impact of ROI on QSM consistency across sites and evaluate site-to-site variability and bias in 16 QSM processing pipelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained susceptibility maps using 16 QSM pipelines. ROI-analysis was performed using 14 cortical and sub-cortical ROIs from the AAL3, and refined ROIs based on AAL3 and multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging data. For each ROI and pipeline, between-site variance was performed via one-way analysis of variance, and correlation between mean susceptibility and age was computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data show that the QSM results obtained from multi-site studies vary depending on the QSM processing pipeline. Background field removal algorithm and reference tissue for magnetic susceptibility normalization impacted the consistency of QSM measures across sites and were differentially impacted by site-to-site variability. The consistency of ROI-based QSM measures across study sites was not greatly impacted by ROI. Regardless of QSM processing pipelines, correlation between susceptibility and age was largely consistent within non-cortical brain regions (except the substantia nigra and red nucleus) and was not significantly impacted by site-to-site variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The selection of QSM reconstruction pipelines impacts results obtained from multi-site studies, indicating the importance of harmonizing QSM pipelines when interpreting susceptibility measures across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":"71 9","pages":"734-754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis.","authors":"Edoardo Mocini, Claudia Piciocchi, Giuseppe Defeudis, Silvia Migliaccio","doi":"10.1159/000546501","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common age-related conditions that frequently coexist, forming a syndrome known as osteosarcopenia. Sarcopenia is defined by the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, while osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and altered bone quality. Together, they significantly increase the risk of falls, fractures, and functional decline in older adults.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Osteosarcopenia arises from shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, and nutritional deficiencies. These factors contribute to a cycle of musculoskeletal deterioration. In addition to systemic pathways, local muscle-bone crosstalk mediated by myokines and osteokines plays a critical role. Management requires a comprehensive approach. Nutritional interventions such as adequate protein, calcium, and vitamin D intake, along with anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, support musculoskeletal health. Resistance and weight-bearing exercises are essential to maintain muscle and bone mass. Pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis include bisphosphonates, denosumab, and anabolic agents, while investigational therapies for sarcopenia, such as selective androgen receptor modulators and myostatin inhibitors, offer potential benefits.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Sarcopenia and osteoporosis share risk factors and often coexist in older adults. Early diagnosis and integrated treatment strategies are essential. Nutrition, exercise, and pharmacologic interventions can mitigate the burden of osteosarcopenia. A combined approach is more effective than treating each condition separately and may reduce falls and improve quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"649-655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Different Motor Learning Paradigms for Improving Balance Recovery Abilities among Older Adults: Random versus Block Training - A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.","authors":"Hadas Nachmani, Inbal Paran, Moti Salti, Ilan Shelef, Noam Margalit, Michael Schwenk, Itshak Melzer","doi":"10.1159/000546907","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Older adults can reduce the risk of falls after participation in a perturbation-based balance training (PBBT). We aimed to compare two perturbation motor learning paradigms: random versus block practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty community-dwelling older adults were recruited and randomly allocated to a random PBBT group (n = 8), participants were exposed to unannounced perturbations in multiple directions during each training session, or a block PBBT group (n = 12) participants experienced perturbations from a single during every training session during treadmill walking. Both groups received eight training sessions over a 4-week period that included a concurrent cognitive task during training. Primary outcome measures were parameters of reactive stepping, i.e., step thresholds in walking and kinematics of reactive stepping during walking, and secondary outcome measures were proactive balance, i.e., voluntary step test and cognitive performance. All outcomes were measured before and after PBBT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both PBBT groups improved their ability to cope with higher perturbations post-training and a reduction in center of mass path displacement during the recovery after the perturbation in walking. No improvement was found in voluntary stepping post-training; both groups, however, showed improvement in cognitive performance post-training.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results show some improvements in reactive stepping performance but not in proactive voluntary stepping in both random and block PBBT methods, with no superiority of one training method over the other. Some improvements in cognitive performance in both groups suggest a transfer effect post-training, regardless of training method. Given the small sample size, results are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"692-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}