Gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and the Risk of Incident Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.","authors":"Weihao Xu, Anying Bai, Yuanfeng Liang, Zhanyi Lin","doi":"10.1159/000535082","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiologic studies have indicated an association of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a pre-dementia stage characterized by the presence of cognitive complaints and a slow gait, with increased risk of incident dementia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to clarify this association using meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to December 2022 for relevant studies that investigated the association between MCR and incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The random-effects model was used to determine a pooled-effect estimate of the association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified seven articles that corresponded with nine cohort studies investigating the association between MCR and the risk of dementia. Pooled analysis showed that MCR was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident all-cause dementia (HR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.90-2.73) and AD (HR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.61-2.61). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no evidence that individual studies influenced the pooled-effect estimate, verifying the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm that MCR is an independent risk factor of incident all-cause dementia and AD. Future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"479-490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sertraline Promotes Health and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans.","authors":"Yu Liang, Yiming Zhou, Can Zhou, Xinqi Cai, Li Liu, Fang Wei, Guolin Li","doi":"10.1159/000536227","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While several antidepressants have been identified as potential geroprotectors, the effect and mechanism of sertraline on healthspan remain to be elucidated. Here, we explored the role of sertraline in the lifespan and healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The optimal effect concentration of sertraline was first screened in wild-type N2 worms under heat stress conditions. Then, we examined the effects of sertraline on lifespan, reproduction, lipofuscin accumulation, mobility, and stress resistance. Finally, the expression of serotonin signaling and aging-related genes was investigated to explore the underlying mechanism, and the lifespan assays were performed in ser-7 RNAi strain, daf-2, daf-16, and aak-2 mutants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sertraline extended the lifespan in C. elegans with concomitant extension of healthspan as indicated by increasing mobility and reducing fertility and lipofuscin accumulation, as well as enhanced resistance to different abiotic stresses. Mechanistically, ser-7 orchestrated sertraline-induced longevity via the regulation of insulin and AMPK pathways, and sertraline-induced lifespan extension in nematodes was abolished in ser-7 RNAi strain, daf-2, daf-16, and aak-2 mutants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sertraline promotes health and longevity in C. elegans through ser-7-insulin/AMPK pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"408-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Aging among a Population-Based Cohort Is Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes and Sex-Specific Differences among Older Adults.","authors":"Fei Gao, Ru-San Tan, Louis L Y Teo, See Hooi Ewe, Woon-Puay Koh, Kelvin B Tan, Angela S Koh","doi":"10.1159/000536050","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite growing calls to tackle aging-related cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of detecting early diastolic dysfunction such as those observed in aging, prior to clinical disease, is of unclear clinical benefit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Myocardial function determined by echocardiography was examined in association with incident cardiovascular outcomes or all-cause death by Cox proportional hazards model. Sex-based differences in outcomes were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 956 participants (mean age 63 ± 12.9 years, n = 424 males [44%]) were categorized based on mitral peak early-to-late diastolic filling velocity (E/A) ratios: E/A &lt;0.8 (28%), E/A 0.8-1.2 (39%), E/A (29%), E/A &gt;2.0 (4%). Incidence rate (IR) for non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes was 2.83 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.24-3.56) and 0.45 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.26-0.80) for all-cause death. Event-free survival from non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes was significantly different among E/A categories (log-rank p = 0.0269). E/A &lt;0.8 (HR 1.80, 95% CI: 1.031, 3.14, p = 0.039) was associated with non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Among men, IR for cardiovascular outcomes was 3.56 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.62-4.84) and 0.75 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.39-1.44) for all-cause death. Among women, IR for cardiovascular outcomes was 2.22 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.56-3.16) and 0.21 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.067-0.64) for all-cause death. For E/A &lt;0.8 category, women had significantly higher risks of non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes, compared to E/A 0.8-1.2 category (HR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.23, p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Myocardial aging was an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in community-dwelling older adults prior to clinical CVD. Impaired myocardial relaxation was prevalent in both sexes but associated with worse outcomes in women, suggestive of sex differences in age-related biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"368-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000540456","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Painting a Clearer Picture by Measuring the Quadriceps Muscle with Ultrasound.","authors":"Ahmad J Abdulsalam, Pelin Analay, Murat Kara","doi":"10.1159/000540995","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1148-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Daily Stressors, Health, and Affective Responses among Older Adults: The Moderating Effect of Age.","authors":"Shira Peleg, Miriam Wallimann, Theresa Pauly","doi":"10.1159/000540476","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reactivity to daily stressors may change as a function of stressor type and age. However, prior research often excludes older adults or compares them to younger age groups (e.g., younger and middle-aged adults). Recognizing older adults as a heterogeneous population with shifting motivations, this study focused on individuals aged ≥65 years and tested age differences in associations between different types of daily stressors, affect, and physical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 108 older adults aged 65-92 years (M = 73.11, SD = 5.92; 58% women) completed daily dairy questionnaires on daily stressors, positive and negative affect, and physical symptoms for 14 consecutive days. Multilevel models were employed, adjusting for sex, age, education, living situation, and day-in-study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed age-dependent variations in the associations between daily stressors and affect and physical symptoms. Specifically, external stressors (e.g., finance and traffic stressors) and health stressors were more strongly associated with daily affective states and with overall physical symptoms (respectively) among older age adults. Age did not moderate associations between social stressors and affect or physical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the heterogeneous nature of older adults' responses to daily stressors based on stressor type and age. Specifically, the oldest-old might benefit from personalized support for dealing with challenges such as health and financial stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1213-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling Stereotypes towards Older Age Groups: Evidence from Factorial Survey Experiments in China and the USA.","authors":"Chunyan Mai, Dan Chen, Francisco Olivos, Amber X Chen","doi":"10.1159/000534680","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Older adults are usually perceived as warmer but less competent than younger adults. This study examined how these stereotypes are related to domain-specific attributes and how individuals' values may moderate the association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 560 Chinese participants (mean age [SD]: 23.14 ± 7.08 years old, ranging from 18 to 60 years old) and 479 American participants (mean age [SD]: 31.37 ± 7.19 years old, ranging from 18 to 57 years old). Participants rated perceived warmth and competence of older adults based on vignettes with varying descriptions of specific domains (i.e., three relational domains: number of friends, family relationship quality, and engagement in neighbourhood activities; and three individualistic domains: income, depression, and memory) and personal attributes (i.e., gender, age, and independence).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Firstly, the results showed that relational domains predict warmth, whereas individualistic domains predict competence in both samples from China and the USA. Secondly, in both samples, people with higher communal values attributed more relevance to relational domains on judgement of warmth. Lastly, only in the US sample did people with higher agentic values attribute more relevance to individualistic domains on judgement of competence.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that personal values, when determined relatively, contribute to stereotypes of older adults in the two independent samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"210-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Education and Cognitive Performance Varies at Different Levels of Cognitive Performance: A Quantile Regression Approach.","authors":"Johan Rehnberg, Martijn Huisman, Stefan Fors, Anna Marseglia, Almar Kok","doi":"10.1159/000535717","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Educational differences in cognitive performance among older adults are well documented. Studies that explore this association typically estimate a single average effect of education on cognitive performance. We argue that the processes that contribute to the association between education and cognitive performance are unlikely to have equal effects at all levels of cognitive performance. In this study, we employ an analytical approach that enables us to go beyond averages to examine the association between education and five measures of global and domain-specific cognitive performance across the outcome distributions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1,780 older adults aged 58-68 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Conditional quantile regression was used to examine variation across the outcome distribution. Cognitive outcomes included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, crystallized intelligence, information processing speed, episodic memory, and a composite score of global cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the associations between education and different cognitive measures varied across the outcome distributions. Specifically, we found that education had a stronger association with crystallized intelligence, MMSE, and a composite cognitive performance measure in the lower tail of performance distributions. The associations between education and information processing speed and episodic memory were uniform across the outcome distributions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Larger associations between education and some domains of cognitive performance in the lower tail of the performance distributions imply that inequalities are primarily generated among individuals with lower performance rather than among average and high performers. Additionally, the varying associations across some of the outcome distributions indicate that estimating a single average effect through standard regression methods may overlook variations in cognitive performance between educational groups. Future studies should consider heterogeneity across the outcome distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138800663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Loneliness, Social Inactivity, and Social Isolation: Associations with Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality among Home-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Laura J Rautiainen, Anu H Jansson, Mia Knuutila, Ulla L Aalto, Annika Kolster, Hannu Kautiainen, Timo E Strandberg, Kaisu H Pitkala","doi":"10.1159/000540345","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation are intertwined concepts. When assessed separately, they indicate poor well-being, adverse health effects, and increased mortality. Studies exploring overlapping and comparing the prognosis of these concepts are scarce. We investigated (1) overlapping of concepts of loneliness, social inactivity, and social isolation, (2) characteristics of groups: group 0 (not lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated), group 1 (lonely), group 2 (not lonely but socially inactive and/or socially isolated), and (3) the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological well-being (PWB), and 3.6-year mortality of these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The home-dwelling older adults (n = 989; 75 y+) of the Helsinki Aging Study in 2019-2022 completing all required questionnaires were assessed. Group 0 included 494, group 1 included 280, and group 2 included 215 participants. Variables studied were demographics, diagnoses, mobility, physical functioning (Barthel index), and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination). Outcomes were HRQoL (15D) and PWB. Mortality was retrieved from central registers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Half of the sample was lonely, socially inactive, or socially isolated, but only 2% were simultaneously lonely, socially inactive, and socially isolated. Of lonely participants, 38% were also socially inactive and/or socially isolated. The lonely participants were significantly more often widowed or lived alone and had the lowest HRQoL and poorest PWB compared with the other groups. After adjustments (age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index), mortality did not statistically differ between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Loneliness is an independent determinant of poor HRQoL and PWB, and it should be considered separately from social inactivity and social isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1103-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibronectin/α5 Integrin Contribute to Hypertension-Associated Arterial Ageing and Calcification through Affecting BMP2/MGP Imbalance and Enhancing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transformation.","authors":"Xiaoyun Shi, Siduo Zhang, Jinghui Li, Yilang Ke, Yajing Bai","doi":"10.1159/000539399","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension can accelerate and aggravate the process of arterial ageing and calcification. However, the mechanism behind has yet to be well elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we monitored the dynamic changes of fibronectin (FN)/α5 integrin, bone morphogenetic protein 2/matrix Gla protein (BMP2/MGP), and Runx2 in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), also the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs during the process of arterial ageing and calcification. Further, study on arterial ageing and calcification through antagonist experiments at the molecular level was explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found extracellular FN and its α5 integrin receptor expressions were positively associated with arterial ageing and calcification in SHR during ageing, as well in VSMCs from SHR in vitro. Integrin receptor inhibitor of GRGDSP would delay this arterial ageing and calcification process. Moreover, the elevated FN and α5 integrin receptor expression evoked the disequilibrium of BMP2/MGP, where the expression of BMP2, a potent osteogenic inducer, increased while MGP, a calcification inhibitor, decreased. Furthermore, it was followed by the upregulation of Runx2 and the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from the contractile phenotype into the osteoblast-like cells. Notably, BMP2 antagonist of rmNoggin was sufficient to ameliorate the ageing and calcification process of VSMCs and exogenous BMP2-adding accelerate and aggregate the process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that hypertension-associated arterial ageing and calcification might be a consequence that hypertension up-regulated FN and its high binding affinity integrin α5 receptor in the aortic wall, which in turn aggravated the imbalance of BMP2/MGP, promoted the transcription of Runx2, and induced the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from the contractile phenotype into the osteoblast-like cells. Our study would provide insights into hypertension-associated arterial ageing and calcification and shed new light on the control of arterial calcification, especially for those with hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"858-875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}