Gerontology最新文献

{"title":"MindCrowd-Expanded: An online multi-domain assessment of cognitive aging.","authors":"Lee Ryan, Matthew D De Both, Megan Johnson, Siobhan M Hoscheidt, Saurabh Sharma, Darian Chambers, Stephanie Matijevic, Matthew Huentelman","doi":"10.1159/000547246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous factors, including some modifiable factors as well as demographic factors, are associated with risk for age-related cognitive impairment. Evaluating the complex interaction of these factors and their trajectories across the adult lifespan requires large sample sizes with diverse cohorts. Online research has the potential to overcome barriers to research participation and provide the statistical power required to examine individual differences in cognitive functions. Understanding the complexity of cognitive aging is critical for developing individualized interventions aimed at promoting brain and cognitive health across the lifespan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a fully web-based platform, MindCrowd-Expanded, we examined associations between age, sex, educational attainment and cognitive performance in a large cohort of participants, ages 18 to 100. Tests were included from five cognitive domains - associative memory, information processing speed, and three components of executive function - inhibition, updating/working memory, and set shifting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased age was associated with poorer performance across all domains, especially in conditions that reflected increased task complexity. Age effects were not confined to the 6th decade and beyond, but were evident across the entire age range in a relatively linear fashion. Considerable individual differences in performance were also observed, especially among older adults. We also report robust sex effects that depended on the task - males showed faster simple response times than females, while females outperformed males on associative memory. Increased level of educational attainment showed small but consistent benefits across all domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study adds to a growing body of research demonstrating the feasibility and utility of online cognitive testing for reaching large cohorts of individuals across the adult lifespan. We report findings that mirror the existing literature on cognitive aging, but also provide unique insights into the trajectory of cognitive functioning. We discuss the benefits, challenges, and future promise of web-based testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low hand grip strength is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in older men, including men with probable sarcopenic obesity: results from the Northern Ireland PRIME-COG cohort.","authors":"Dominic N Farsi, Gareth J McKay, Gerry J Linden, Michael McAlinden, Jessica Teeling, Peter Passmore, Clive Holmes, Christopher C Patterson, Bernadette McGuinness, Claire T McEvoy","doi":"10.1159/000547314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between cognitive impairment and a phenotype comprising low muscle strength coupled with excess adiposity, representative of sarcopenic obesity, is not well defined. The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between low hand grip strength (HGS), representative of 'probable sarcopenia', coupled with obesity, thus representing 'probable sarcopenic obesity', and cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Logistic regression models were implemented between probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older men residing in Northern Ireland within the PRIME-COG cohort, a nested study in the PRIME (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction) cohort. In addition, associations across Body Mass Index (BMI) strata were evaluated, including probable sarcopenic obesity (low HGS and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Models were adjusted for demographics, cardiometabolic disease and risk factors, APOE-ε4, and lifestyle behaviours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 792 men (79.1 SD 3.2 yr), low HGS was associated with a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment (OR 2.14 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.51 - 3.03), p < 0.001). The risk was broadly consistent across BMI strata, including men with probable sarcopenic obesity (OR 2.36 (95% CI 0.85 - 6.35), p = 0.05). The consistent risk across BMI strata was supported by a non-significant interaction between BMI and probable sarcopenia (likelihood ratio test, p = 0.772).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Probable sarcopenia, indicated by low HGS, was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in older men, with risk consistent across BMI strata, including men living with probable sarcopenic obesity. Our findings have clinical relevance, suggesting that phenotypes comprising low muscle strength, in the presence of excess adiposity must not be overlooked and appropriate interventions explored to attenuate physical perturbations which could carry significance towards ameliorating cognitive function in aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Anabolic Treatment in Older Subjects: a narrative review.","authors":"Benjamin Hadzimuratovic, Daniel Mattes, Judith Haschka, Roland Kocijan","doi":"10.1159/000547313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of an increasing life expectancy and an increasing risk of fractures in the aging population collides with the still inadequate primary and secondary fracture prevention in Europe. Osteoporotic fractures have a major impact not only on morbidity, quality of life and mortality but also on healthcare costs. Therefore, an improvement of fracture prevention is warranted. Osteoanabolic drugs are particularly beneficial in patients with very high fracture risk and are recommended by numerous current guidelines as first-line treatment options. Osteoanabolic treatment leads to a significant improvement of bone mineral density (BMD), microstructure and biomechanics and a superiority compared to antiresorptive treatment options have been demonstrated in clinical trials. However, the application of these therapies in the geriatric population addresses specific questions regarding efficacy, safety in terms of comorbidities and feasibility regarding the route of administrations. This narrative review aims to explore the efficacy and safety profiles of the anabolic osteoporosis medications teriparatide, abaloparatide and romosozumab in older adults. Overall, data of this patient population from post hoc analyses show promising and comparable results regarding safety and the efficacy on fracture reduction and increase in BMD. However, data is limited and especially in romosozumab the contraindication in patients with a history of stroke or myocardial infarction should be kept in mind. Furthermore, a promising new anabolic oral treatment is currently under development and would further increase the armamentarium of osteoanabolic options. Osteoanabolic agents show positive effects on fracture healing and perioperative management for instrumentation surgery. Therefore, osteoanabolic therapies should be individually evaluated in all patients with a very high risk for fracture, especially in the context of sequential therapy, since fracture risk declines rapidly, which is warranted not only for the individual health outcome but also for socioeconomic aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Early Biomarkers of Frailty, Balance Impairment, and Fall Risks in Older Adults.","authors":"Alina Zhawatibai, Huanbing Liu, An Xie, He Zhou, Jingwei Jiang, Na Yuan, Jun Wang, Chuancai Dan, Sujun Li, Shu Wang","doi":"10.1159/000546772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The global aging population poses significant challenges to healthcare, with frailty, balance impairment, and fall risks being prominent issues. However, the conventional clinical assessments often fail to detect early signs of these conditions. This study aimed to explore the potential of Metabolomics in early identification of biomarkers related to frailty, poor balance, and fall risks in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed plasma samples from 110 participants aged 25 to 98 years using untargeted metabolomic analysis. Clinical assessments, including Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Morse Fall Risk Scale, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Fried Frailty Criteria, etc., were performed. We examined the correlation between metabolomic results, aging-related blood tests, and clinical assessments. Statistical analysis and pathway analysis were used to identify key metabolic alterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The metabolomics analysis identified 914 metabolites matching in the human metabolome database, with 293 metabolites significantly correlated with age. Metabolomic profiles showed distinct alterations in older adults, with significant metabolic changes observed in the Old-Old group, particularly in pathways related to Lipid Metabolism, Sphingolipid Signaling, and Fatty Acid Metabolism. A new age classification based on metabolic profiles revealed significant differences in frailty risks across groups, with metabolic signatures linked to poor balance and fall risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolomics offers a promising approach to identify early biomarkers of frailty, balance impairment, and fall risks in older adults. The integration of metabolic profiles with clinical assessments could lead to more precise and personalized healthcare interventions, improving fall prevention strategies and frailty management. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical utility of Metabolomics in aging-related healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falls in the oldest old: role of gender, living situation, and assistive devices.","authors":"Katherine A Colcord, Luohua Jiang, Zarui A Melikyan, Zeinah Al-Darsani, Nikki Jagusch Arnold, Hayley B Kristinsson, Claudia H Kawas, María M Corrada","doi":"10.1159/000547067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls can have serious health consequences, especially in the oldest old (individuals 90+ years), for whom falls often result in injury or even death. Few studies have examined falls in the oldest old. We aim to assess fall prevalence, fall rate, and rate change over time according to gender, living situation, and assistive device use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants are from The 90+ Study, a longitudinal study of individuals 90 years and older with evaluations every 6 months. Participants, or their informants, were asked how many times they have fallen in the past year (first visit) or since their last visit (follow up visits). We calculated unadjusted baseline fall prevalence. Using generalized linear mixed regression models, we estimated adjusted baseline fall rate and adjusted change in rate over time by gender, living situation, and assistive device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 1672 participants (mean age 93 years, range 90-110 years), unadjusted baseline prevalence of 1+ falls was 47.9% in women and 47.8% in men. Estimated adjusted baseline fall rate was 0.66 falls per person year in women and 0.71 falls per person year in men. In women, fall rate did not change significantly over time, whereas in men, fall rate increased by an average of 6% per year. Both men and women in nursing homes had a higher fall rate compared with those in the community. In nursing homes, fall rate remained stable over time in men and decreased over time in women. Fall rate was higher in both men and women using assistive devices. However, walkers were associated with a decrease in fall rate over time in women and in participants in nursing homes. Canes were unexpectedly associated with an increase in fall rate over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals 90 years and older had a high prevalence of falls overall. The higher and increasing rate of falls over time in men compared to women, suggests that efforts should be made to increase the uptake of fall prevention strategies specifically in men in the oldest age categories. The increasing fall rate in participants using canes suggests that referral to a health care provider trained in gait analysis prior to assistive device prescription could assist with fall prevention efforts in the oldest old.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in serial sarcomere number of five hindlimb muscles across adult aging in rats.","authors":"Avery Hinks, Geoffrey A Power","doi":"10.1159/000546887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The age-associated loss of muscle mass is partly accounted for by a reduction in muscle fascicle length (FL). Studies on rodents have confirmed this reduced FL is driven by a loss of sarcomeres aligned in series (serial sarcomere number; SSN) along a muscle. However, studies on rodents have focused primarily on rat plantar flexor SSN at two aging timepoints, leaving an incomplete view of age-related changes in SSN. Hence, this study investigated SSN as a contributor to the age-related loss of muscle mass in five hindlimb muscles across four aging timepoints in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The soleus, medial gastrocnemius (MG), plantaris, tibialis anterior (TA), and vastus lateralis (VL) were obtained from 5 young (8 months), 5 middle-aged (20 months), 5 old (32 months), and 5 very old (36 months) male F344BN rats. After fixation of muscles in formalin and digestion in nitric acid, fascicles were teased out end-to-end to measure FL. SSN was determined by dividing FL by sarcomere length measured via laser diffraction. Muscle wet weight, anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA), and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) were also determined for insight on age-related losses of whole-muscle mass and in-parallel muscle morphology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-related SSN loss was apparent after middle age for all muscles, with the plantaris showing the smallest (8%) and the VL the greatest (21%) differences between age groups. The MG and VL appeared to plateau in their SSN loss by 32 months, while the soleus and TA demonstrated continued decline from 32 to 36 months. In all muscles, an age-related lower SSN evidently contributed in part to the smaller muscle mass, alongside less contractile tissue in parallel (indicated by ACSA and PCSA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As SSN is closely tied to biomechanical function, these findings present SSN as a distinct target for improving muscle performance in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia and osteoporosis.","authors":"Edoardo Mocini, Claudia Piciocchi, Giuseppe Defeudis, Silvia Migliaccio","doi":"10.1159/000546501","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common, interconnected conditions, in aging populations that lead to increased frailty, disability and a heightened risk of falls and fractures. Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and function, that often coexists with osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone strenght for a decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and altered bone quality. Together, these conditions form a clinical syndrome known as osteosarcopenia. Both disorders share common risk factors, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal changes, which accelerate the deterioration of musculoskeletal health. This chapter discusses the overlapping pathophysiology and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and integrated therapeutic strategies. Nutritional approaches, such as ensuring adequate protein, vitamin D, and calcium intake, combined with resistance training, are essential to preserving muscle and bone health. Pharmacological treatments, including bisphosphonates for osteoporosis and emerging therapies like selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) and myostatin inhibitors for sarcopenia, offer promising avenues for comprehensive management. A multifaceted approach targeting both conditions can reduce the risk of falls and fractures, ultimately improving quality of life in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of virtual reality training on muscle strength of the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hamed Zarei, Ali Asghar Norasteh, Mohamad Mottaghitalab, Michael W Ertel, Ali Brian","doi":"10.1159/000546922","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the effects of virtual reality training (VRT) on the muscle strength of the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary sources were obtained from 4 databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. The search period covered years from inception to February 1th, 2025. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated using random or fixed-effect models for outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the screening process, 38 studies involving a total of 1280 participants were included in the systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that VRT increased upper-body muscle strength (1.89 [95% CI: 0.65-3.13], p=0.003), lower-body muscle strength (0.68 [95% CI: 0.46-0.91], p=0.001) and handgrip (0.45 [95% CI: 0.26-0.63], p=0.001). Additionally, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between VRT and traditional training (TT) on lower-body muscle strength (0.04 [95% CI: -0.26-0.36), p=0.75) and handgrip (0.06 [95% CI: -0.11-0.24], p=0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results meta-analysis demonstrated that VRT has a positive effect on the muscle strength of all three parts of the lower limb, upper limb, and HG. Also, comparing VRT with TT, no significant difference was observed between these two types of training.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study on the Endorsement of Reporting Guidelines by Journals in Geriatrics and Gerontology.","authors":"Logan Corwin, Jacob Duncan, Shaelyn Ward, Caleb Smith, Danya Brewer, Griffin Hughes, Matt Vassar","doi":"10.1159/000546516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of reporting guidelines and clinical trial registration policies by academic journals reduces bias and improves transparency in clinical research. It is unknown whether geriatric and gerontology journals mention, recommend, or require their use for the studies they may potentially publish. The purpose of this study is to assess the submission guidelines of the top geriatric and gerontology journals for their editorial recommendation or requirement of predetermined reporting guidelines and clinical trial registration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 2021 Scopus CiteScore tool, we identified the top 100 journals in the \"Geriatrics and Gerontology\" subcategory. We reviewed each journal's \"Instructions to Authors\" for references to reporting guidelines commonly used for various study designs, categorizing them as \"Not Mentioned,\" \"Recommended,\" \"Does Not Require,\" or \"Required.\" Additionally, we assessed how each journal addressed clinical trial registration using the same classification system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 100 journals reviewed, none referenced the QUOROM statement. In contrast, the CONSORT statement was the most frequently mentioned, with 44 journals (44%) recommending or requiring its use. PRISMA guidelines were omitted by 57 journals (57%), while study registration was recommended or required by 92 journals (92%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The recommendation or requirement of reporting guidelines and clinical trial registration in the top 100 geriatric and gerontology journals is inconsistent. Journal editors should strongly recommend that authors follow reporting guidelines to reduce potential bias and improve transparency in the articles they publish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Different Motor Learning Paradigms for Improving Balance Recovery Abilities Among Older Adults Random versus Block training: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.","authors":"Hadas Nachmani, Inbal Paran, Moti Salti, Ilan Shelef, Noam Margalit, Michael Schwenk, Itshak Melzer","doi":"10.1159/000546907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000546907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Older adults can reduce the risk of falls after participation in a Perturbation-Based Balance Training (PBBT). We aimed to compare two perturbation motor learning paradigms: random vs block practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty community-dwelling older adults were recruited and randomly allocated to a random PBBT group (n=8), participants were exposed to unannounced perturbations in multiple directions during each training session, or a block PBBT group (n=12) participants experienced perturbations from a single during every training session during treadmill walking. Both groups received eight training sessions over a four-weeks period that included a concurrent cognitive task during training. Primary outcome measures were parameters of reactive stepping i.e., step-thresholds in walking and kinematics of reactive stepping during walking; and secondary outcome measures were proactive balance, i.e. voluntary step test and cognitive performance. All outcomes were measured before and after PBBT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both PBBT groups improved their ability to cope with higher perturbations post training and a reduction in Center of Mass path displacement during the recovery after the perturbation in walking. No improvement was found in voluntary stepping post training, both groups, however, showed improvement in cognitive performance post-training.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results show some improvements in reactive stepping performance but not in proactive voluntary stepping in both random and block PBBT methods, with no superiority of one training method over the other. Some improvements in cognitive performance in both groups suggest a transfer effect post training, regardless of training method. Given the small sample size, results are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12662,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}