Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"First activity and interactions in thalamus and cortex using raw single-trial EEG and MEG elicited by somatosensory stimulation","authors":"Christodoulos Karittevlis, Michail Papadopoulos, Vinicius Lima, Gregoris A. Orphanides, Shubham Tiwari, Marios Antonakakis, Vicky Papadopoulou Lesta, Andreas A. Ioannides","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1305022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1305022","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>One of the primary motivations for studying the human brain is to comprehend how external sensory input is processed and ultimately perceived by the brain. A good understanding of these processes can promote the identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of various neurological disorders; it can also provide ways of evaluating therapeutic techniques. In this work, we seek the minimal requirements for identifying key stages of activity in the brain elicited by median nerve stimulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We have used a priori knowledge and applied a simple, linear, spatial filter on the electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography signals to identify the early responses in the thalamus and cortex evoked by short electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. The spatial filter is defined first from the average EEG and MEG signals and then refined using consistency selection rules across ST. The refined spatial filter is then applied to extract the timecourses of each ST in each targeted generator. These ST timecourses are studied through clustering to quantify the ST variability. The nature of ST connectivity between thalamic and cortical generators is then studied within each identified cluster using linear and non-linear algorithms with time delays to extract linked and directional activities. A novel combination of linear and non-linear methods provides in addition discrimination of influences as excitatory or inhibitory.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Our method identifies two key aspects of the evoked response. Firstly, the early onset of activity in the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex, known as the P14 and P20 in EEG and the second M20 for MEG. Secondly, good estimates are obtained for the early timecourse of activity from these two areas. The results confirm the existence of variability in ST brain activations and reveal distinct and novel patterns of connectivity in different clusters.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>It has been demonstrated that we can extract new insights into stimulus processing without the use of computationally costly source reconstruction techniques which require assumptions and detailed modeling of the brain. Our methodology, thanks to its simplicity and minimal computational requirements, has the potential for real-time applications such as in neurofeedback systems and brain-computer interfaces.</p></sec>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139105346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pointing in cervical dystonia patients","authors":"Maria Paola Tramonti Fantozzi, Roberta Benedetti, Alessandra Crecchi, Lucia Briscese, Paolo Andre, Pieranna Arrighi, Luca Bonfiglio, Maria Chiara Carboncini, Luca Bruschini, Paolo Bongioanni, Ugo Faraguna, Diego Manzoni","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1306387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1306387","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe normal hemispheric balance can be altered by the asymmetric sensorimotor signal elicited by Cervical Dystonia (CD), leading to motor and cognitive deficits.MethodsDirectional errors, peak velocities, movement and reaction times of pointing towards out-of-reach targets in the horizontal plane were analysed in 18 CD patients and in 11 aged-matched healthy controls.ResultsCD patients displayed a larger scatter of individual trials around the average pointing direction (variable error) than normal subjects, whatever the arm used, and the target pointed. When pointing in the left hemispace, all subjects showed a left deviation (constant error) with respect to the target position, which was significantly larger in CD patients than controls, whatever the direction of the abnormal neck torsion could be. Reaction times were larger and peak velocities lower in CD patients than controls.DiscussionDeficits in the pointing precision of CD patients may arise from a disruption of motor commands related to the sensorimotor imbalance, from a subtle increase in shoulder rigidity or from a reduced agonists activation. Their larger left bias in pointing to left targets could be due to an increased right parietal dominance, independently upon the direction of head roll/jaw rotation which expands the left space representation and/or increases left spatial attention. These deficits may potentially extend to tracking and gazing objects in the left hemispace, leading to reduced skills in spatial-dependent motor and cognitive performance.","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar contributions to fear-based emotional processing: relevance to understanding the neural circuits involved in autism","authors":"Sabina Couto-Ovejero, Jingjing Ye, Peter C. Kind, Sally M. Till, Thomas C. Watson","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1229627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1229627","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebellar networks have traditionally been linked to sensorimotor control. However, a large body of evidence suggests that cerebellar functions extend to non-motor realms, such as fear-based emotional processing and that these functions are supported by interactions with a wide range of brain structures. Research related to the cerebellar contributions to emotional processing has focussed primarily on the use of well-constrained conditioning paradigms in both human and non-human subjects. From these studies, cerebellar circuits appear to be critically involved in both conditioned and unconditioned responses to threatening stimuli in addition to encoding and storage of fear memory. It has been hypothesised that the computational mechanism underlying this contribution may involve internal models, where errors between actual and expected outcomes are computed within the circuitry of the cerebellum. From a clinical perspective, cerebellar abnormalities have been consistently linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Importantly, atypical adaptive behaviour and heightened anxiety are also common amongst autistic individuals. In this review, we provide an overview of the current anatomical, physiological and theoretical understanding of cerebellar contributions to fear-based emotional processing to foster further insights into the neural circuitry underlying emotional dysregulation observed in people with autism.","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oculomotor feature discrimination is cortically mediated.","authors":"Devin H Kehoe,&nbsp;Mazyar Fallah","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1251933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1251933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eye movements are often directed toward stimuli with specific features. Decades of neurophysiological research has determined that this behavior is subserved by a feature-reweighting of the neural activation encoding potential eye movements. Despite the considerable body of research examining feature-based target selection, no comprehensive theoretical account of the feature-reweighting mechanism has yet been proposed. Given that such a theory is fundamental to our understanding of the nature of oculomotor processing, we propose an oculomotor feature-reweighting mechanism here. We first summarize the considerable anatomical and functional evidence suggesting that oculomotor substrates that encode potential eye movements rely on the visual cortices for feature information. Next, we highlight the results from our recent behavioral experiments demonstrating that feature information manifests in the oculomotor system in order of featural complexity, regardless of whether the feature information is task-relevant. Based on the available evidence, we propose an oculomotor feature-reweighting mechanism whereby (1) visual information is projected into the oculomotor system only after a visual representation manifests in the highest stage of the cortical visual processing hierarchy necessary to represent the relevant features and (2) these dynamically recruited cortical module(s) then perform feature discrimination via shifting neural feature representations, while also maintaining parity between the feature representations in cortical and oculomotor substrates by dynamically reweighting oculomotor vectors. Finally, we discuss how our behavioral experiments may extend to other areas in vision science and its possible clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10600481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71411918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How far neuroscience is from understanding brains.","authors":"Per E Roland","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1147896","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1147896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cellular biology of brains is relatively well-understood, but neuroscientists have not yet generated a theory explaining how brains work. Explanations of how neurons collectively operate to produce what brains can do are tentative and incomplete. Without prior assumptions about the brain mechanisms, I attempt here to identify major obstacles to progress in neuroscientific understanding of brains and central nervous systems. Most of the obstacles to our understanding are conceptual. Neuroscience lacks concepts and models rooted in experimental results explaining how neurons interact at all scales. The cerebral cortex is thought to control awake activities, which contrasts with recent experimental results. There is ambiguity distinguishing task-related brain activities from spontaneous activities and organized intrinsic activities. Brains are regarded as driven by external and internal stimuli in contrast to their considerable autonomy. Experimental results are explained by sensory inputs, behavior, and psychological concepts. Time and space are regarded as mutually independent variables for spiking, post-synaptic events, and other measured variables, in contrast to experimental results. Dynamical systems theory and models describing evolution of variables with time as the independent variable are insufficient to account for central nervous system activities. Spatial dynamics may be a practical solution. The general hypothesis that measurements of changes in fundamental brain variables, action potentials, transmitter releases, post-synaptic transmembrane currents, etc., propagating in central nervous systems reveal how they work, carries no additional assumptions. Combinations of current techniques could reveal many aspects of spatial dynamics of spiking, post-synaptic processing, and plasticity in insects and rodents to start with. But problems defining baseline and reference conditions hinder interpretations of the results. Furthermore, the facts that pooling and averaging of data destroy their underlying dynamics imply that single-trial designs and statistics are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10585277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49689953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Brain connectivity in neurological disorders.","authors":"Alessandro Salvalaggio,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pini,&nbsp;Alessandra Griffa,&nbsp;Maurizio Corbetta","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1274801","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1274801","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Salvalaggio, Pini, Gri a and Corbetta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Brain connectivity in neurological disorders","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41234575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple regions of sensorimotor cortex encode bite force and gape.","authors":"Fritzie I Arce-McShane, Barry J Sessle, Yasheshvini Ram, Callum F Ross, Nicholas G Hatsopoulos","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1213279","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1213279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precise control of bite force and gape is vital for safe and effective breakdown and manipulation of food inside the oral cavity during feeding. Yet, the role of the orofacial sensorimotor cortex (OSMcx) in the control of bite force and gape is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate how individual neurons and populations of neurons in multiple regions of OSMcx differentially encode bite force and static gape when subjects <i>(Macaca mulatta)</i> generated different levels of bite force at varying gapes. We examined neuronal activity recorded simultaneously from three microelectrode arrays implanted chronically in the primary motor (MIo), primary somatosensory (SIo), and cortical masticatory (CMA) areas of OSMcx. We used generalized linear models to evaluate encoding properties of individual neurons and utilized dimensionality reduction techniques to decompose population activity into components related to specific task parameters. Individual neurons encoded bite force more strongly than gape in all three OSMCx areas although bite force was a better predictor of spiking activity in MIo vs. SIo. Population activity differentiated between levels of bite force and gape while preserving task-independent temporal modulation across the behavioral trial. While activation patterns of neuronal populations were comparable across OSMCx areas, the total variance explained by task parameters was context-dependent and differed across areas. These findings suggest that the cortical control of static gape during biting may rely on computations at the population level whereas the strong encoding of bite force at the individual neuron level allows for the precise and rapid control of bite force.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41144072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar contributions across behavioural timescales: a review from the perspective of cerebro-cerebellar interactions.","authors":"Ellen Boven, Nadia L Cerminara","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1211530","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1211530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performing successful adaptive behaviour relies on our ability to process a wide range of temporal intervals with certain precision. Studies on the role of the cerebellum in temporal information processing have adopted the dogma that the cerebellum is involved in sub-second processing. However, emerging evidence shows that the cerebellum might be involved in suprasecond temporal processing as well. Here we review the reciprocal loops between cerebellum and cerebral cortex and provide a theoretical account of cerebro-cerebellar interactions with a focus on how cerebellar output can modulate cerebral processing during learning of complex sequences. Finally, we propose that while the ability of the cerebellum to support millisecond timescales might be intrinsic to cerebellar circuitry, the ability to support supra-second timescales might result from cerebellar interactions with other brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10512466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41127163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond rhythm - a framework for understanding the frequency spectrum of neural activity.","authors":"Quentin Perrenoud,&nbsp;Jessica A Cardin","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1217170","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1217170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive and behavioral processes are often accompanied by changes within well-defined frequency bands of the local field potential (LFP i.e., the voltage induced by neuronal activity). These changes are detectable in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform and are often interpreted as neuronal oscillations. However, aside some well-known exceptions, the processes underlying such changes are difficult to track in time, making their oscillatory nature hard to verify. In addition, many non-periodic neural processes can also have spectra that emphasize specific frequencies. Thus, the notion that spectral changes reflect oscillations is likely too restrictive. In this study, we use a simple yet versatile framework to understand the frequency spectra of neural recordings. Using simulations, we derive the Fourier spectra of periodic, quasi-periodic and non-periodic neural processes having diverse waveforms, illustrating how these attributes shape their spectral signatures. We then show how neural processes sum their energy in the local field potential in simulated and real-world recording scenarios. We find that the spectral power of neural processes is essentially determined by two aspects: (1) the distribution of neural events in time and (2) the waveform of the voltage induced by single neural events. Taken together, this work guides the interpretation of the Fourier spectrum of neural recordings and indicates that power increases in specific frequency bands do not necessarily reflect periodic neural activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10500127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential optogenetic activation of the auditory midbrain in freely moving behaving mice.","authors":"Meike M Rogalla,&nbsp;Adina Seibert,&nbsp;Jana M Sleeboom,&nbsp;K Jannis Hildebrandt","doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1222176","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnsys.2023.1222176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients with severe auditory impairment, partial hearing restoration can be achieved by sensory prostheses for the electrical stimulation of the central nervous system. However, these state-of-the-art approaches suffer from limited spectral resolution: electrical field spread depends on the impedance of the surrounding medium, impeding spatially focused electrical stimulation in neural tissue. To overcome these limitations, optogenetic activation could be applied in such prostheses to achieve enhanced resolution through precise and differential stimulation of nearby neuronal ensembles. Previous experiments have provided a first proof for behavioral detectability of optogenetic activation in the rodent auditory system, but little is known about the generation of complex and behaviorally relevant sensory patterns involving differential activation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we developed and behaviorally tested an optogenetic implant to excite two spatially separated points along the tonotopy of the murine inferior colliculus (ICc).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a reward based operant Go/No-Go paradigm, we show that differential optogenetic activation of a sub-cortical sensory pathway is possible and efficient. We demonstrate how animals which were previously trained in a frequency discrimination paradigm (a) rapidly respond to either sound or optogenetic stimulation, (b) generally detect optogenetic stimulation of two different neuronal ensembles, and (c) discriminate between them.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that optogenetic excitatory stimulation at different points of the ICc tonotopy elicits a stable response behavior over time periods of several months. With this study, we provide the first proof of principle for sub-cortical differential stimulation of sensory systems using complex artificial cues in freely moving animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12649,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10286045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}