Georgian medical news最新文献

{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METAPHYLAXIS OF NEPHROLITHIASIS DURING PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND METAANALYSIS.","authors":"T Imzharov, B Zhakiev, M Sarkulov, V Pavlov, O Kurmangaliev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Relevance: </strong>Infected kidney stones, particularly struvite and carbonate-apatite calculi, pose a serious medical challenge due to recurrent urinary tract infections, rising antibiotic resistance, and complications following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of metaphylaxis of infected kidney stones, investigate their composition, analyse antibiotic resistance, and determine the incidence of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for publications between 2014 and 2024. The search strategy was built around key phrases such as 'infected kidney stones,' 'metaphylaxis,' 'antibiotic resistance,' 'percutaneous nephrolithotripsy,' and 'struvite stones.' Clinical trials, cohort and case-control studies with at least 20 participants were included; animal studies and case reports were excluded. Study selection was conducted by two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven studies from 23 countries (n=8342) were analysed. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced recurrence by 17-25%, depending on the region. Struvite stones accounted for 67.3%, with associations to Proteus mirabilis (38.4%) and Escherichia coli (29.6%). Antibiotic resistance reached 43.2%, with peaks for ampicillin (71%) and ciprofloxacin (48%). Complications after PCNL occurred in 12-28% of cases, including sepsis (3.4%) and pyonephrosis (7.8%). The best outcomes were achieved with the combination of antibiotics and urease inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive metaphylaxis adapted to local sensitivity profiles significantly reduces the risk of recurrence. In Kazakhstan, regional protocols are necessary to address resistance, considering diagnostic and resource limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"314-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HUMANISTIC CARE NURSING FOR PATIENTS IN THE OPERATING ROOM DURING THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD: FULL-CYCLE CARE FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PSYCHOLOGY.","authors":"Ting-Ting Wang, Yan Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humanistic care nursing for perioperative patients in the operating room is an evolving field that emphasizes holistic and patient-centered care, addressing both physiological and psychological needs. Key components include effective communication and emotional support, individualized care tailored to unique needs (considering cultural background, beliefs, etc.), respect for patient dignity and autonomy, proper comfort and pain management, and full-cycle care covering preoperative preparation and postoperative support. Perioperative patients often face psychological issues like anxiety, sleep disturbances, and delirium, which can affect surgical outcomes, and humanistic care interventions targeting these issues are beneficial for recovery. Operating room nurses play a crucial role in delivering such care, relying on empathy, compassion, and communication skills. However, challenges such as time constraints, resource limitations, and lack of standardized protocols exist. Future directions involve developing standardized protocols, providing education and training, and utilizing technology to promote the widespread adoption of humanistic care, aiming to transform the surgical experience, optimize outcomes, and foster a more compassionate healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RESULTS OF LIFE QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY OVARIAN CANCER DURING TREATMENT: EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TACTICS AND HIPEC.","authors":"A Rybin, V Maksymovskyi, O Kuznetsova, V Osyk, A Bohdan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Ovarian cancer ranks first among gynaecological cancers in terms of mortality, mainly due to late detection and high recurrence rates. The standard treatment for late stages remains cytoreductive surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy. However, survival and quality of life for patients with the traditional approach remain unsatisfactory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of the study was to analyse the quality of life of patients with primary advanced ovarian cancer depending on the type of treatment tactics before the start of specialized treatment, after cytoreductive surgery in the early and late postoperative periods, during chemotherapy and after the end of specialized treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comparative analysis of the results of clinical examination and treatment of 74 patients with primary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary stages III-IV (FIGO 2015) was performed: Group IA - patients with primary ovarian cancer who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery (PDS) + adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) - 43 patients; Group IB - patients with primary ovarian cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) + interval cytoreductive surgery (IDS)+adjuvant chemotherapy - 16 patients; IC group - patients with primary ovarian cancer who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery (PDS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) + adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) - 15 patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;At baseline (before the start of special treatment), the mean physical health (PH) score was (47.4±9.4) in the IA group, (46.9±10.3) in the IB group, and (47.2±9.8) in the IC group. The mean psychological health (MH) at baseline was (49.7±11.2) in the IA group, (41.1±10.7) in the IB group, and (43.9±10.9) in the IC group. There was no statistically significant difference in PH and MH indicators among all groups with primary ovarian cancer before the start of special treatment (p&gt;0.05). In the early postoperative period, the mean PH value was (36.1±9.7) in the IA group, (36.0±7.8) in the IB group, and (32.6±8.8) in the IC group (t=1.231; p=0.224); The mean MH was (38.9±9.5), (39.8±8.6) and (39.2±10.1), respectively. In the late postoperative period, the mean PH value was (41.1±9.3) in the IA group, (41.1±10.2) in the IB group, and (41.9±10.4) in the IC group; The average MH value was (39.0±9.2), (38.7±9.7) and (38.0±7.6), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;According to the authors, patients with primary ovarian cancer in the early postoperative period showed a marked decrease in physical functioning, pain intensity, general well-being, and role functioning due to their physical condition. Subsequently, there was a tendency towards a gradual increase in physical health indicators in all groups of patients with primary ovarian cancer in the late postoperative period and after adjuvant chemotherapy. At the same time, there was a moderate decrease in","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"364-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MINING THE CELLMINER DATABASE TO IDENTIFY SHARED BIOMARKERS OF 5-FU AND OXALIPLATIN RESPONSE.","authors":"M Abdullah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin form backbone of colorectal cancer, yet resistance limits their efficacy. Understanding the molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance may guide potential biomarker discovery and inform drug repurposing strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an integrative pharmacogenomic analysis of the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel using CellMiner Database. Pathway enrichment was performed using PANTHER. Individual drug and molecular biomarker correlations were explored to identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities and repurposing opportunities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic variants in ALDH9A1 were negatively associated with both 5-FU and Oxaliplatin. Protein function-affecting variants in CAMSAP3, LUM, and LRIG2 correlated negatively. DNA methylation of FERMT3 was negatively correlated with drug response, suggesting epigenetic silencing as a resistance mechanism. Copy number variation in COL1A1 also predicted resistance but correlated positively with statin sensitivity, highlighting repurposing potential. Transcriptomic signatures revealed cytoskeletal/adhesion genes (CNN3, ACTN1, DUSP10) as resistance markers, with pathway enrichment pointing to folate metabolism, MAPK signaling, and cytoskeletal remodeling. RNA-seq confirmed NT5E and HIF1A as resistance drivers. Several microRNAs including let-7e, miR-30a, and miR-22, were negatively correlated with drug activity, positioning them as potential biomarkers. Drug-drug correlation showed several cytotoxics positively associated with 5-FU/Oxaliplatin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This integrative analysis identify potential biomarkers associated with 5-FU and Oxaliplatin response, nominating ALDH9A1, FERMT3, NT5E, HIF1A, and specific microRNAs as resistance biomarkers, while GRIN1, MTHFD2, and miR-7 emerge as sensitizers. Importantly, repurposing opportunities were identified, with statins and kinase inhibitors showing context-dependent associations that may help overcome resistance. These findings may provide a framework for potential biomarkers guided therapy optimization and may inform rational combination strategies in colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"327-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ISCHEMIC AND HEMORRHAGIC COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION.","authors":"B Ashirov, A Kassymova, J Mansurova, A Orekhov, M Tokbulatova, M Kapakova, Z Toktarova, A Zhunuspekova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. This study aimed to identify predictors of these complications to optimize risk assessment and management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 92 ACS patients with AF who underwent PCI at Semey Emergency Hospital (2022-2023) was conducted. Patients were followed for one year, and ischemic (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, stent thrombosis, revascularization, and mortality) and hemorrhagic (BARC types 3 and 5 bleeding) events were recorded. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified significant risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ischemic events occurred in 23 patients (25%), including MI (56.5%) and stroke (34.8%). Hemorrhagic events occurred in 14 patients (15.2%), with gastrointestinal bleeding (50%) and hemorrhagic stroke (35.7%) being most common. One-year mortality was 22.8%. Predictors of ischemic events included MI history, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, elevated pro-brain natriuretic peptide, creatinine, and platelet count, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.001). Predictors of hemorrhagic events included male sex, smoking, peptic ulcer disease, anticoagulant use, low hemoglobin, and elevated international normalized ratio and prothrombin time (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Identifying ischemic and hemorrhagic risk factors allows for personalized therapy in ACS patients with AF after PCI, reducing complications and improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEMOSTASIS GENE POLYMORPHISM IN RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.","authors":"Z Yersariyeva, B Suleyeva, B Turdaliyeva, Y Tussipbayev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), a common reason for vision loss, is divided into central and branch RVO. Although age, hypertension, and diabetes are established risk factors, genetic variations in hemostasis-related genes like Prothrombin G20210A, Factor V Leiden, and MTHFR may also contribute. Yet, there is conflicting evidence connecting these genetic variations to RVO. The objective of this research is to conduct a thorough evaluation and examination of the connection between variations in hemostasis genes, such as MTHFR C677T and A1298C, and retinal vessel occlusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were performed adhering to PRISMA standards. Databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Wiley) were queried for English-language studies (2018-2024) using keywords: \"retinal vessel occlusion,\" \"hemostasis genes,\" \"thrombophilia,\" \"Prothrombin G20210A,\" \"Factor V Leiden,\" and \"MTHFR polymorphism.\" This study included ten studies (n=2281 patients) that were published from 2019 to 2024. The level of heterogeneity for each polymorphism was determined utilizing a random-effects model, while quality of assessment was done using Cochrane risk of bias tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no notable link observed between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and RVO (P=0.90, OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.55-1.18, I2=0%). Equivalent findings were recorded for A1298C (P=0.84, OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.48-1.81, I2=27%) and MMP2-1306C/T (P=0.10, OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.41-1.20, I2=68%). Though there is some evidence linking polymorphisms in hemostasis genes like MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and others to hypercoagulable conditions, their connection to retinal vessel occlusion is still uncertain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some individual studies suggested a role for MTHFR polymorphisms in RVO, our meta-analysis found no significant association between these genetic variants and RVO risk. This underscores the need for further research to clarify the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in RVO pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CROSS SECTIONAL EVIDENCE FOR OPPOSING EFFECTS OF HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND HYPERLIPIDAEMIA ON CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITIES.","authors":"M Zaya, A Mahmood, M Khalaf","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally, creating a need for affordable biomarkers to supplement blood glucose and HbA1C monitoring. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are promising candidates because they are easily measured and have known associations with metabolic disorders. This study examined whether BChE and AChE activities reflect diabetes type, glycemic control, chronic complications, and coexisting dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, plasma BChE and erythrocyte AChE activities were measured using an electrometric assay in 298 patients: they were divided according to diagnosed either with type 2 diabetes on monotherapy, or with type 2 diabetes on combination therapy, or with type 1 diabetes, and another group with isolated dyslipidemia. Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Subgroups were stratified by glycemic control, complication status, therapy regimen, and comorbid conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both plasma BChE and erythrocyte AChE activities were significantly lower in nearly all type 2 diabetes subgroups compared to controls (p < 0.05). The largest reduction in enzyme levels was observed in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and chronic complications. The diabetes treatment regimen (monotherapy versus combination therapy) did not significantly influence enzyme levels. Concurrent hypertension was associated with a modest, inconsistent reduction in AChE activity only. In type 1 diabetes, a significant AChE decrease was observed only in well-controlled patients, indicating a weaker relationship between cholinesterase activity and type 1 disease. By contrast, patients with isolated dyslipidemia showed significantly elevated BChE and AChE levels relative to controls (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Declining cholinesterase activity-especially erythrocyte AChE-parallels worsening glycemic control and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes, whereas isolated dyslipidemia is associated with increased cholinesterase levels. Cholinesterase assays could serve as low-cost adjunct biomarkers in diabetes management, although prospective studies are needed to validate their prognostic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"202-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE IN ORTHODONTIC CLASP FABRICATION AMONG DENTAL TECHNICIAN STUDENTS AT UBT: A REAL-TIME ANALYSIS OF WORKING TIME AND PERCEIVED STRESS.","authors":"M Abazi, A Prokshaj, S Prokshaj, F Alidema, N Leci, L Morina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to assess the impact of stress on the practical performance of dental technician program students in the realization of active or passive elements of removable orthodontic appliances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The pivotal objectives of this study were to gauge the time necessary for the completion of an orthodontic clasp or spring, to appraise the level of psychological stress experienced during the procedure using the SUDS scale (Subjective Units of Distress Scale), and to evaluate the final product. These objectives were crucial in understanding the impact of stress on the practical performance of dental technician program students.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The methodology involved 46 second-year students at UBT. During a practical exam, each student randomly selected one of the following orthodontic components: Adam's clasp, double Adam's clasp, C clasp, Jackson clasp, or Spring: Z-spring, closed T-spring, open (finger) spring, which they had practiced throughout the summer semester. Each student was then instructed to randomly select a ticket with the name of the clasp or spring they would be completing, ensuring a fair and unbiased selection process. - The time needed to complete the basket was measured with a stopwatch, from the moment the work began until its completion. - Before and after completing the work, students were asked to assess the level of stress experienced through the SUDS (Subjective Units of Distress Scale), which ranges from 0 (I do not feel any stress) to 10 (the highest level of stress imaginable).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed a significant negative correlation between stress level and final grade, suggesting that students with lower stress levels performed better. However, no significant relationship was found between stress and the time to complete the paper. Students with low stress had significantly higher grades compared to those with high stress. A gender difference in grades was also identified, with females having higher ratings, but with no significant difference in the reported level of stress. This suggests that factors other than stress may be influencing performance, and further research is needed to understand these factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings suggest that stress primarily impairs the quality of academic performance rather than task duration. Effective coping mechanisms, emotional regulation, and contextual factors such as gender and educational support systems play a pivotal role in mitigating stress-induced performance deficits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Statistical analysis used: &lt;/strong&gt;The data were rigorously analyzed using advanced statistical methods including Pearson correlation, ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey HSD tests, and linear regression. These analyses were instrumental in examining associations between stress and academic performance, differences across stress levels and gender, and the impact of stress","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERUM IL-6, IL-12, AND IL-10 LEVELS IN EARLY-STAGE, UNTREATED CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM GEORGIA.","authors":"Kh Mikeladze, N Chikadze, N Gachechiladze, M Tediashvili, I Datikashvili-David, P Lydyard, N Porakishvili","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Western countries and is characterized by the clonal expansion of mature CD19⁺/CD5⁺/CD23⁺ B lymphocytes. Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of CLL, predisposing patients to infections and significantly altering circulating cytokine profiles. While such changes have been extensively investigated in advanced stages, little is known about cytokine alterations in early-stage, untreated CLL patients in Georgia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), were measured in 25 newly diagnosed, untreated CLL patients (Rai stage 0/I, Binet A) and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Statistical comparisons were performed between groups, and correlations with clinical parameters were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-6 levels were significantly higher in CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers (median 15 pg/mL vs. 4 pg/mL; P<0.0001), with considerable inter-individual variability. IL-12 concentrations were also elevated in CLL patients (P=0.0019) and showed a strong negative correlation with absolute lymphocyte counts (r=-0.7). In contrast, IL-10 levels did not differ significantly between groups (P=0.3432).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even at the earliest clinical stages, untreated CLL patients demonstrate a cytokine profile indicative of a pro-inflammatory and partially immunostimulatory microenvironment, which may influence disease pathogenesis and progression. The observed elevations in IL-6 and IL-12 suggest their potential utility as early biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"383-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF UTERINE FIBROIDS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE: A FACILITY-BASED STUDY IN A MEGACITY.","authors":"Z Barmanasheva, M Laktionova, A Onglas, A Kossetova, I Melnikov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumors among women of reproductive age, significantly affecting reproductive function, quality of life, and work capacity. In Kazakhstan, there is a lack of systematic data on the population-level prevalence of uterine fibroids and associated risk factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of uterine fibroids among women in Almaty and to develop a predictive risk model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective facility-based study was conducted involving 1,200 women aged 18-49 years who sought gynecological consultation. Diagnosis was established using transvaginal ultrasound and hormonal profile assessment. The questionnaire covered reproductive history, lifestyle, nutrition, and comorbid conditions. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors, and the predictive model was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of uterine fibroids was 34.9% (crude prevalence), with clinically significant forms identified in 17.2% of cases. When recalculated using direct age standardization to the female population of Almaty, the overall prevalence was 11.3%, reflecting the influence of the sample's age composition. The incidence increased with age, peaking in the 45-49 age group (38.6%). The most common symptoms were menorrhagia (69.1%), pelvic pain (49.3%), and reproductive dysfunction (28%). Significant risk factors included advanced age, elevated BMI, high prolactin levels, and vitamin D deficiency. The predictive model demonstrated high accuracy (AUC=0.929), with sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 78.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of uterine fibroids in the urban population of Kazakhstan is comparable to international data. The developed model can be applied for individual risk stratification and for designing targeted screening programs. The identified associations underscore the importance of monitoring metabolic and hormonal factors in reproductive healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12610,"journal":{"name":"Georgian medical news","volume":" 364-365","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}