D. Maysinger, Mélanie Lalancette–Hébert, Jeff Ji, K. Jabbour, J. Dernedde, K. Silberreis, R. Haag, J. Kriz
{"title":"Dendritic polyglycerols are modulators of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk","authors":"D. Maysinger, Mélanie Lalancette–Hébert, Jeff Ji, K. Jabbour, J. Dernedde, K. Silberreis, R. Haag, J. Kriz","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the ability of sulfated dendritic polyglycerols (dPGS) to modulate neuroglia activation challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials & methods: Microglia/astrocyte activation in vivo was determined in transgenic animals expressing TLR2-/GFAP-luciferase reporter. Mechanisms implicated in microglia-astrocyte crosstalk were studied in primary mouse brain cultures. Results & discussion: dPGS significantly reduced microglia activation in vivo, and decreased astrocytic LCN2 production. Activated microglia are necessary for astrocyte stimulation and increase in LCN2 abundance. LCN2 production in astrocytes involves signaling via toll-like receptor 4, activation of NF-κB, IL6 and enhancement of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: dPGS are powerful modulators of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and LCN2 abundance; dPGS are promising anti-inflammatory dendritic nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2019-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45348300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The prevalence of delirium in patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"E. Khalighi, A. Tarjoman, A. Abdi, M. Borji","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2018-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2018-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The first systematic review and meta analysis investigating the prevalence of delirium in Iran and the importance of delirium in the health status of patients. Method: This study is a review article to determine the overall prevalence of delirium in patients admitted to the hospitals in Iran, with search time frame to 12 October 2000–12 October 2018. The study examined the prevalence of delirium in general wards and ICUs of Iran according to published article in domestic and foreign journals. The methodological quality of the papers was based on a tool used in previous studies. Data was analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. Findings: The findings showed the prevalence of delirium in hospitalized patients in Iran is 21.8% (CI: 17.5–27.5%). The prevalence of delirium in hospitalized patients in Iran based on the hospitalization in ICU is 24.7% (CI: 18.1–32.7%) and in the general ward is 17.5% (CI: 13.6–22.3%). Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of delirium in patients admitted to hospitals in Iran, prevention is necessary to reduce the incidence of delirium.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2018-0044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42481613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching an old drug new tricks: repositioning strategies for spinal muscular atrophy","authors":"Joseph M. Hoolachan, Emma R Sutton, M. Bowerman","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a childhood disorder caused by loss of the SMN gene. Pathological hallmarks are spinal cord motor neuron death, neuromuscular junction dysfunction and muscle atrophy. The first SMN genetic therapy was recently approved and other SMN-dependent treatments are not far behind. However, not all SMA patients will reap their maximal benefit due to limited accessibility, high costs and differential effects depending on timing of administration and disease severity. The repurposing of commercially available drugs is an interesting strategy to ensure more rapid and less expensive access to new treatments. In this mini-review, we will discuss the potential and relevance of repositioning drugs currently used for neurodegenerative, neuromuscular and muscle disorders for SMA.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2019-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imaging markers of disease progression in multiple system atrophy","authors":"B. Heim, F. Krismer, W. Poewe, K. Seppi","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2018-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2018-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Different neuroimaging modalities hold potential as surrogate markers of underlying neurodegeneration in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and may reflect cell loss, altered glucose metabolism, microglial proliferation, astroglial activation, and nigrostriatal denervation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that serial structural and functional imaging studies are capable of demonstrating neurodegeneration in MSA patients quantitatively, which allows sample size estimates based on rates of progression of these neuroimaging markers. This review summarizes recent research findings as a tool to assess longitudinal changes of serial neuroimaging-derived parameters in MSA.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/fnl-2018-0045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41613463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brivaracetam: a newly approved medication for epilepsy","authors":"J. Oster","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Brivaracetam (BRV) in both the USA and EU was developed as a novel molecule for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset (focal) seizures in patients ≥16 years of age and as of September 2017 was approved for use as monotherapy in the USA uniquely as an antiseizure medication that may be prescribed without a dose finding uptitration. This article reviews BRV's pharmacology, efficacy, safety and adverse event profiles, along with the relevant and noted regulatory hurdles in the USA and the EU. Available postmarketing data will also be summarized. Approximately 3000 patients were studied over about 9 years in the clinical trial program illustrating that BRV has efficacy at 50–200 mg/day with an acceptable adverse event profile.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2015-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43343447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurological implications of nonfatal strangulation and intimate partner violence","authors":"K. Monahan, A. Purushotham, A. Biegon","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The spectrum of paroxysmal dyskinesias","authors":"R. Manso-Calderón","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2018-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2018-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) comprise a group of heterogeneous syndromes characterized by recurrent attacks of mainly dystonia and/or chorea, without loss of consciousness. PxD have been classified according to their triggers and duration as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia and paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia. Of note, the spectrum of genetic and nongenetic conditions underlying PxD is continuously increasing, but not always a phenotype–etiology correlation exists. This creates a challenge in the diagnostic work-up, increased by the fact that most of these episodes are unwitnessed. Furthermore, other paroxysmal disorders, included those of psychogenic origin, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this review, some key points for the diagnosis are provided, as well as the appropriate treatment and future approaches discussed.","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2018-0047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46167550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogen, the next neuroprotective agent?","authors":"Adrian Marchidann","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2019-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44132704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future NeurologyPub Date : 2019-05-01Epub Date: 2019-05-24DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2018-0040
Maria Melinda Tan, Jeanne Barbara Dy, Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano, Flora Tassone, Randi J Hagerman
{"title":"Fragile X- associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Case Report.","authors":"Maria Melinda Tan, Jeanne Barbara Dy, Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano, Flora Tassone, Randi J Hagerman","doi":"10.2217/fnl-2018-0040","DOIUrl":"10.2217/fnl-2018-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (<i>FMR1</i>) gene create a spectrum of developmental disorders in children in addition to neurodegenerative problems in older populations. Two types of mutations are recognized in the <i>FMR1</i> gene. The full mutation (>200 CGG repeats) in the <i>FMR1</i> gene leads to Fragile X Syndrome which is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism, while the premutation (55 to 200 CGG repeats) identified among carriers leads to a range of problems linked to elevated levels of the <i>FMR1</i> mRNA leading to mRNA toxicity and occasionally mildly deficient FMRP levels. Two disorders among premutation carriers have been recognized namely: the Fragile X-associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (FXPOI) and Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). Recently, in order to recognize a group of associated disorders commonly found in premutation carriers and extensively reported in co-morbidities studies, a new distinctive name was proposed: Fragile X-associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND). This paper will present a case report of a female premutation carrier who has encountered predominantly psychiatric problems, but also chronic pain and sleep disturbances consistent with FXAND.</p>","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7034938/pdf/nihms-1044634.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37670373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathophysiology of migraine: an increasingly complex narrative to 2020","authors":"V. Gupta","doi":"10.2217/FNL-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/FNL-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12606,"journal":{"name":"Future Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/FNL-2019-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49145547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}