Future Science OAPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2527539
A Oueslati, G Mohamed, S Bostani, K Boughoula, S Bizid, H Ben Abdallah, R Bouali, M N Abdelli
{"title":"Comparison of bismuth and concomitant therapy for <i>H. pylori</i> eradication: a prospective, randomized clinical trial.","authors":"A Oueslati, G Mohamed, S Bostani, K Boughoula, S Bizid, H Ben Abdallah, R Bouali, M N Abdelli","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2527539","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2527539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Tunisia, concomitant quadruple therapy (QTC) has been the standard first-line treatment for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection. However, increasing resistance to clarithromycin (28%) has raised concerns about its long-term efficacy. Bismuth-based quadruple therapy (QTB) offers an alternative, yet its higher cost and safety profile remain debated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost of both regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label study enrolling 200 patients naïve to any anti-HP treatment. Patients were randomized to either 10 days of bismuth therapy (QTB: potassium bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole, and tetracycline hydrochloride, omeprazole) or 14 days of concomitant quadruple therapy (QTC: amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, esomeprazole). <i>H. pylori</i> eradication as defined by a negative urea breath test 4-6 weeks after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 200 patients, the intention-to-treat eradication rate was 82% for QTC and 87% for QTB (p = 0.29); per-protocol rates were 84.53% and 89.58%, respectively (p = 0.39). Compliance was high (97% in QTC vs 96% in QTB; p = 0.32). Adverse events were similar between groups (61.85% for QTB vs 69% for QTC; p = 0.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bismuth and concomitant quadruple therapies were comparable in terms of efficacy and safety but didn't achieve the accepted minimum eradication rate (90%).</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2527539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future Science OAPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2527473
Asma Knaz, Soumaya Boujneh, Bechir Ben Radhia, Marwa Krifa, Iteb BenLimem, Wafa Benzarti, Ahmed Abdelghani
{"title":"Congenital pulmonary airway malformation type 2 associated with intralobar pulmonary sequestration in an adult patient: a case report.","authors":"Asma Knaz, Soumaya Boujneh, Bechir Ben Radhia, Marwa Krifa, Iteb BenLimem, Wafa Benzarti, Ahmed Abdelghani","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2527473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2527473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and pulmonary sequestration (PS) are among the most common congenital lung malformations and their association is extremely rare. In exceptional cases, patients with CPAM remain asymptomatic until adulthood. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who was hospitalized in our pneumology department for fever, cough and chest pain. Radiological and histological findings confirmed the coexistence of CPAM and PS. The patient underwent surgical resection and recovered well. This is one of the few reported cases in the literature that describe the uncommon association of CPAM and PS with an infrequent diagnosis in adulthood. Clinicians should consider congenital malformations in the differential diagnosis of recurrent respiratory infections, particularly when they affect the same pulmonary lobe.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2527473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The expression and prognostic predictive value of PD-L2 in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.","authors":"Xiuping Zhang, Maodong Fu, Zhiyong Li, Feng Shen, Huan Chen, Zhiming Wang, Jingmei Zheng","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2526993","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2526993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The expression and prognostic predictive value of programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer (GC) surgery remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PD-L2 expression in tumor cells (TC) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models were used to evaluate the association of PD-L2 with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 299 patients and the average age was 63.76 ± 11.83 years, with 218 males (72.91%) and 81 females (27.09%). TC PD-L2 expression was significantly associated with poorer DFS (HR = 2.177, 95% CI 1.364-3.474, P = 0.001) and OS (HR = 1.943, 95% CI 1.191-3.169, P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis confirmed TC PD-L2 expression as an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 2.121, 95% CI 1.325-3.393, P = 0.002) and OS (HR = 1.812, 95% CI 1.109-2.961, P = 0.018). PD-L2 in TIIC did not correlate with survival. Other poor prognostic factors included age ≥60, vascular invasion, advanced postoperative stage, and HER2 positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PD-L2 expression in TC is an independent prognostic biomarker in GC, linked to poorer DFS and OS, suggesting its potential for identifying high-risk patients for personalized therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2526993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future Science OAPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2476922
Carolina Coli Zuliani, Jéssica Bruna da Cunha, Victor Marchiori de Souza, Kleber Cursino de Andrade, Ângela Maria Moraes, Ibsen Bellini Coimbra
{"title":"Amniotic fluid MSCs for scaffold-free cartilage repair: spheroid fusion and chondrogenic microtissue development.","authors":"Carolina Coli Zuliani, Jéssica Bruna da Cunha, Victor Marchiori de Souza, Kleber Cursino de Andrade, Ângela Maria Moraes, Ibsen Bellini Coimbra","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2476922","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2476922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Articular cartilage injuries are challenging due to limited regenerative capacity, causing chronic pain and impaired mobility. Current treatments are often inadequate, necessitating novel cartilage repair approaches. This study investigates amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AF-MSC) as a promising cell source for tissue engineering.</p><p><strong>Research design and method: </strong>Cartilage-like microtissues were produced by differentiating AF-MSC into chondrocytes within a 3D culture system. Using a 3D-printed non-adhesive micromold, AF-MSC spheroids were formed and fused into larger microtissues. Spheroids were characterized for morphology, viability, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The mechanical properties of resulting microtissues were compared to native cartilage and agarose hydrogel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AF-MSC proved a viable, scalable cell source for cartilage microtissues. Spheroid fusion created structures with mechanical properties and ECM components resembling native cartilage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AF-MSCs differentiated into chondrocytes when stimulated with TGF-β3 in a 3D micromolded culture, forming uniform, viable spheroids with robust ECM production and mechanical properties. These spheroids fused into neocartilage microtissue, showing potential for regenerative medicine, especially osteoarthritis treatment and drug testing. Further research should optimize conditions and evaluate long-term biomechanical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2476922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future Science OAPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2536386
Khaled Alrosan, Mohanad Odeh, Tahani Alwidyan, Amjad Z Alrosan, Saba Madae'en
{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding health promotion of ovarian cancer among community pharmacists in Jordan.","authors":"Khaled Alrosan, Mohanad Odeh, Tahani Alwidyan, Amjad Z Alrosan, Saba Madae'en","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2536386","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2536386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer in women, which is characterized by nonspecific symptoms that delays its diagnosis until advanced stages, thus it has been called the silent killer disease. Since community pharmacists are easily accessible healthcare providers, and because of their roles in health promotion activities and disease prevention services; this study was conducted to better understand their knowledge, attitudes, and challenges toward ovarian cancer health promotion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An internet-based self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to community pharmacists in Jordan (n = 194) with a response rate of 53.9% through an online platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 75.2% of the community pharmacists had insufficient knowledge score of ovarian cancer and 58.2% had a higher-positive attitude. There was a significant association between the community pharmacist knowledge score and the work status or the education level (p < 0.05). The perceived lack of pharmacist' s knowledge and the absence of a private area in pharmacies for confidential conversations represent the major barriers (72.1% and 69.6%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite limited knowledge about the symptoms and risk factors of ovarian cancer, as well as barriers hindering the full realization of community pharmacists' roles, they demonstrated a positive attitude toward educating patients about ovarian cancer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2536386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future Science OAPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2541530
Jia Chen, Weixing Liu, Pei Li, Yue Liu, Zhiyuan Wang, Hui Liu, Jin Ye
{"title":"Causal effect of potential risk factors on obstructive sleep apnea: a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Jia Chen, Weixing Liu, Pei Li, Yue Liu, Zhiyuan Wang, Hui Liu, Jin Ye","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2541530","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2541530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Observational epidemiological studies have revealed that multiple risk factors may be associated with the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the causal relationship between them remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between potential risk factors and OSA risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was used to evaluate the causal association of 42 risk factors with OSA risk. Summary data on OSA were obtained from a recently published genome-wide association study including 16,761 patients with OSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suggestive associations with increased risk were observed for body mass index (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.99-2.42, <i>P</i> < 0.01), childhood body mass index (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.15-1.83, <i>P</i> < 0.01), overweight (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.17-1.74, <i>P</i> < 0.01), smoking initiation (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.49, <i>P</i> < 0.01), gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.40-1.82, <i>P</i> < 0.01), and depression (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.53, <i>P</i> = 0.01). Age at first birth (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and education (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.87, <i>P</i> < 0.01) were significantly associated with decreased risk of OSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a causal effect for several potential risk factors on OSA risk, including obesity, smoking, education, age at first birth, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2541530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasma metabolic landscape unveils key regulators of leukemia subtype progression.","authors":"Cong Liang, Jia-Yu Lin, Liu-Hua Liao, Shi-Yao Song, Jia-Tong Dai, Jia-Jie Chen, Zhi-Yong Ke, Hong-Man Xue","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2527015","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2527015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leukemia is driven by metabolic reprogramming, yet the specific causal roles of plasma metabolites in distinct leukemia subtypes remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore potential causal links between 690 plasma metabolites (and 143 metabolite ratios) and four leukemia subtypes: ALL, AML, CLL, and CML. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies served as instrumental variables. Multiple MR approaches, including IVW, MR-Egger, and Weighted Median, along with sensitivity analyses, were applied to ensure robust results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed subtype-specific metabolite associations. In ALL, metabolites such as 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate and γ-Glutamylglutamate showed positive associations, while Phosphocholine and Ceramide showed negative associations. AML was positively linked to GlcNAc/GalNAc and negatively to 1-Methylnicotinamide. CLL showed positive associations with Butyrate/Isobutyrate and Androstenediol Monosulfate, and negative ones with Docosatrienoate and α-Tocopherol to Sulfate ratio. CML exhibited negative associations with Cysteine-Glutathione disulfide and Piperine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our MR study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the metabolomic landscape of leukemia, identifying subtype-specific causal associations involving pathways such as energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid signaling, and redox homeostasis. These findings offer insights into potential plasma biomarkers and therapeutic targets, revealing distinct metabolic vulnerabilities that warrant further investigation for precision treatment strategies across leukemia subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2527015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12407637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144950447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation of the Kazakh-language version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in patients with arterial hypertension.","authors":"Gulnaz Nuskabayeva, Kanatzhan Kemelbekov, Dilbar Aidarbekova, Yerbolat Saruarov, Nursultan Nurdinov, Kumissay Babayeva, Ugilzhan Tatykayeva, Elmira Iskandirova, Dinara Nemetova, Philip Morisky, Ainash Oshibayeva, Karlygash Sadykova","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2569291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20565623.2025.2569291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effectiveness of pharmacological therapies relies not only on the intrinsic efficacy of medicines, but also medication adherence, the extent to which patients follow their prescribed regimens. Patients with chronic conditions, such as hypertension, are at an increased risk of exhibiting poor medication adherence. Therefore, identifying patients with poor medication adherence is an important aspect of treatment success.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>The present study aims to translate and adapt the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), a self-reporting questionnaire to assess patients' adherence to prescribed therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study validated the translated questionnaire and assessed its psychometric properties among a cohort of 400 patients with arterial hypertension in Turkistan region in southern Kazakhstan. The findings of the present study show that the Kazakh version of the MMAS-8 possesses high validity, reliability, and internal consistency, thereby confirming its appropriateness as a reliable tool for assessing medication adherence among patients with arterial hypertension in Kazakhstan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The psychometric properties of the Kazakh adaptation were comparable to those of the original English version and other validated non- English versions of the MMAS-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2569291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Case report: lichen planus in a patient with ulcerative colitis receiving sulfasalazine: a drug effect or a disease manifestation?","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed Nefzi, Haythem Yacoub, Asmahane Souissi, Hajer Hassine, Dhouha Cherif, Habiba Debbabi, Héla Kchir, Nadia Maamouri","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2024.2432240","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2024.2432240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lichen Planus is an inflammatory skin disease that has been reported to be associated with inflammatory diseases like Inflammatory Bowel Disease or with medication use such as sulfasalazine. We report a case of lichen planus in a 62-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis receiving sulfasalazine. Within three years of treatment, the patient developed an erythematous rash on her forehead and wrists, which gradually worsened and spread to her arms, forearms, neck, and upper back. Lichen planus was suspected and later confirmed through histopathological examination. Consequently, sulfasalazine was discontinued, leading to partial resolution of the skin lesions. Our case highlights the importance of a thorough patient interview, as the timeline of skin lesions in relation to medication use and disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2432240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future Science OAPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2471723
Guangyang Liu, Herui Wang, Xin Li, Yi Mi, Chenliang Zhang, Yaoyao Chen, Li Miao, Haomiao Long, Jun He, Qinggang Ge, Yongjun Liu
{"title":"Biodistribution and persistence of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in NCG mice: a comparative study.","authors":"Guangyang Liu, Herui Wang, Xin Li, Yi Mi, Chenliang Zhang, Yaoyao Chen, Li Miao, Haomiao Long, Jun He, Qinggang Ge, Yongjun Liu","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2471723","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2471723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to investigate the biodistribution and persistence of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in NCG mice post-intravenous injection, utilizing <sup>89</sup>Zr-PET/CT, bioluminescence imaging, multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>hUC-MSCs were labeled with <sup>89</sup>Zr-oxine (<sup>89</sup>Zr-MSCs) or transduced with luciferase gene (Luc-MSCs). Real-time tracking of <sup>89</sup>Zr-MSCs lasted for 14-days followed by mIHC staining of hCD73. Real-time tracking of Luc-MSCs lasted for 7-days, followed by mIHC staining of hCD73 and human Alu-based qPCR. All methods adhered to ICH and other regulatory guidelines for development of cell-based drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A biodistribution and persistence pattern was observed in the order of lung > liver > kidney > >spleen, although discrepancies were noted for the liver and kidney.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Each method exhibited strengths and weaknesses: <sup>89</sup>Zr-PET/CT enabled long-term tracking but encountered issues with <sup>89</sup>Zr shedding and dead cells; bioluminescence provided specific detection but was hampered by a rapid decline in signal; mIHC identified cells but relied on antigen abundance; qPCR detected minimal cell quantities but was unable to differentiate between live and dead cells. These limitations may obscure the true fate of cells <i>in vivo</i>, highlighting the need for more accurate and reliable assessment techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2471723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}