Fuel Cells最新文献

{"title":"Successful research on hydrogen technologies despite a pandemic health crisis (EFCF2021)","authors":"Thomas J. Schmidt,&nbsp;Emiliana Fabbri,&nbsp;Olivier Bucheli,&nbsp;Petra Bele","doi":"10.1002/fuce.2022701062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.2022701062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 25th edition of the European Electrolyser &amp; Fuel cell Forum (EFCF 2021) in Lucerne, Switzerland, focusing on low temperature electrolyzers, fuel cells, and H₂ processing, has taken place under unusual circumstances.</p><p>On the one hand, the urgency to fight climate change has finally reached the decision makers at the highest level of the European Union, putting in place the so-called “Green Deal” under Mrs. Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission. Hydrogen and related technologies are finally understood as enabler of a decarbonized economy and recognized as strategic field for the creation of a new industry and the associated jobs in Europe.</p><p>On the other hand, COVID19 pandemic has strongly affected the daily work of researchers and engineers, as well as the pace of progress due to practical reasons. The challenges of the pandemic situation and the restrictions applied due to this have obliged the organizers to keep the EFCF 2021 edition as a fully virtual event. The EFCF conference series is well known as more than a mere scientific and technical exchange on the latest results. Therefore, one of the main challenges was to facilitate direct interaction between peers. To accomplish this, a dedicated virtual meeting place was offered to allow people to exchange casually. Up to 80 conference participants simultaneously used the opportunity of this side-offering, and we are confident that this has led to new ideas and joint projects, as would have been the case physically in Lucerne.</p><p>Challenged by the political changes and the increased interest, EFCF2021 decided not to broaden the scope of topics but to focus on fundamental understanding of electrocatalyst materials and reaction kinetics, as well as progresses and current issues for fuel cell and electrolyzer systems, respectively. Furthermore, contributions related to advanced characterization and diagnostic methods as well as system modeling have been featured during the conference, and a session was dedicated to hydrogen processing including H₂ purification, compression, storage, and distribution.</p><p>In total, 157 papers were presented at EFCF2021, of which more than 100 were presented in live-streamed sessions. The poster presentations were freely accessible during the conference on EFCF's website in the form of pdf files or MP4 presentations. Finally, a limited number of scientific papers have been selected to become part of this special issue.</p><p>Many thanks are due to the Editor-in-Chief Prof. Ulrich Stimming and Associate Editor Dr. Petra Bele of the journal <i>Fuel Cells</i> – <i>From Fundamentals to Applied Systems</i> for their great support on publishing this topical issue in this esteemed journal.</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fuce.2022701062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43487400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Fuel Cells 6/2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/fuce.2022701061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.2022701061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EFCF conference series still continued the strong tradition as one of the leading international meetings in the field of low temparature fuel cells, providing an excellent opportunity to present recent technical progress, establish new contacts, and to exchange technical, industrial and busin.ess information. This conference series takes normally place in Lucerne, Switzerland, but due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic took place again as a virtual event.</p><p>The EFCF 2021 addressed issues of low-temperature Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers &amp; CO₂ Reduction. These technologies are also strongly linked to hydrogen and its process. The conference topics covered the range from fundamental understanding of relevant materials as well as of kinetics and mass/heat/water transport processes, H₂ purifcation, compression, storage and distribution, all the way to the implementation in real-world devices, requiring optimized engineering designs.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fuce.2022701061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43979577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst degradation under different test and poisoning conditions – Comparison parameters definition to map the effects on proton exchange membrane fuel cell voltage","authors":"Eleonora Gadducci,&nbsp;Tommaso Reboli,&nbsp;Massimo Rivarolo,&nbsp;Loredana Magistri","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered among the most promising technologies for hydrogen utilization in both stationary and transport applications. Nevertheless, the cost of its components – especially the catalyst and the membrane – is still consistent and far from the cost predicted by the US Department of Energy. It is therefore essential to predict the effect of contaminants on PEMFC materials and to estimate their useful life. The literature on this topic is consistent, but the absence of standards for the experimental tests under contaminated flows makes it difficult to extrapolate the generic degradation trends and compare the results of different publications. This work aims to collect and interpret the results of the recent studies on catalyst contamination: the voltage degradation rate and reduction effect are defined via a data modeling work to understand and compare the effects of different contaminants, their concentrations, exposure times, and current densities. Thanks to the results of the present study, some conclusions are drawn regarding the impact of the different pollutants on cell voltage decay, with attention dedicated to establishing a correlation that takes into account also the different operating conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42791522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the influence of Pt/C percentage and humidity on the voltage decay rate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"C. Mathan,&nbsp;P. Karthikeyan,&nbsp;P. Dineshkumar,&nbsp;K. Thanarajan","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Voltage degradation is the main parameter that determines the effective usable life of a fuel cell, here the influence of Pt/C% and relative humidity (RH%) on the voltage decay rate of a fuel cell is experimentally evaluated and reported. This study implements a stress test with frequent interrupts of purging for determining the durability of the fuel cells. In the course of the 1456 h stress test for each membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were measured. The experimental results make it evident that the lowest voltage degradation was 6 µV/h for MEA with 40% Pt/C tested under 70% RH while the highest was 183 µV/h recorded for MEA with 20% Pt/C tested under 90% RH. From EIS results, the ohmic resistance increased for all the tested MEAs, which is also reflected in the performance degradation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also indicate the delamination of MEA layers which in turn increases the electron transfer resistance. So, the decisive factors for the fuel cell performance degradation were flooding, catalyst surface contamination, and delamination of MEA layers due to repeated mechanical and chemical stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial peroxide-producing cell coupled in-situ enzymatic depolymerization for lignin biorefinery","authors":"Dhruva Mukhopadhyay,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Pratima Gupta","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lignin is one of the most versatile and complex macromolecules, which can be converted to value-added products such as p-coumaric acid and vanillin upon depolymerization. The current work explored oxidative lignin depolymerization in a microbial peroxide-producing cell containing manganese peroxidase enzymes. A double-chambered microbial peroxide-producing cell was constructed containing the immobilized manganese peroxidase on alginate beads in the cathode chamber, while the anodic chamber contained wastewater. This setup was run for 8 days after the addition of lignin in the catholyte. The voltage measured in the circuit was 0.491 V while the current and power densities were 223 µA/cm² and 110 µW/cm², respectively on the 8th day of the experiment. The maximum H₂O₂ concentration observed was 1.5 mM on the 6th day. Depolymerization of lignin was confirmed by the change in the significant peaks at 280 nm of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. A change in the signature regions of β-β linkages and β-O-4 linkages in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum was also observed. Liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of compounds including isoeugenol, acetovanillone, methacrylic acid, phenamacril, diofenolan, and jasmolin identified as the product of lignin depolymerization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47093285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remaining useful lifetime prediction methods of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on convolutional neural network-long short-term memory and convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-term memory","authors":"Yulin Peng MSc,&nbsp;Tao Chen PhD,&nbsp;Fei Xiao PhD,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhang MSc","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a promising energy conversion device, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been widely used in many fields. However, its commercialization is limited by its useful lifetime, so it's very important to predict the remaining useful lifetime (RUL). In this paper, an RUL prediction method of PEMFC based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed. First, for data processing, we use Savitzky-Golay to smooth the datasets, a box plot to remove the outliers, and Z-score to normalize the datasets. Then, we perform experiments on different lengths of time series data to find the best parameters and test the generalization ability of the model to long-term and short-term forecasts. Eventually, the results indicated that CNN-LSTM and CNN-bidirectional LSTM (CNN-BiLSTM) can get very accurate predictions with the relative error values of CNN-LSTM being 0.07% and CNN-BiLSTM only 0.03%. Furthermore, we discover that the training and prediction speed of the models are improved due to the addition of CNN. Therefore, we can quickly and accurately predict the RUL of PEMFC in the long term and short term.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45999396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of impurities in the cathode airflow on proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks","authors":"Michael A. Schmid,&nbsp;Tim Wagner,&nbsp;Benjamin Wiedemann,&nbsp;Joachim Scholta","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fuel cells for mobile applications obtain their oxygen from the ambient air in road traffic. This air has contaminations of various impurities that can have negative effects on the lifetime of fuel cell systems in vehicles. The identified most relevant contaminants are toluene, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and sulfur dioxide. A modified test bench enables different dosages of the above-mentioned pollutant gas concentrations on the cathode side. We examined influences both in static cycles for quasi-steady states and in dynamic cycles for rapid load changes to examine reversible and irreversible degradation effects. We showed that the harmful cathode gases examined could lead to a shortening of the service life of fuel cells. Whereas this is well known for higher concentrations of pollutants, this contribution provides data in the sub-ppm range – including the effects of gas mixtures – for which literature data is still limited.</p><p>Additionally, a physical fuel cell model is developed to analyze the effects of various contaminants. The overall intention is to determine acceptable contamination levels and thereby increase the lifetime of fuel cells with the help of simulations. The presented model allows for the computation of cell voltage dependent on cathode side media conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46170627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of a natural gas-fueled 1 kW solid oxide fuel cell-combined heat and power system with off-gas recirculation of anode and cathode","authors":"Li Wencong,&nbsp;Li Siyuan,&nbsp;Zhang Zhe,&nbsp;Bai Shuzhan,&nbsp;Li Guoxiang,&nbsp;Ma Kongrong,&nbsp;Qu Yao","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both anode off-gas recirculation (AOGR) and cathode off-gas recirculation (COGR) can increase the performance of solid oxide fuel cell-combined heat and power (SOFC-CHP) systems on their own, however, they both have unavoidable drawbacks. Thus, the combined effect of both on the system is worth investigating. The essential challenge is to figure out what the best AOGR and COGR ratios are under the combined situation. In this paper, the effects of varied AOGR ratios and COGR ratios on the system performance were investigated. A model of a 1 kW natural gas-fueled SOFC-CHP system was constructed which uses Cycle-Tempo software. It is demonstrated that moderate AOGR can improve the net electrical efficiency, but too much AOGR will reduce the H₂ concentration at the anode inlet and prevent the stack from working properly; moderate COGR can improve the thermal efficiency, but too much COGR can lead to large changes in current density variation and cause drastic changes in current, which affects the system and external electrical equipment. While, combining AOGR with COGR can improve both the net electrical and thermal efficiency, which results in higher total efficiency. As a result, the combined configuration of an AOGR ratio of 0.4 and a COGR ratio of 0.4 is recommended. In this scenario, the net electrical efficiency of the system is 47.38%, the thermal efficiency is 28.98%, the total efficiency is 76.37%, and the actual fuel utilization rate is 0.834.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48485089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of NbC/а-C:H films on titanium bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells","authors":"Yong Gou Dr,&nbsp;Guang Jiang Dr,&nbsp;Jiangtao Geng Dr,&nbsp;Zhigang Shao Dr","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface modification of metallic bipolar plates is a crucial subject for the performance elevation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, a series of NbC/а-C:H films with different Nb/C ratios are prepared by arc ion plating. Film microstructure, composition, mechanical properties, hydrophobility, interfacial contact resistance (ICR), and corrosion resistance in the simulated cathode environment of PEMFCs are systematically studied. The results show that within the experiment conditions, higher NbC content helps to promote the film hardness and adhesion strength as well as the interfacial conductivity. While higher а-C:H content attributes to a more compact microstructure thus improving the anti-corrosion performance. The best corrosion resistance and conductivity come with the lowest corrosion current density of 0.09 µA/cm² and ICR of 0.77 mΩ cm², respectively. Based on the result of this research, to further improve the comprehensive performance of NbC/а-C:H film, strategies for increasing the metal carbide content and preventing surface metal oxidation while keeping a dense and fine microstructure need to be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-assisted synthesis of Fe-N-C catalysts based on polyaniline with high oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activities in direct methanol fuel cells","authors":"Xuelin Zhang PhD,&nbsp;Chenjun Hou,&nbsp;Weijian Yuan PhD,&nbsp;Chengwei Deng PhD,&nbsp;Feng Ji,&nbsp;Li Tian PhD,&nbsp;Guochang Lin PhD,&nbsp;Huichao Deng,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202200118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.202200118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fe-N-C catalysts show great potential to replace Pt/C in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Polyaniline (PANI) is an ideal precursor with an abundant and homogeneous distribution of nitrogen sources. However, Fe-N-C based on PANI suffers from an unsatisfied performance in acidic media. Herein, a facile zinc-assisted synthesis of Fe-N-C based on PANI was reported in this paper. ZnCl₂ templates can be removed completely in the pyrolysis procedure, creating abundant porous structures to accelerate the mass transfer and boost ORR performance. Fe-N-C-2 with the adequate and optimizing amount of zinc shows an excellent ORR performance (<i>E</i>_1/2 = 0.91 V in alkaline and <i>E</i>_1/2 = 0.825 V in acidic media) compared with Pt/C (<i>E</i>_1/2 = 0.89 V in alkaline and <i>E</i>_1/2 = 0.84 V in acidic media). Furthermore, a high power density and a long-term operation within 6 h of direct methanol fuel cell based on brilliant Fe-N-C-2 verify a great promising application of potable power devices in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44354452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}