Frontiers in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Impact of intergenerational support on older adults' care expectations in rural areas in China.","authors":"Lianxia Wu, Tong Xie, Weihua Guan, Wei Li","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1423173","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1423173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As rural-to-urban migration accelerates, rural areas are experiencing a significant increase in empty-nesters among the older adults. Influenced by traditional concepts of filial piety, older adults in rural areas heavily rely on the family-based old care model, creating a complex interplay between supply and demand for older adults' care. This study investigates the relationship between intergenerational support and older adults' care expectations in rural areas. We construct measures of financial and care expectations of older adults' care to reflect older adults' intentions and choices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and rural case studies to employ a binomial logit regression model, moderation effect analysis, and in-depth interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our research reveals that the level of financial expectations for older adults' care is inversely related to the extent of financial support from the parental generation but positively related to the level of financial support from the offspring. However, the older adults' care expectations do not appear to be influenced by intergenerational support. Furthermore, population characteristics of the parental generation, such as educational attainment, age, and marital status, moderate the relationship between intergenerational support and older adults' care expectations. Educational attainment negatively moderates the impact of parental financial support on financial expectations, age positively moderates offspring's financial support on financial expectations. However, age negatively moderates offspring's financial support on care expectations, while marital status positively moderates offspring's financial support on care expectations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings help to elucidate the older adults' care expectations of rural residents during the process of urbanization and social transformation, offering family-centered solutions such as 'promoting cohabitation or proximity of children to their parents, developing diverse older adults' care models based on different family situations, and ensuring the provision of basic older adults' care services' to address the current challenges of rural older adults' care in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1423173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating a severe acute malnutrition outbreak in Dubti District, Awsiresu Zone, Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia (2022).","authors":"Abiyie Demelash Gashe, Dawit Zenebe Woldemichael, Fentahun Agegnehu Worku, Kedir Ali Mahmud, Aman Yesuf Endries","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1475104","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1475104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ethiopia is a global hotspot for child malnutrition, with an estimated 1.2 million children under five affected by severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in 2022. In response, the country has integrated SAM into its broader disease surveillance system. In January 2022, the Dubti District Health Office in the Afar Region detected an unusual surge in SAM cases through its surveillance system. This study aimed to assess the extent of the outbreak and identify the associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an unmatched case-control study involving 258 mother-child dyads from five affected kebeles in the Dubti District of the Afar Region Ethiopia. The descriptive study included all 442 SAM cases from the line list, while 86 cases and 168 controls were selected using a simple random sampling method for the analytic study. The data were entered into EpiData software (version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS software (version 25.0). Binary logistic regression (LR) analysis was performed to identify risk factors for SAM. Statistically, the results were summarized using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a <i>p</i>-value of <0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the cases was 22 months, with an interquartile range of 12-34 months. A total of 39 deaths were reported, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 8.82%. The identified SAM risk factors included households with more than five members (AOR = 3.341, 95% CI: 1.475-7.563), more than five under-five children (AOR = 4.442, 95% CI: 2.000-9.866), lack of vaccination (AOR = 3.641, 95% CI: 1.618-8.198), pneumonia (AOR = 5.61, 95% CI: 2.488-12.651), diarrhea (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 2.169-10.097), lack of access to sanitation and hygiene (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.462-6.934), and household food insecurity (AOR = 9.46, 95% CI: 2.095-42.712).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a significant outbreak of SAM, with a CFR of 8.82%. The outbreak was associated with factors such as large family sizes, having multiple under-five children, a lack of vaccination, pneumonia, and diarrhea. These findings emphasize the urgent need to safeguard essential child health services, water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and household food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1475104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter pollution and older adult health: global trends and disparities, 1991-2021.","authors":"Qiong Yi, Min Liu, Dandan Yan, Xu Wang, Deqian Meng, Ju Li, Kai Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1478860","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1478860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Particulate matter pollution (PMP) is a major global health concern, with the older adult being particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to analyze global trends in PMP-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among the older adult from 1991 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we examined the impacts of ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and household air pollution from solid fuels (HAP-SF). We analyzed trends across different regions, socioeconomic development levels, age groups, and genders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>APMP-related older adult deaths increased from 1,745,000 to 3,850,000, and DALYs from 32,000,000 to 70,000,000. However, age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 384 to 337 per 100,000. HAP-SF-related deaths decreased from 2,700,000 to 2,100,000, and DALYs from 54,000,000 to 42,000,000. Age-standardized mortality rate for HAP-SF declined from 580 to 188 per 100,000. High APMP burden was concentrated in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, while high HAP-SF burden was found in parts of Africa and South Asia. East Asia had the highest APMP-related older adult deaths (1,680,000) with an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 619 per 100,000. For HAP-SF, South Asia bore the heaviest burden with 1,020,000 deaths and an ASMR of 616 per 100,000. Females consistently experienced higher age-standardized DALYs rate than males for both APMP and HAP-SF across all regions and years. APMP burden showed a weak negative correlation with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) at the regional level (<i>r</i> = -0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.001) but no significant correlation at the country level. HAP-SF burden exhibited strong negative correlations with SDI at both regional (<i>r</i> = -0.74, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and country levels (<i>r</i> = -0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite overall improvements, PMP continues to significantly impact older adult health globally, with substantial regional and gender disparities. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, particularly in developing regions, and continued global efforts in air quality improvement and clean energy promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1478860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type II diabetes and cognitive function among older adults in India and China-results from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol studies.","authors":"Subidsa Srikantha, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Lindsay C Kobayashi, David Flood, Silvia Koton, Alden L Gross","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1474593","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1474593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Type II diabetes is a recognized risk factor of declining cognitive function in high-income countries. However, there is limited research on this association across low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to examine and compare the relationship between type II diabetes and cognition amongst adults aged 60 years and older for two of the largest LMICs: India and China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data was analyzed from population-based Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocols studies in India (<i>n</i> = 4,062) and China (<i>n</i> = 9,741). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models examined the relationship between diabetes (self-reported or biomarker HbA1c ≥6.5%) and general cognition. Interaction testing assessed effect modification based on urban versus rural residence and educational attainment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type II diabetes was not associated with general cognitive scores in India or China in fully adjusted models. Interaction testing revealed a positive association in rural but not urban residences in India, however this was not seen in China. Both countries showed effect modification by education attainment. In India, diabetes was associated with higher average cognitive scores among those with none or early childhood education, while the relationship was null among those with at least an upper secondary education. In China, diabetes was inversely related to average cognitive scores among those with less than lower secondary education, while the relationship was null among the remainder of the study sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The type II diabetes and cognitive function association in India and China differs from that observed in high-income countries. These findings suggest epidemiologic and nutrition transition variations. In India, health care access, urbanization and social differences between urban and rural areas may influence this relationship. In both countries, epidemiologic and nutrition patterns may adversely impact individuals from socially and financially vulnerable populations with less than lower secondary education. Longitudinal research using harmonized cognitive scores is encouraged to further investigate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1474593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public attitudes toward the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells: insights from an Italian adult population.","authors":"Noemi Elia, Federica Prinelli, Valeria Peli, Silvia Conti, Mario Barilani, Cecilia Mei, Silvana Castaldi, Lorenza Lazzari","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1491257","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1491257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), derived from reprogrammed adult somatic cells, hold significant promise for disease modelling, personalized medicine, drug discovery, and regenerative therapies. Public awareness and understanding of hiPSCs are crucial for advancing research in this field. However, limited data exists on the general population's knowledge and attitudes toward their use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to assess the awareness and perceptions of hiPSCs among Italian adults through a web-based survey conducted via the EUSurvey platform, using a snowball sampling approach. The survey included demographic information and mandatory questions on knowledge, awareness, and concerns regarding hiPSC technology, with responses collected on a 3-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared tests, with significance set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1874 respondents, the majority were aged 18-35 years (40.5%), female (63.4%), and university-educated (67.2%). Among those familiar with hiPSCs (54.1%, <i>n</i> = 1,201), 95.3% expressed willingness to donate blood samples for hiPSC generation to treat individuals with incurable diseases. Concerns about current research and therapeutic applications were low (less than 20%), but nearly half of the respondents were hesitant or opposed to the use of hiPSCs in animal experiments and their commercialization by pharmaceutical companies. Increased skepticism was observed in older, less educated, religious individuals, and those who were not blood donors. Overall, the Italian public shows strong support for hiPSC-based therapies, though reservations exist around specific ethical and economic issues.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of addressing public concerns through targeted educational campaigns, not only in Italy but globally, to foster a more informed and supportive environment for advancing stem cell research and its clinical applications worldwide. Similar studies have been conducted in Japan, the United States, and Sweden, but there remains a need for all countries to engage with their citizens to better understand how stem cell research is perceived locally. Such engagement is crucial for guiding international strategies in personalized medicine and regenerative therapies, ensuring that emerging technologies are met with both ethical integrity and public trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1491257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do government environmental audits reduce air pollution? Evidence obtained from Lanzhou.","authors":"Tianyou Chen, Ji Li","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1470112","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1470112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the effectiveness of government environmental audits in mitigating air pollution. Specifically, it focuses on a pilot project conducted in Lanzhou City by the former Ministry of Environmental Protection. The research employs a regression discontinuity design to empirically assess the impact of these audits on air quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilizes a regression discontinuity design to evaluate the impact of the government environmental audits. The primary outcome variable is the Air Quality Index (AQI). The analysis includes extensive robustness checks, such as sensitivity testing for optimal bandwidths of key pollutants, adjusting for precipitation levels, and conducting various robustness tests to ensure the reliability of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal a significant decline in the AQI following the implementation of the environmental audits. The AQI decreased from 31 to 25 during and after the audit period. Additionally, the study observed a notable increase in precipitation levels, suggesting potential environmental improvements. Robustness tests further confirm the reliability of the regression results.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The research outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of government environmental audits in reducing air pollution. By supervising local governments in the implementation of environmental protection policies, these audits contribute to improved air quality. The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions and policy enforcement in addressing environmental challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1470112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectations regarding school decreases emotional distress among college students in Western China: the buffering role of physical exercises.","authors":"Di Su, Lina Huang, Helin Zou, Lulu Zhang, Yi Feng","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1412199","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1412199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>College students in Western China face unique economic, cultural, and educational environments, yet limited studies have specifically investigated the factors or interventions concerning emotional distress within this population.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore whether school belongingness mediates the relationship between expectations regarding school and emotional distress among college students in Western China, and whether physical exercise moderates this mediation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a cross-sectional design, 1,063 college students in Xinjiang, China were recruited for this study. A self-administered electronic questionnaire assessed expectations regarding school, school belongingness, physical exercise, anxiety, and depression. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze mediating and moderating effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expectations regarding school was negatively associated with emotional distress. School exclusion and school acceptance fully mediated the effect of expectations regarding school on emotional distress. Physical exercise moderated the mediating effect of school exclusion, but not that of school acceptance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expectations regarding school and school belongingness, particularly the exclusion component, emerge as pivotal factors influencing emotional distress among college students in Western China. Furthermore, physical exercise presents itself as a promising targeted intervention for alleviating emotional distress within this demographic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1412199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental education, Family Health Climate and accelerometer-based measured physical activity and sedentary behavior of primary school-aged children.","authors":"Alexandra Ziegeldorf, Nina Hottenrott, Johanna Moritz, Petra Wagner, Hagen Wulff","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385703","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sociodemographic factors such as parental education level (ED) influence the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SED) of primary school-aged children. In this context, family factors, such as the physical activity-related Family Health Climate (FHC_PA), are relevant. However, the effect of FHC_PA on the interaction between ED and children's activity behavior has not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the mediating effect of FHC_PA on the relation between parental ED and children's device-based measured PA and SED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 94 children and their parents participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to assess parental ED and FHCPA. Children's moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED were measured using accelerometers. Bivariate correlations were conducted to investigate associations between parental ED and MVPA/SED/FHC_PA. Mediation analyses were used to investigate the role of FHCPA in the association between maternal and paternal ED and children's MVPA/SED. Results indicate a small correlation between maternal ED and FHC_PA for the total sample (ρ = 0.318, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and a medium correlation for girls only (ρ = 0.570, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Mediation analyses showed no significant mediation effect. However, there was a significant direct association when considering FHC_PA in the relation between higher maternal ED and SED in girls compared to lower ED.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Future research should examine more complex models to further develop and refine to facilitate the derivation of more effective recommendations for health prevention programs, particularly for mothers and girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1385703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding childhood obesity in Pakistan: exploring the knowledge, attitudes, practices of mothers, and influential factors. A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Muhammad Hudaib, Laraib Hussain, Laiba Nazim, Sumaira Mohi Uddin, Muhammad Usama Jamil, Shireen Qassim Bham, Hurais Malik, Abdul Rehman, Usaid Malik, Manahil, Ahmad Umais Ahad, Sanila Mughal, Mohammed Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1475455","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1475455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue with far-reaching implications. The World Health Organization reported that in 2020, around 38 million children under five were overweight or obese globally, and in 2016, 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were affected. In Pakistan, the situation is alarming; 66.9% of school-going children in Punjab were overweight, and 5.8% were obese in 2022. This study explores mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding childhood obesity in Pakistan and identifies factors contributing to this epidemic. Maternal perspectives are crucial as they significantly influence children's dietary habits, physical activity, and attitudes toward food and body image.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 at four medical centers: Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College Hospitals Karachi, Baqai Medical University Karachi, and Nishtar Medical University Multan. The study included 191 mothers with children aged 5 to 15 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions of childhood obesity. IBM-SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis, employing statistical tests like Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman, or Kendall Tau correlation to examine associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 191 mothers, 48.7% had education beyond intermediate, and 86.9% were housewives. The children's BMI distribution showed that 27.7% were obese and 21.5% overweight. Mothers had moderate knowledge (60.5%) about childhood obesity; 75.4% recognized its long-term health risks, and 62.8% associated it with diabetes. Attitudes were generally positive, with a 78.5% average score. Most mothers (73.8%) believed obesity could be controlled and had healthy practices (70.1% average score). However, 96.9% reported witnessing stigmatization of obese children, and 79.6% felt pressured by relatives about their child's weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that while Pakistani mothers have moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward childhood obesity, their practices are influenced by educational and socioeconomic factors. Addressing these disparities, enhancing public health initiatives, and mitigating stigmatization could improve childhood obesity management in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1475455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual- and system-level determinants of breastfeeding in a low-resource setting.","authors":"Miranda G Loutet","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1471252","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1471252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefits of breastfeeding are widely established and therefore the World Health Organization recommends that every child be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is low globally and has declined in Bangladesh in recent years. In this review, Bangladesh is used as an example to demonstrate the complex individual- and system-level determinants of breastfeeding in a low-resource setting. Mothers face barriers to breastfeeding within the context of marketing by commercial milk formula companies, limited safe alternatives to breastfeeding directly from the breast, and insufficient resources to support breastfeeding in the hospital, community, and workplace setting. Future research and implementation science is required to investigate the overlapping effects between breastfeeding and the high antibiotic use and Caesarean section rates in Bangladesh, along with public health efforts to promote breastfeeding based on robust evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"12 ","pages":"1471252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}