Frontiers in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"A nomogram to predict sarcopenia in middle-aged and older women: a nationally representative survey in China.","authors":"Jiayi Yang, Zihao Chen, Xinxin Dai, Liyao Jiang, Liyan Dai, Yu Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1410895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1410895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by losing muscle mass, strength, and function with age. Studies have shown that sarcopenia is generally higher in women than in men. Therefore, this study used the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data to explore further the risk factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, data from the 2015 CHARLS database were analyzed, comprising 7,805 eligible participants. Participants were categorized into either the sarcopenia group (<i>n</i> = 2,160) or the non-sarcopenia group (<i>n</i> = 5,645) based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. Through the utilization of logistic regression analysis, multiple risk factors were identified. Additionally, the predictive value of these risk factors was assessed by applying receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subsequently, a visual nomogram prediction model was developed by incorporating the identified risk factors into R4.1.2 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, area, education, marriage, waist circumference, stroke, body pain, depression, and region may be closely related to Chinese women with sarcopenia. In addition, this study integrated these sarcopenia-related variables into a comprehensive index, and ROC analysis results showed that the AUC of the composite index was 0.738.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that sarcopenia in Chinese women may be closely related to age, waist, education, marriage, area, stroke, physical pain, depression, and region. In addition, this study constructs a nomogram to help clinicians better screen potential female patients with sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1410895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between perceptions toward advertising and consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods among adults in the United States: results from a national survey.","authors":"Chan L Thai, Jacqui Villarreal, Jacqueline A Thai","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1516164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1516164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Much of the research on the effects of food advertising has been focused on children and adolescents; however, adults may also be influenced. Prior research has also shown that exposure to food advertisements have impacted the consumption behaviors of adults. The purpose of this study is to explore (1) the differences in perceptions toward and trust in food advertisements between racial/ethnic population subgroups; and (2) the associations between perceptions toward food advertising and the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor (EDNP) foods among adults using data from a national data set (<i>n</i> = 1,535).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) survey were utilized in this secondary data analysis study. We conducted one-way ANOVAs to evaluate demographic subgroup differences within advertising trust and perceptions, and utilized bivariate and multivariable linear regression models to examine associations between (1) the perceptions toward and trust in food advertisements between racial/ethnic population subgroups; and (2) the associations between perceptions toward food advertising and the consumption of EDNP foods, while controlling for sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show significant differences between racial/ethnic groups on advertising perceptions (<i>F</i> = 8.59, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Planned contrasts show that there was a statistically significant and meaningful difference (<i>p</i> = 0.04) between Non-Hispanic Blacks (mean = 2.85) and Non-Hispanic Whites (mean = 2.52) for trust in food advertising. Regression analyses show that as positive perceptions toward food advertising increase among adults, there is an increase in daily frequency of consumption of EDNP foods and drinks (𝛽 = 0.15, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). This pattern was similar for trust in food advertising (𝛽 = 0.13, <i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Given that previous studies have shown that ethnic minority groups, particularly Non-Hispanic Blacks, are more likely to be exposed to unhealthy food advertisements across various types of media, such as TV, billboards, and in grocery stores, it is possible that Non-Hispanic Black adults have greater trust in food advertising because of the increased environmental exposure to advertising through various channels of communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to food advertisements is linked to consumption of the foods found in those advertisements. Our results provide some initial empirical support for the cognitive mechanisms of how exposure to food advertising may contribute to consumption. Developing advertising literacy interventions to inoculate against the cognitive impacts of food advertising may be a viable strategy to limiting consumption of EDNP foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1516164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposures in children: a 5-year retrospective study.","authors":"Yanning Qu, Rui Tang, Zhuyan Duan, Mengyi Sheng, Hui Wang, Shuang Liu, Jiao Li, Linlin Guo, Linying Guo, Si Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1510205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1510205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to systematically analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical interventions and outcomes of children with acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included all children with acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposure admitted to the emergency department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Eligible patients were triaged into red, yellow, and green groups according to their severity condition. Clinical information including demographics, exposure details, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, treatments, and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, a total of 718 patients with acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposures was included in this study, infants and toddlers accounting for 57.9%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. The majority exposure events occurred at home (89.3%) and in urban settings (78.4%). Accidental poisoning was the predominant cause, accounting for 94.7%, and the primary route of exposure was oral (93.6%). Mercury was the most common exposed substance, representing 18.8% of cases, particularly among preschool-aged children (31.7%). Patients triaged to red zone had a higher proportion of clinical manifestation and required more aggressive treatments. Although most patients discharged without treatment (78.4%), 19.1% need emergency observation, and 2.5% required hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis showed that corrosive household products exposure (OR = 42.747, 95% CI[5.041-362.520]), skin and mucosal damage (OR = 37.052, 95% CI[5.339-257.153]), pesticides exposure (OR = 33.322, 95% CI[3.863-287.423]), heavy metals exposure (OR = 31.636, 95% CI[1.471-680.210]), neurological manifestation (OR = 22.656, 95% CI[4.766-107.711]), positive toxicology results (OR = 15.105, 95% CI[6.584-34.656]), industrial products exposure (OR = 10.294, 95% CI[1.144-92.641]), and intentional poisoning (OR = 3.060, 95% CI[1.733-5.405]) associated with hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric patients exposed to some specific toxicants like industrial products and corrosive household products might associated with a higher risk of severe clinical outcomes. Advocating for enhanced safety regulations or educations and public health initiatives to mitigate the incidence of such exposures is still important for protecting children's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1510205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of computer vision syndrome and associated factors among employees of Ethio-telecom in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Natnael Gizachew, Teferi Abegaz, Tenaw Demis, Melese Gashaw, Lidetu Demoze","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1524173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1524173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Computer vision syndrome refers to a range of eye and vision-related problems which may result from extended use of digital devices such as computers. It is a public health problem, affecting more than 70% of all computer users. In developing countries like Ethiopia, there is scarcity of studies on computer vision syndrome, particularly in the telecom industry making evidence-based interventions difficult. Hence, the study aims to identify the determinants and the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among Ethio telecom workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS and identify its factors among Ethio telecom workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Ethio telecom employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to June 2023. A total of 497 individuals participated in the study. Data were collected using an interviewer- administered questionnaire through Kobo Toolbox, observational checklist and an illuminance measuring instrument. The data were transferred to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association and control for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of CVS among Ethio telecom workers was 68.8% (95% CI: 64.5-72.9). Significant associations were observed with viewing distance <50 cm (AOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.24-4.33), improper task illumination (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.09-2.91), habit of taking breaks (AOR: 0.439, 95% CI: 0.281-0.686), and adjustment of brightness and contrast (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than two-thirds of Ethio telecom workers in Addis Ababa suffer from CVS, with significant influences from viewing distance, task illumination, breaks, and monitor settings. These findings underscore the need for interventions to enhance working conditions and reduce CVS prevalence among computer users.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1524173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of physical exercise in reducing caregivers burden: a systematic review.","authors":"Carla Cardoso, Maria José Lumini, Teresa Martins","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1474913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1474913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Caring for someone can be physically and psychologically demanding, predisposing caregivers to muscle injuries, fatigue, exhaustion, depression, anxiety, and burnout. The literature suggests several approaches to reducing caregiver burden, one of which is physical exercise. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of exercise-based programs or muscle relaxation in reducing caregiver burden and stress among family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in the Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases and through the EBSCOhost aggregator (CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, and SportDiscus). Studies were selected based on the PICOD acronym.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two other experimental studies were included. The reviewed programs encompassed aerobics, strengthening, and muscle relaxation exercises, delivered by various professionals in diverse settings, such as caregivers' homes, gyms, and hospital environments. Although the programs varied in type, duration, and structure, the majority of the studies demonstrated positive effects on caregivers' physical and psychological well-being, along with reductions in burden and stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that physical exercise interventions are effective in reducing caregiver burden and stress, while also enhancing overall well-being. Future strategies should emphasize the importance of raising awareness among caregivers about adopting healthy lifestyles, with a particular focus on regular physical activity, as a means of relaxation and self-care. To maximize the effectiveness of these interventions, incorporating flexible, home-based components and engaging multidisciplinary teams could enhance accessibility, adherence, and impact.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023446129, PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023446129.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1474913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between TyG-related index and hearing loss in people over 45 s in China.","authors":"Chao Wang, Mengdi Shi, Liangzhen Xie, Chenhao Jiang, Yunxin Li, Jingxiao Li, Shulin Li, Yan Li","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1506368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1506368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triglycerides and fasting glycemic index are biomarkers used to assess the risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. It and its derivatives such as the TyG-BMI index are currently able to reflect the degree of insulin resistance and are closely related to a variety of metabolic diseases. The relationship between the TyG-BMI index and hearing loss remains underexplored, particularly in the context of aging and public health. This study investigates the association of the TyG index, BMI index, and TyG-BMI index with hearing loss, with a focus on their potential implications for the aging population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database were analyzed using R software. We applied multi-factor logistic regression, linear regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses to assess the impact of the TyG index, BMI index, and TyG-BMI index on hearing loss across different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TyG index was not significantly associated with hearing loss. However, both the BMI index and the TyG-BMI index exhibited a positive correlation with hearing loss, particularly among older individuals. The results suggest that as the population ages, higher BMI and TyG-BMI indices may increase the risk of hearing impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the TyG index does not show a significant link to hearing loss, higher BMI and TyG-BMI indices are associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, especially in older adults. These findings highlight the importance of considering aging-related factors in public health initiatives aimed at preventing hearing loss. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and to develop age-inclusive strategies for addressing hearing impairment in the aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1506368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mediation analysis of meteorological factors on the association between ambient carbon monoxide and tuberculosis outpatients visits.","authors":"Tianfeng He, Xujun Qian, Jing Huang, Guoxing Li, Xinbiao Guo","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1526325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1526325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient carbon monoxide (CO) exposure has been identified as an emerging environmental risk factor contributing to the progression of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, the epidemiological evidence remains inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the short-term association between low-level CO exposure and PTB outpatient visits in a developing region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a time-series study utilizing a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with mediating effect analysis, based on daily CO and PTB cases from 2011 to 2020 in Ningbo, China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all patients with PTB, a 0.1 mg/m³ increase in CO concentration was associated with an increased risk of PTB outpatient visits in the single-pollutant model, particularly at lag days 2-6. The maximum relative risk (<i>RR</i>) was 1.091 (95%CI, 1.020-1.168, lag 0-2 days). Similarly, the maximum cumulative lag effect of CO exposure was 1.781 (<i>RR</i> = 1.781, 95%CI: 1.157-2.742, lag 0-15 days). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant effect of CO exposure in males (<i>RR</i> = 1.090, 95%CI: 1.009-1.777, lag 0-3 days), females (<i>RR</i> = 1.101, 95%CI: 1.014-1.195, lag 0-3 days), younger individuals (<i>RR</i> = 1.097, 95%CI: 1.022-1.178, lag 0-2 days), and during the warm season (<i>RR</i> = 1.012, 95%CI: 1.002-1.022, lag 0-4 days). Mediation analysis indicated that temperature had an indirect mediating effect on association between CO and PTB (-0.0065, 95%CI: -0.0130 to -0.0004), while air pressure, visibility, and humidity showed no significant mediating effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that ambient CO exposure, even at low levels, has a short-term impact on PTB in developing regions. Temperature plays a partial mediating role in this relationship. Consequently, it is critical to enhance environmental monitoring and early warning systems to effectively address the prevalence of PTB and the delays in health-seeking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1526325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the application of human-machine collaboration in healthcare: insights from China.","authors":"Wuzhen Wang, Liangji Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1507142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1507142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of the technological revolution and the digital intelligence era, the contradiction between the rising incidence of diseases and the uneven distribution of quality medical resources is highlighted, and the diagnosis and prevention of diseases, and the prognosis and management of diseases are particularly important in the current society of aging population. \"Human-machine collaboration\" is based on an intelligent algorithmic system that utilizes the complementary strengths of humans and machines for data exchange, task allocation, decision making and collaborative work to provide more decision support. The traditional healthcare model is highly dependent on the unified management of hospitals, which further increases the burden on the healthcare system and often makes it difficult to formulate and implement personalized and precise rehabilitation programs for patients, which seriously affects their prognosis and quality of life, and increases the risk of re-admission to hospitals. In view of this, human-computer collaboration, an innovation-driven technology, is a groundbreaking solution to the outstanding healthcare issues of today. We use the subject words \"Human-machine collaboration\" OR \"Human-Computer Interaction\" OR \"HCI\" AND \"chronic disease\" OR \"Health management\" OR \"Precision medicine \"were searched for CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library and other Chinese and English databases to identify all relevant studies and compare their results, and finally include 68 relevant literature articles, we identified the broad application of HCI in five main areas: disease screening and treatment, health management, medical education, traditional medicine, and the integration and processing of medical data. The aim is to review the concept of human-computer collaboration, its application in global healthcare environments, and the challenges it faces, with a view to continually driving innovation in healthcare models, optimizing the allocation of healthcare resources, and providing new paradigms for the development and application of innovative technologies in healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1507142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a rights-based approach to nutrition for women and children: harnessing the potential of women's groups and rights-based organizations in South Asia.","authors":"Monica Shrivastav, Vani Sethi, Avishek Hazra, Zivai Murira, Roopal Jyoti Singh, Krishna Wagh, Anuradha Nair, Veronica Kamanga Njikho, Sapna Desai","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1461998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1461998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women face numerous gender-based barriers that hinder their access to resources, nutritious foods, nutrition services, and maternity entitlements. Evidence shows that certain types of women's groups can improve women's access to resources and social capital and in some approaches also improve health and nutrition outcomes. Women's rights-based organizations in South Asia have a longstanding tradition of collective action toward gender equality. Women's rights-based organizations work in areas such as microfinance, livelihoods, women's rights, health, and combating violence against women. In this perspective article, we explore how women's groups and rights-based organizations can leverage their collective strength to advance nutrition outcomes for women and children. We identify seven pathways implemented through women's groups toward improving nutrition outcomes. These pathways include (i) income generation, (ii) agriculture, (iii) health and nutrition behavior change communication and participatory learning and action, (iv) advocating for rights to better health and social services, (v) food access, (vi) cash transfers, and (vii) strengthening service delivery and fostering convergence with health systems. We also note that women's groups have the potential to implement integrated interventions through combined food-systems-rights pathways. Investing in this area can support transforming nutrition policy from a service delivery model to a rights-based approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1461998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national population-based study of mortality and risk factors in COVID-19-hospitalized patients in Spain (2020-2021).","authors":"José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón, José Sánchez-Paya, Pilar González-De-La-Aleja, Juan-Carlos Rodríguez-Díaz, Esperanza Merino","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1488283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1488283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to analyze in-hospital mortality (IHM) among all COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Spain between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, and to compare two distinct periods: the prevaccination period (March 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021) and the vaccination period (February 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021). The objective was to assess the impact of vaccination on IHM and identify associated risk factors, using data from Spain's national hospitalization registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis used data from the Spanish National Surveillance System for Hospital Data. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality (IHM). Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors across the overall study period, as well as during the prevaccination and vaccination periods. Risk factors included age (in 20-year intervals), sex, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney failure, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and others), and admission to the intensive care unit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 524,314 COVID-19 hospitalizations were recorded in Spain, with 329,690 during the prevaccination period and 194,624 during the vaccination period. Hospitalization rates dropped from 697/100,000 people to 411/100,000, and in-hospital mortality (IHM) decreased from 16.2 to 11.5% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.70-0.73, <i>p</i> < 0.001). IHM rose with age, from 0.8% in patients aged 18-39 to 31.7% in those ≥80 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but significant decreases were observed across all age groups after vaccination, especially in those ≥80 years (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.75-0.79, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Risk factors for IHM remained consistent, with leukemia, neoplasm, and lymphoma posing the highest risks, while female sex (AOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.74-0.77, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (AOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.32-0.86, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the vaccination period, the risk of in-hospital mortality (IHM) was 29% lower than in the prevaccination period, after adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities. This reduced risk was observed across sexes, age groups, and comorbidities. The risk factors for IHM remained consistent between the two periods, with age as the main risk factor, while female sex and dyslipidemia were identified as protective factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1488283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}