Frontiers in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"<i>\"Any time because I am ready\"</i>: Willingness to use long-acting injectable HIV PrEP among female barmaids in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.","authors":"Winfrida Onesmo Akyoo, Idda Hubert Mosha, Albrecht Jahn, Rose Mpembeni","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1511801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1511801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a major global public health problem. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most severely affected, accounting for 69% of the people living with HIV worldwide. Currently, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP] pills are offered but are highly affected by non-adherence. Long-acting injectable PrEP has the potential to improve adherence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore awareness and willingness to use long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among users and non-PrEP user female barmaids in Ubungo municipality in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This phenomenological study used in-depth interviews to collect data. A total of 17 study participants were purposively selected. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. A thematic approach was used to identify patterns in the data. Key themes were coded using NVivo14 and then summarized into key findings.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The findings revealed that participants who were PrEP pill users and non-users were aware of PrEP pills. Few of the PrEP pill users were aware of the long-acting injectable PrEP. The majority of both users and non-users of PrEP pills were willing to use the long-acting injectable PrEP. A few PrEP non-users expressed fear for PrEP, citing safety, and insisted on continuous condom use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of participants are aware of and willing to use long-acting injectable PrEP when made available. The initiation of HIV long-acting injectable PrEP has the potential to increase protection options among female barmaids who are a population at risk of HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1511801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does inhabitant's fertility intention respond to housing status in the urban built environment: evidence from China.","authors":"Xuefang Zhuang, Qingyin Li, Tian Su, Siying Zhang, Rong Wu, Tianxiang Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1328329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1328329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The total fertility rate in China has been dropping in recent years, and this continuing trend has led to a series of problems. China has experienced periods of urbanization and housing reforms, leading to a significant boom in the real estate market. Housing status appears to be an essential factor influencing the fertility-related decisions of residents in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use cross-sectional data from a nationally representative large-scale tracking survey targeting the labor force in China. The research sample for this study comprised data from Chinese adults between the ages of 20 and 45. We highlight the importance of housing mortgages on fertility intention based on the Poisson regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data was collected from a total of 7,512 inhabitants. The results show the following: 1) Housing status is closely related to fertility intention, while housing mortgage and water contamination are negatively affected. 2) The urban built environment, social environment, and individual characteristics affecting fertility intention mainly occur in urbanization rate, green coverage rate in urban built-up areas (GCR), life satisfaction, mental health, age, gender, marital status, political status, and education status. Urbanization rate, GCR, life satisfaction, and mental health positively influence resident's fertility intention, whereas women and single show lower fertility intention. 3) In particular, there are significant regional differences in the mechanism of fertility intention. Such intention in the eastern and central regions is primarily related to housing mortgages, urban built environment, the degree of contamination in the habitat, and socioeconomic factors, while the intention in the northeastern region is related to soil contamination. Fertility intention in the western and northeastern region are strongly related to mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1328329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting the WHO physical activity guidelines and health-related quality of life of single parents in Ghana.","authors":"Obed Jones Owusu-Sarpong, Kabila Abass, Solomon Osei-Tutu, André Hajek, Razak M Gyasi","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1533284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1533284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Improving physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is critically important for achieving the health-related sustainable development goal (SDG 3). However, data on the association between PA and HRQoL, particularly among single parents, are limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examine the association between PA and HRQoL among single parents in Ghana and explore the modifying roles of sex, age, and spatial differences in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on 627 single parents were obtained through a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The EQ-5D-3L questionnaire was used to measure HRQoL. A hierarchical Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models evaluated the hypothesized associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PA was significantly associated with poor HRQoL even after accounting for all potential confounders (<i>B</i> = -0.298, SE = 0.132, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The association was further modified by sex (<i>B</i> = -0.619, SE = 0.206, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and age (<i>B</i> = -0.062, SE = 0.008, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Thus, the PA-HRQoL association was more pronounced among older and female single parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physical activity was negatively associated with poor HRQoL. Sex and age differences modified the association. Promoting PA may reduce poor HRQoL among single parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1533284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and connection: the impact of internet use on the depression of Chinese older adults.","authors":"Kaishan Jiao, Yue Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1524276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1524276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Internet usage has significant effects on the mental health of older adults, particularly in reducing depression levels. However, its impact may differ based on factors such as internet usage frequency, purposes, gender, and urban-rural residence. This study aims to examine the differential effects of internet use on depression among older adults, exploring the mediating role of social networks in these relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on panel data from the 2018 and 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, a fixed-effects model was employed to systematically analyze the impact of internet use (including whether they use the internet, frequency of use, and purposes of use) on the mental health of older adults. The mediating role of social networks (family networks and friend networks) was tested using the Bootstrap method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that internet use significantly reduces depression levels among older adults (coefficient = -0.440, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with notable differences in mental health benefits based on gender and urban-rural residence. Both family networks and friend networks mediate the relationship between internet use and depression. Specifically, older adults who use the internet frequently or for interpersonal communication tend to expand their social networks, which in turn improves their mental health. Family networks exhibit a stronger mediating effect compared to friend networks. However, the positive effects of leisure and information-seeking internet activities are partially offset by the reduction in social network size.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study highlights the complex relationship between internet use, social networks, and mental health in older adults. Significant gender and urban-rural differences exist in the impact of internet use on depression among older adults, indicating the need for tailored interventions. The findings also emphasize the importance of promoting internet use for social purposes while being mindful of the potential negative impacts of excessive digital engagement among older adults, particularly in rural areas. Additionally, social networks, especially friend networks, play an important role in enhancing the mental health benefits of internet use for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1524276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality and residents' health: a survey by the self-assessed health method.","authors":"Jing Yan, Shuai Cui","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1520354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1520354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Water is the source of life. The insufficient water resources and deteriorating water quality pose significant challenges to public health. This study investigates the impact of water quality on residents' self-assessed health rating using data from the 2016 China Genuine Progress indicator Survey. The analysis focuses on household cooking water sources (river/lake, well, tap, mineral/purified/filtered) and water pollution exposure in living or working environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ordered probit (oprobit) model was employed to analyze the relationship between water quality and residents' self-assessed health ratings, controlling for accessibility of medical services, individual lifestyles, and socio-demographic characteristics. The study also conducted heterogeneity analysis based on socioeconomic status and robustness checks using alternative dependent variables and estimation methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate that transitioning from river/lake water to safer sources-well, tap, and mineral/purified/filtered water-increases the probability of residents reporting self-assessed health ratings as \"very good\" by 7.9%, 10.4%, and 12.9%, while reducing the likelihood of \"very bad or not very good\" ratings by 7.2%, 9.4%, and 11.7%, respectively. Conversely, exposure to water pollution decreases the probability of \"very good\" health ratings by 2.4% and increases \"very bad or not very good\" ratings by 2.1%. The impact of cooking water quality on residents' health is more significant for lower socioeconomic status groups, while water pollution exposure affects higher socioeconomic status groups more. Robustness checks using hospitalization days as an alternative dependent variable and replacing oprobit with ologit/OLS models confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study underscores the critical role of safe water access and ecological protection in enhancing public health. Policy recommendations include using and managing water resources strictly for holistic water security, maximizing the potential of China's revised Environmental Protection Laws, establishing a cross-agency coordination mechanism to tackle pollution sources, and improving medical services and fitness facilities to advance the \"Healthy China\" initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1520354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health is indigenous: design and launch of the NW NARCH research academy for American Indian high school students.","authors":"Celena Ghost Dog, Amanda Kakuska, Stephanie Craig Rushing, Grazia Cunningham, Allyson Kelley","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1523998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1523998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes the collaborative process of designing the Northwest Native American Research Center for Health (NW NARCH) Research Academy. We describe the NW NARCH partnership-building process with federally recognized tribes in the United States, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho while outlining the goals and steps to indigenize the curriculum. The Research Academy curriculum utilized socioecological models and theoretical frameworks informed by indigenous pedagogies, like the Circle of Courage to further students' sense of belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity. NW NARCH recruited four sites in 2023 with tribal representation across the Pacific NW. From October 2023 to April 2024, NW NARCH delivered 11 virtual (live) sessions. Our evaluation of the Research Academy included a student-driven evaluation plan, a visual logic model, student and mentor surveys, and Canvas (online learning platform) page views. Preliminary findings and lessons learned from the first cohort of Research Academy students demonstrate that NW NARCH successfully built a public health pathways program for American Indian and Alaska Native students. The Research Academy successfully connected AI/AN high school students to relatable public health role models from a variety of professional pathways, including university professors and Tribal Epidemiology Center staff. Lessons from this first year of the NW NARCH underscore the importance of community- research collaborations and equity-focused programming for underrepresented racial /ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1523998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreational noise induced hearing loss: South African undergraduate students' perspectives.","authors":"Katijah Khoza-Shangase, Khothatso Mokhethi","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1534731","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1534731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recreational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an increasing public health concern among young adults who frequently use personal listening devices (PLDs) at high volumes for extended periods. Despite this, awareness of NIHL risks remains low, particularly among university students in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess undergraduate students' awareness of recreational NIHL, examining their earphone use habits, volume preferences, preventive behaviors, and associations between demographic variables and NIHL awareness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 154 undergraduate students at a large urban South African university. Quantitative data on listening habits, NIHL awareness, and preventive behaviors were collected and analysed using descriptive including thematic analysis and inferential statistics such as Chi-square tests to examine associations between variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (67.5%) reported daily earphone use, often at moderate (48.1%) or high (33.8%) volumes. Awareness of NIHL was low, with only 9.7% of students feeling very informed. Inferential analysis revealed significant associations between NIHL awareness and age (<i>χ</i> ² = 12.67, <i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as year of study (<i>χ</i> ² = 10.89, <i>p</i> < 0.05), with older students and those in upper academic years (third year or beyond) showing greater awareness. Preventive behaviors were inconsistent; 46.1% of students reported lowering volume, while 13.0% took no preventive measures. Further analysis revealed that students who preferred high volumes were more likely to adopt preventive measures, while those who preferred low volumes often took no action, perceiving their existing habits as safe. Thematic analysis identified concerns about hearing health, barriers to safe listening, influence of social norms, and misconceptions about ear health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight a high prevalence of potentially unsafe listening behaviors and low NIHL awareness among South African university students. Recommendations include university-based hearing health programs, leveraging social media for outreach, integrating education into first-year curricula, and promoting affordable protective options, and social media campaigns targeting safe listening practices. These measures could help foster safer listening habits and reduce NIHL risk within this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1534731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sleep quality and MCI in older adult patients with multimorbidity.","authors":"Ting Yang, Guoyan Zheng, Shuzhi Peng","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1547425","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1547425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationship between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment in older adult patients with multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The general data of older adult patients with chronic diseases were collected, and the sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of older adult patients with multimorbidity were investigated by questionnaire. Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the correlation between sleep quality and MCI in older adult patients with multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are 902 valid samples in this study, of which 333 (36.9%) have MCI. The number of chronic diseases ranges from 2 to 6, and the number of types of medication ranges from 0 to 7. The score of PSQI is 2-18, with an average score of 11.13. MoCA score range is 7-30. The MoCA score of MCI patients is lower than that of Non-MCI patients. In all three models, PSQI score is significantly correlated with MCI. The results of the segmented regression analysis show that: the inflection point of MCI's PSQI scoring relationship is 12. RCS result display: with the increase of PSQI score, the OR increases between PSQI score and MCI, when PSQI score reaches 12, OR is significantly higher than 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep quality is an important influencing factor of MCI, and there is a threshold effect in the above association. According to this correlation, health professionals can take measures to improve the sleep quality of older adult patients with multimorbidity to reduce the occurrence of MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1547425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deepening the construction of family doctor teams through the integration of the \"1 + 1\" working method: practice and exploration at the Qingling Street Community Health Service Center in Wuhan, Hubei Province.","authors":"Yan Wu, Wei Tan, Yifeng Liu, Wenbo He","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1446669","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1446669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The family doctor system is crucial in connecting primary care and public health services. This study evaluates the \"1 + 1\" working method implemented at the Qingling Street Community Health Service Center in Wuhan, China. The method integrates a close-knit medical consortium and refined management to enhance service delivery. Key outcomes include a 95.33% coverage rate among high-risk populations, an 81% contracting rate for older adult patients, and an 87% reduction in acute chronic lung disease episodes among seniors. These results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in improving service capacity and health outcomes. Future research should focus on assessing the scalability of the model and refining incentive mechanisms to support the \"Healthy China\" initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1446669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate in relation to biological aging in U.S. adults, a cross-sectional NHANES study.","authors":"Weiliang Kong, Yina Jin","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1518254","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1518254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have investigated the associations between perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate (PNT) and biological aging. This study aimed to assess the association between PNT and biological aging among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS), we analyzed urinary PNT levels' impact on phenotypic age and biological age. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models examined PNT mixtures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>8,368 participants were analyzed. Mean phenotypic age was 43.05 ± 0.48 years, mean biological age was 47.08 ± 0.4 years. Multivariable linear regression showed significant negative associations between higher PNT levels and phenotypic age (perchlorate <i>β</i> = -0.6, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.27; nitrate <i>β</i> = -0.81, 95% CI: -1.19 to -0.42; thiocyanate <i>β</i> = -0.56, 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.34) after covariates adjusted. RCS demonstrated negative nonlinear relationships between PNT exposure and phenotypic age (nonlinear <i>p</i> values: 0.002, <0.001, and <0.001), with stable results in sensitivity analyses. Nitrate exposure showed a significant negative association with biological age (<i>β</i> = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.44), indicating a consistent negative linear relationship observed through RCS and remaining stable across sensitivity analyses. WQS regression revealed a negative association between the mixture and phenotypic age in both positive and negative directions, with a significant negative association with biological age in the negative direction. BKMR analysis revealed a negative association between PNT mixtures and phenotypic age, with nitrate and thiocyanate identified as the primary predictors of phenotypic age. No association found between PNT mixture and biological age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individual or combined PNT are negatively associated with phenotypic age. High nitrate is associated with reduced biological age, showcasing consistent outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1518254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}