Frontiers in Materials最新文献

{"title":"Environmental aging of reinforced polymer composite radome: reliability and performance investigation","authors":"Imran Haider, Iftikhar Hussain Gul, Shahid Aziz, Muhammad Iftikhar Faraz, Muhammad Ali Khan, Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, Dong-Won Jung","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1427541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1427541","url":null,"abstract":"In high-speed microelectronic communication, efficient and reliable radome-enclosed antenna performance is highly desired, which depends on consistent dielectric, mechanical properties, and low moisture absorption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dielectric properties of fiber-polymer matrix composite (PMC) radome over wideband frequency and the impact of environmental aging on its performance. The dielectric constant (Ɛ<jats:sub>r</jats:sub>) of the SF/E<jats:sub>0.8</jats:sub> (80% fiber loading) composite radome material decreased to 4% from its original value (3.93), and dielectric loss (δ) was reduced by 11% from 0.035 (2–18 GHz), while SEM morphology indicated fair interface bonding. Employing the Hallberg and Peck model, equivalent aging time (5–25 years), upon accelerated environmental aging, Ɛ<jats:sub>r</jats:sub> was increased up to 3.69%, δ to 9.68%, and the moisture uptake in the SF/E<jats:sub>0.8</jats:sub> composite was increased from 1.13% to 1.67%, while tensile strength was retained up to 90.62% of its original value (147.83 MPa), compression strength up to 93.56% of its original value (388.54 MPa), flexural strength up to 85.44% of its original value (286.77 MPa), and interlaminar shear strength up to 77.66% of its original value (22.03 MPa), respectively. SF/E<jats:sub>0.8</jats:sub> radome-enclosed antenna gain was decreased to 1%, and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was increased to 1.04% from their original values. This gradual and small deviation of SF/E<jats:sub>x</jats:sub> composite properties and radome electrical performance over the extended aging time is referred to as reliable and effective for radome applications.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141777166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal effect and evolution mechanism of sand-bentonite mixture liner swelling under the influence of sand and diesel","authors":"Ye-yang Chun, Zhengquan Liu, Yong He, He Wei, Dongpo Su","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1447496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1447496","url":null,"abstract":"To elucidate the time-dependent swelling behavior of landfill sand-bentonite mixture liners under the effect of organic pollutants, an no loading swelling ratio test was conducted on mixtures with varying sand and diesel content. The evolution characteristics of the swelling time curve morphology were investigated. The micro-mechanisms underlying the swelling time effect evolution were explored. The results indicated that the sand-diesel interaction significantly altered the swelling time curve morphological characteristics of the mixture. As the sand content increased, the swelling coefficient at the stable state decreased. However, during the rapid swell phase, diesel-contaminated mixed soil does not exhibit the increase-then-decrease pattern in swell coefficient seen in unpolluted mixed soil. The duration of both the slow swelling phase and the time to reach a stable state were longer. Mechanistic analysis revealed that cation exchange capacity is insufficient to effectively analyze the evolution characteristics of the swelling time curve. Instead, the initial swelling potential of bentonite is the true indicator of the mixture’s swelling properties. The particle size distribution influences the changes in the swelling coefficient during the rapid swelling phase, but diesel alters the particle size distribution, mitigating its impact. The oil sealing effect within intra-aggregate and inter-aggregate pores not only weakened the swelling characteristics of the mixture at all stages but also increased the permeability resistance, thereby reducing the duration of the rapid swelling phase and extending the slow swelling and stable swelling phases.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141777167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced nano-SiO2 concrete after high temperature","authors":"Weidong Yang, Huaxin Liu, Hesong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1415144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1415144","url":null,"abstract":"In enhancing the high-temperature resistance of concrete, incorporating fiber materials was established as an effective approach. This study focused on evaluating the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, prism compressive strength, and flexural strength of plain concrete, nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concrete, and basalt fiber nano-SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concrete when subjected to elevated temperatures. Subsequently, a concrete strength prediction model was established, and a microstructure analysis of the specimens was conducted. The results indicated that after exposure to 800°C, the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, prism compressive strength, and flexural strength of basalt fiber-reinforced nano-SiO₂ concrete increased by 33.7%, 15.6%, 10.4%, and 17.2%, respectively, compared to plain concrete. Furthermore, the fitting values of the strength prediction model were all above 0.9. Microstructure analysis revealed that the filling effect of nano-SiO₂ made the concrete matrix denser, while the basalt fiber effectively restrained the formation of cracks in the concrete matrix. Additionally, nano-SiO₂ promoted the formation of hydrated calcium silicate from Ca(OH)₂(CH) and adhered to the basalt fiber, enhancing bonding and reducing the risk of concrete spalling.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of fungal and bacterial bioremediation techniques for the treatment of toxic waste and biowaste","authors":"N. Thirumalaivasan, Lalitha Gnanasekaran, Suresh Kumar, Rajesh Durvasulu, Thanigaivel Sundaram, Saravanan Rajendran, Senthilkumar Nangan, Kuppusamy Kanagaraj","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1416445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1416445","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating accumulation of toxic wastes and biowastes constitutes a critical environmental crisis that demands immediate and effective solutions. Traditional waste treatment methods, predominantly chemical and physical, are increasingly viewed as unsustainable, burdened by high operational costs and the risk of generating secondary pollutants. Against this backdrop, bioremediation emerges as a crucial and sustainable alternative, utilizing the natural detoxifying capabilities of microorganisms. This review article focuses on the use of fungal and bacterial strategies in bioremediation, emphasizing their vital role in the degradation, stabilization, or detoxification of pollutants. We provide an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which fungi and bacteria break down various contaminants, presenting a current snapshot of the field’s state of knowledge. The article highlights recent innovative advancements that improve the effectiveness and expand the applicability of bioremediation technologies. Moreover, it discusses the practical challenges of scaling these solutions to meet global environmental needs and suggests directions for future research and implementation. This synthesis not only underscores the significance of microbial bioremediation in addressing pressing environmental problems but also acts as a call to action for continued innovation in the sustainable management of hazardous wastes.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of preparation parameters on rheological properties and relation analysis of waste rubber modified bitumen mastic","authors":"Honggang Zhang, Yangpeng Zhang, Jie Chen, Wenchang Liu, Wensheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1435814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1435814","url":null,"abstract":"Waste rubber modified bitumen has gained significant attention as a sustainable and innovative material in the field of pavement engineering. This study aims to evaluate the performance of rubber modified bitumen mastic by considering its rheological properties, specifically focusing on preparation parameters, i.e., rubber content, mesh number, and filler to bitumen ratio. From the experimental results, the rheological properties of rubber modified bitumen mastic were significantly influenced by preparation parameters. Increasing the rubber powder content in bitumen mastic results in higher viscosity. Increasing the rubber content improves high-temperature rutting resistance to a certain extent, however, excessive rubber powder content would result in weakened high-temperature performance improvement. The rutting factor decreases gradually with an increase in the rubber mesh number. A ratio of filler to bitumen of 0.95 exhibits the best resistance to rutting at high temperatures. Higher rubber content and larger mesh number correspond to stronger low-temperature crack resistance in bitumen mastic. As the ratio of filler to bitumen increases, the low-temperature deformation capacity gradually decreases, resulting in weaker low-temperature crack resistance. Based on the grey relation analysis, the ratio of filler to bitumen has the greatest impact on the high and low-temperature rheological properties of bitumen mastic, followed by the rubber content. The rubber mesh number has a relatively lower impact. It is crucial to control the ratio of filler to bitumen to avoid excessive values. When possible, a higher rubber powder content should be used while meeting process requirements. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of rubber modified bitumen mastic, which can contribute to the development of sustainable and high-performance bitumen mixtures, promoting the use of recycled rubber in pavement engineering.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of palladium electrical contacts in interactions with carbyne nanomaterial solid matter","authors":"Mariya Aleksandrova","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1422398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1422398","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traps at the interface between carbyne and palladium nanocoatings, produced at different growth conditions, are explored by current-voltage characteristics, scanning electron microscopy and thermal stimulation of charges for evaluation of their nature. It was found that the Pd films can form an Ohmic contact with the carbyne at certain deposition conditions and such deviated from the Ohmic behavior according to the RF sputtering voltage. This growth parameter was found to affect the interfacial traps formation on the carbyne surface, which is important feature for the charge trapping and releasing properties for hydrogen isotopes in the context of the energy release applications.Methods, Results and Discussion: The sputtering voltages of 0.5 kV and 0.7 kV were found unsuitable for controlled trap formation. Based on the currentvoltage and thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements, a sputtering voltage of 0.9 kV appeared to be more favorable compared to 0.5 kV and 0.7 kV. At 0.9 kV thermal activation of charge carriers are enabled at lower thermal energies, showing a distinct change in TSC behavior correlated to trap activation.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141578117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: 2022 retrospective, carbon-based materials","authors":"Zaka Ullah","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1438039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1438039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on static mechanical properties of high-performance rubber concrete","authors":"Jinjin Ge, Gilbert Mubiana, Xiaoyu Gao, Yunfei Xiao, Suyong Du","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1426979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1426979","url":null,"abstract":"High performance concrete (HPC) has the characteristics of high strength, high brittleness and low toughness, so it can not be widely used in engineering field. The rubber particles themselves have good elasticity and excellent wear resistance. To this end, rubber particles were used to prepare high performance rubber concrete (HPRC) instead of fine aggregate, and compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests were carried out according to standard test methods. These data were evaluated, and it was found that adding different mesh number (10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh) and different content (10%, 20%, 30%) of rubber particles reduced the compressive and tensile properties of high-performance rubber concrete to different degrees. The rubber particles with l size of 30 mesh and content of 10% have the least influence on the mechanical properties of high-performance rubber concrete, and the compressive strength and tensile strength of HPC 28 days only decrease by 18.19% and 5.56%, respectively. From the damage form, the addition of rubber particles makes the high performance concrete change from brittle to ductile. The research shows that recycling rubber from waste tires into concrete manufacturing is an environmentally friendly and feasible waste management strategy. These results have the potential to replace concrete in construction and promote sustainable growth.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local thermal warpage deformation of polypropylene injection molded flat part and neural network prediction model","authors":"Jian Wang, Tao Liu, Kaihuang Zheng, Hao Liu, Hongdao Cui, Hang Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1421546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1421546","url":null,"abstract":"Warpage deformation is a typical phenomenon for polymer injection-molded parts, mainly caused by unbalanced cooling, and it is inevitable. Complex process parameters usually lead to uncontrollable thermal behavior of the polymer materials during injection molding and significant experimental errors. This work presents an experimental mold with a flat mold cavity and nine local heating sections to determine the exact effect of temperature difference on the thermal deformation of injection molded parts. Through local heating at different positions, different warpage deformation was caused. Experimental results demonstrated the relationship between the local temperature and the local thermal warpage. The predicted results of local temperature distribution by numerical simulation presented a strong negative correlation with the experimental results (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 67%); however, the warpage prediction results by numerical simulation were moderate (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 35%). Machine learning with neural networks was further conducted based on the experimental results. When more data was given with a suitable neural network structure, the model prediction accuracy of warpage could be up to 97%, while for the extrapolation test, the prediction accuracy could also be up to 89%. This local thermal heating technique and neural network modeling method can be applied in further theoretical investigation of warpage of injection molded parts and support the development of new models with high accuracy in predicting warpage deformation.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The flexural mechanical properties and mesoscopic mechanisms of fracture failure of HPC with ASR inhibition measures under prolonged alkaline solution immersion","authors":"Juan Guo, Weifeng Liu, Jianbo Guo, Hongfa Yu, Haiyan Ma, Jun Yan, Qinghua Tao, Weiquan Gao, Meng Zhang, Fang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1407922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1407922","url":null,"abstract":"The harsh geological conditions in the northwest region of China, characterized by widespread saline-alkali soil rich in alkali ions, pose a high risk of Alkali-Silica reaction (ASR) in concrete, particularly due to the presence of ASR-active natural river sands. To address ASR hazards, locally applied concrete often employs High-Performance concrete (HPC) prepared with high proportions of mineral admixtures. In this paper, the alkali content is controlled by adding mixed water with NaOH to the initial configuration of concrete, and three different alkali content states are set up. A 1 mol/L NaOH solution was used to simulate alkaline conditions, and HPC specimens were immersed for an extended period to investigate the effects of equivalent alkali content, immersion time, concrete strength, and admixture on the flexural mechanical properties of HPC under the condition of long-term alkali immersion. Results indicate that, the strength grade was positively correlated with the flexural strength of HPC, but the alkali content was negatively. Initial immersion significantly enhances strength, followed by a gradual decline after long-term immersion. Among three types of admixture addition methods, the impact on flexural strength of HPC immersed in alkaline solution for 10 years follows the order: Double doped air entraining agent and rust inhibitor is greater than single doped air entraining agent is greater than single doped rust inhibitor. In the process of macroscopic test, it is difficult to observe the variation rule of stress and strain in detail, only the final aggregate failure mode can be analyzed. In order to analyze the strain change of the specimen and the failure process of the aggregates more accurately, a three-dimensional random aggregate concrete mesoscopic model was established, and equations relating microhardness to the mechanical properties of concrete components were derived from statistical analysis, providing a basis for parameter selection in the model. Results demonstrate that with increasing strength, the occurrence time of initial cracks is delayed, and the ratio of cracks bypassing aggregates (cracks develop along the ITZ between aggregate and mortar until complete failure) decreases, and the ratio of cracks penetrating aggregates (cracks develop directly through aggregates in an almost vertical direction) increases.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}