Frontiers in Materials最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of thermal protection performance and empirical study of flame-retardant cotton based on a combined model","authors":"Siyuan Zhang, Keai Ma, Lijian Wang, Zhemin Zhang, Xiangyu Ye, Jinzhong Zhang, Haihang Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1454935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1454935","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal protection performance (TPP) is an important index to evaluate the performance of firefighting clothing. The purpose of this work is to build a model to predict the TPP values of fabrics with fewer variables. Two properties of flame-retardant cotton were tested with TPP values under different air gaps, and the correlations between these properties were also analyzed. A combined model was established by integrating multivariate nonlinear regression model and gradient boosting regression tree model. Then the combined model was compared with these two single models. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between gram weight and thickness of fabric and TPP value were 0.833 and 0.837, respectively, indicating a strong correlation. The correlation coefficient between air gap and TPP value was 0.304, indicating a weak correlation. In predicting the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant cotton, this study employed a multivariate nonlinear regression model, a Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) model, and a combined model. After comparing various evaluation metrics, it was finally decided to adopt the combined model for predicting the thermal protective performance values of flame-retardant cotton. This method improved the prediction accuracy of thermal protective performance, facilitating the promotion and application of the combined model. Furthermore, when exploring the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant cotton, the use of fewer variables to establish the prediction model can not only significantly simplify the complex structure of the model but also greatly enhance the analysis efficiency, ensuring the efficiency and precision of the research process.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-infrared optical coherence tomography and machine learning for inspection of 3D-printed ceramics at the micron scale","authors":"Bettina Heise, Ivan Zorin, Kristina Duswald, Verena Karl, Dominik Brouczek, Julia Eichelseder, Martin Schwentenwein","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1441812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1441812","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn this paper, recent developments in non-destructive testing of 3D-printed ceramics and monitoring of additive manufacturing of ceramics are presented.MethodsIn particular, we present the design and use of an inline mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (MIR-OCT) system to evaluate printed and micro-structured specimens in lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM).ResultsThe proposed system helps with the detection of microdefects (e.g., voids, inclusions, deformations) that are already present in green ceramic components, thereby reducing the energy and costs incurred.DiscussionThe challenges during integration are discussed. Especially, the prospects for MIR-OCT imaging combined with machine learning are illustrated with regard to inline inspection during LCM of printed ceramics.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance-based engineering: formulating sustainable concrete with sawdust and steel fiber for superior mechanical properties","authors":"Ahsan Waqar, Muhammad Basit Khan, Taoufik Najeh, Hamad R. Almujibah, Omrane Benjeddou","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1428700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1428700","url":null,"abstract":"Construction using eco-friendly materials reduces environmental impact and promotes sustainable practices. This research uses sawdust and steel fibers to design sustainable concrete. The main goal is to improve mechanical properties and reduce embodied carbon emissions. This study examines the mechanical properties of concrete with different sawdust and steel fiber combinations to fill a gap in the literature. In this research synergistic effect of saw dust and steel fiber on concrete characteristics have been studied. The research also examines these pairings’ environmental benefits. This study used a response surface methodology (RSM) to design an experimental program and assess the effects of input variables (sawdust and steel fiber percentages) on output responses like compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), embodied carbon (EC), and eco-strength efficiency (ESE). Established testing methodologies and RSM provided an optimum prediction model based on specimen mechanical properties. Sawdust and steel fibers enhances concrete’s mechanical properties. Varying proportions of both materials were added in mix; sawdust (0%–12%) and steel fiber (0%–2%). The experimental findings suggest that the optimized composition achieved the following mechanical properties: 13.85 MPa compressive strength, 1.4 MPa split tensile strength, 3.67 MPa flexural strength, 18.027 GPa modulus of elasticity, 211.272 kg CO2e/m3 embodied carbon, and 0.065487 eco-strength efficiency. This research showed that the aims of improving mechanical properties and reducing embodied carbon were achieved. As per multi-objective optimization, optimal percentages of saw dust and steel fibers in concrete are 11.81% and 0.063% respectively. The investigation yielded many suggestions. To test the optimal blend composition of ecologically friendly concrete in real-world building projects, start with realistic projects. Finally, life cycle evaluations and cost studies are needed to determine the environmental and economic impacts of eco-friendly concrete compared to standard options.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural behavior of a UHPC slab - FRP truss hybrid beam implementing a novel FRP joint and tailored shear connector","authors":"Jian Zhou, Yu Feng, Xiangzhi Huang, Jingquan Wang, Rui Zhong","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1460387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1460387","url":null,"abstract":"A full-scale hybrid beam consisting of a UHPC slab and FRP truss girder was fabricated. The novel side plate FRP joint characterized with improved load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and preferred failure mode along with the tailored shear connector validated in the previous studies of the authors were adopted. Its flexural performance was characterized and compared with that of hybrid beams employing NC or UHPC slab but I-profile girder. The failure of the proposed hybrid beam subjected to bending was pseudo ductile whereas those of the other two hybrid beams were brittle. The load-carrying capacity and stiffness of the proposed hybrid beam outperformed the other two hybrid beams with comparable dimensions and material properties.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband acoustic pseudospin topological states based on the reverse spin-orbit coupling in generalized insulators","authors":"Chongrui Liu, Yibing Lu, Zhenxin He, Wenliang Guan, Zhen Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1461722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1461722","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic topological insulators have the excellent characteristic of the pseudospin-dependent one-way transmission of sound edge states immune to backscattering. We realize the broadband acoustic pseudospin topological edge states with subwavelength generalized topological insulators, which is achieved by reverse pseudospin-orbit coupling. The subwavelength band and broadband nontrivial bandgap can be achieved by adjusting the topological structure of the scatterers and introducing resonators. The results demonstrate that the resonator can significantly reduce the frequencies of <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-states and <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>-states by introducing resonance scattering; the scattering size and rotation angles change the frequencies of <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-states and <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>-states in opposite directions by adjusting the distribution of the sound field. Then, we experimentally realize the pseudospin-dependent one-way transmission of sound edge states along the interface separating phononic crystals with distinct topological phases. Our research provides a systematic scheme for the design of acoustic topological insulators with versatile applications.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in improving tribological performance of titanium alloys and titanium matrix composites for biomedical applications: a critical review","authors":"Eray Abakay, Mustafa Armağan, Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu, Mert Guney, B. F. Yousif, Egemen Avcu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1452288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1452288","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium (Ti) alloys have been widely used in biomedical applications due to their superior mechanical, physical, and surface properties, while improving their tribological properties is critical to widening their biomedical applications in the current era. The present review examines the recent progress made in enhancing the tribological performance of titanium alloys and titanium matrix composites for biomedical purposes. It specifically focuses on the progress made in biomedical coatings, mechanical surface treatment, and developing titanium matrix composites in terms of their processing, tribological testing conditions, and characterization. Despite thorough investigations, the specific testing procedures for evaluating the friction and wear properties of the alloy and/or biomedical component are still uncertain. The majority of researchers have selected test methods and parameters based on previous studies or their own knowledge, but there is a scarcity of studies that incorporate limb-specific tribological tests that consider the distinct kinematic and biological structure of human limbs. Since advanced microscopy has great potential in this field, a variety of advanced characterization techniques have been used to reveal the relationship between microstructural and tribological properties. Many coating-based strategies have been developed using anodizing, PEO, VD, PVD, nitriding, thermal spray, sol-gel, and laser cladding, however; composition and processing parameters are crucial to improving tribological behaviour. Reinforcing component type, amount, and distribution has dominated Ti matrix composite research. Ti grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy has been the most widely used matrix, while various reinforcements, including TiC, Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, TiB, hydroxyapatite, Si<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, NbC, ZrO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> have been incorporated to enhance tribological performance of Ti matrix. Mechanical surface treatments improve biomedical Ti alloys’ tribological performance, which is advantageous due to their ease of application. The implementation of machine learning methods, such as artificial neural networks, regression, and fuzzy logic, is anticipated to make a substantial contribution to the field due to their ability to provide cost-effective and accurate results. The microstructural and surface features of biomedical Ti alloys directly affect their tribological properties, so image processing strategies using deep learning can help researchers optimize these properties for optimal performance.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of ZnZrNb2O8 oxide ceramics","authors":"Ashwini Kumar, Poorva Sharma, Fujun Qiu","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1367754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1367754","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the synthesis, structural analysis, and microwave dielectric characteristics of ZnZrNb<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>8</jats:sub> ceramics, prepared via solid-state reaction method and subjected to sintering at temperatures ranging from 1,000°C to 1,200°C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the successful formation of ZnZrNb<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>8</jats:sub> phase, with a monoclinic wolframite phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations unveil microstructural features such as grain size and porosity, reveals material’s morphological details. Dielectric properties conducted in the microwave frequency regime show a correlation between dielectric constant (<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>r</jats:italic></jats:sub>) and relative density of the ceramics. Importantly, the ceramics exhibited a suitable dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, indicative of their suitability for microwave applications. Remarkably, ZnZrNb<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>8</jats:sub> ceramics sintered at 1,150°C for 4 h exhibit excellent microwave dielectric properties (<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>r</jats:italic></jats:sub> = 27.2, <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>f</jats:italic> = 54,500 GHz, and τ<jats:sub>f</jats:sub> = −60 ppm/°C). These findings underscore the potential of ZnZrNb<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>8</jats:sub> ceramics as advanced materials for high-frequency applications, including filters, resonators, and other microwave devices, thus contributing significantly to the advancement of next-generation telecommunications technologies.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear regression modeling of swelling characteristics in cracked expansive soil: integrating crack, moisture, density, and load effect","authors":"Junkai Yao, Degou Cai, Ke Su, Hongye Yan","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1467134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1467134","url":null,"abstract":"Expansive soils, known for their significant volume change with variations in moisture content, are widely distributed around the globe. Due to their swelling properties, expansive soils pose significant engineering challenges, especially in rapidly developing countries like China. This study aims to investigate the swelling mechanisms of expansive soils, focusing on the influence of crack characteristics on swelling behavior. The research methodology includes field investigations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical modeling. By comprehensively considering crack rate, dry density, initial moisture content, and overburden load, a nonlinear regression swelling model is proposed in this research. The degree of crack development in expansive soils is quantitatively characterized by the content of filling materials, leading to the establishment of a crack rate model for expansive soils. Swelling tests on expansive soils with different crack contents were conducted. The results show that the swelling rate is negatively correlated with the initial moisture content and positively correlated with dry density and crack rate. Additionally, the larger the crack rate, the more significant the change in the swelling rate. Furthermore, model validation confirms that this nonlinear regression model accurately describes the relationship between swelling rate and influencing factors. It offers a more precise prediction tool for infrastructure design and maintenance in expansive soil areas, advancing geotechnical engineering practices.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influencing factors of anti-skid performance evaluation of asphalt pavement based on lateral force testing system","authors":"Xiaoying Zhang, Rong Chang, Zhixiang Xu, Jie Wang, Zhibing Tan","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1410542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1410542","url":null,"abstract":"This article conducts experimental research on the influencing factors of the anti-skid performance testing system SCRIM for asphalt pavement. Studied the distribution pattern of anti-skid performance test results of the testing system under different testing speeds, test tires, temperature, water film thickness, test wheel position, tire wear degree, and other factors. Revealed the influence law of various influencing factors on the anti-skid performance of asphalt pavement. The test results indicate that the SFC test value decreases with the increase of vehicle speed. The test results of tires made of different materials vary greatly, and tires with wear exceeding 3 mm cannot be used for testing. The influence of water film thickness on the measured values varies depending on the SFC level. The SFC measurement value of the normal trajectory of the vehicle’s driving wheel track is the smallest, and the measurement value of the left trajectory is greater than that of the right trajectory. The SFC measurement decreases as the tire wear increases.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compression behaviour of Q355 steel angles with local defect at bolt holes","authors":"Jinglu Zhang, An He, Yu Liu, Shao-Bo Kang","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1467087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1467087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on compression behaviour of equal-leg steel angles with bolted connection and subjected to local defect at the bolt hole. To simulate corrosion, a mechanical cutting method was used in the experimental test to increase the diameter of bolt holes, and a total of 18 steel angles were investigated in the study. The parameters considered included the slenderness and the diameter of bolt holes. The slendernesses of steel angles were 80 and 140, and the diameter of bolt holes ranged from 21.5 to 27.5 mm. Additionally, numerical models were established for the steel angles. The accuracy of the numerical model was verified by comparing experimental data with numerical results. Based on the validated numerical model, a parametric analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the influences of the slenderness and the diameter of bolt holes on the load capacity of specimens against global buckling. Experimental and numerical results showed that the defect at the bolt hole affected the load capacity of specimens when the diameter of the bolt hole was increased to 27.5 mm and the slenderness was not greater than 100.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}