Frontiers in Materials最新文献

{"title":"Construction of flame-retardant and water-resistant polybutylene terephthalate composites by reactive extrusion","authors":"Guowen Ran, Jingfan Zhang, Yihui Yuan, Haisheng Xie, Tao Li, Xiucai Lan, Yanxiao Cao","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2025.1536536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2025.1536536","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) and melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) has been extensively utilized in flame-retardant polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) composites. However, the hydrophilic nature of ADP and MPP leads to their migration to the surface or separation from the PBT matrix under the influence of heat and moisture, which subsequently results in the degradation of both flame retardancy and mechanical properties. In this study, reactive epoxy groups were introduced onto the surface of the flame retardant (FR) using a simple method. The resulting encapsulated flame retardant (EP@FR) was then incorporated into PBT via a twin-screw extruder. During extrusion process, the reactive epoxy groups interacted with the free terminal hydroxy and carboxy derived from the PBT, forming covalent bonds at the interface of FR and PBT, thereby enhancing flame retardancy and water resistance. With the addition of 16.0 wt% EP@FR, the PBT/EP@FR composites achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 28.5%. Notably, the mechanical properties and UL-94 V-0 rating of the PBT/EP@FR composites were maintained even after immersion in water at 70°C for 14 days. It is expected that this work can provide a promising strategy for the development of flame-retardant and water-resistant PBT composites.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the art on biodegradability of bio-based plastics containing polylactic acid","authors":"Christine Lors, Pauline Leleux, Chung Hae Park","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1476484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1476484","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-based plastics represent an opportunity to reduce the impact of petroleum-based plastics on the environment, leading to harmful effects on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, the plant origin of bio-based plastics does not necessarily imply better management of their end of life. However, when recycling is impossible, the biological degradation of bio-based plastics would be an effective method to reduce their environmental impact. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most produced biopolymers currently among the bio-based plastics already developed for several years. Thus, the objective of this article is to provide a state of the art on the biodegradation of bio-based plastics based on PLA. In particular, the microorganisms catalyzing the different biochemical reactions and the main biodegradation mechanisms are reviewed according to aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Moreover, different microorganisms involved in the degradation of PLA are summarized. Furthermore, a special attention is paid to the analytical methods to evaluate the biodegradation of polylactic acid and to the different existing biodegradation test methods, because this subject has rarely been reviewed in the literature. In the end, several promising topics for the future research are proposed, such as enzyme engineering technology as a recently emerging method for PLA degradation and a new common testing method to collect as much data as possible on the biodegradability to compare different studies.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1476484/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147881014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of compression and confinement in tumor growth and progression: emerging concepts in cancer mechanobiology.","authors":"Allison McKenzie Johnson, Charles Froman-Glover, Akshitkumar Mistry, Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Joseph Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2025.1492438","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmats.2025.1492438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases despite aggressive therapeutics. This is due in part to the evolving tumor microenvironment (TME), which provide tumor supportive cues that promote tumor adaptation and progression. Emerging studies highlight the significant role of the biophysical characteristics in the TME in modulating all aspects of cancer aggressive and spread. With the advance of bioengineering platforms, deeper investigations into the impact of these biophysical features on cancer progression are being conducted with a growing appreciation of the intratumoral compression that underlie many of the biophysical changes. Intratumoral compression emerges early in tumor development and increases in magnitude as the tumor rapidly expands against itself and its surrounding tissue. This stress has effects on both the cancer cells and biophysical aspects of the TME, including hypoxia, shear stress, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and substrate stiffness. This creates a physically dense, pro-malignant environment that can both promote metastatic phenotypes and spread but also present biophysical barriers for immune cell infiltration. This review will analyze the effect of compressive stress on the TME, cancer cells, and on confined migration of cancer and immune populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic cement-based materials with micro-nano hierarchical structures: preparation, characterization, and stability assessment","authors":"Xiaolei Bian, Yao Wu, Gang Liao, Guangwei Liang, Anming She, Yongqi Wei","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1512374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1512374","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demand for durable and sustainable building materials, the development of superhydrophobic cement-based materials has gained significant attention. In this study, superhydrophobic cement-based materials with layered structures were fabricated. By replicating microstructures from sandpaper and applying nanoparticles and low-surface-energy materials, we achieved a water contact angle of 155.7°. The resulting material demonstrates excellent waterproof performance, low adhesion forces, and high resistance to damage, providing valuable insights for the development of durable, waterproof building materials for sustainable construction.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of vanillin-based polyurethane materials for body temperature self-healing","authors":"Mingfu Fu, J. F. Hu, Xiaochun Zhang, C. Wang, Yang Liu, Jianzhuang Niu, Yinglu Sun, Qiwen Yao, Xianghai Jing","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1532067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1532067","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult to obtain sustainable and fast self-healing polyurethane materials with excellent mechanical properties at low-temperature. In this work, we prepared a series of bio-based polyurethane materials were synthesized with HMDI, Polytetramethylene ether glycol and a vanillin-based chain extender containing dynamic imine bonds. By adjusting the ratio of soft and hard segments, As the content of hard segments increased, the storage modulus and tensile strength of the material increased, the elongation at break decreased, and the heat resistance improved. The results showed that this advanced polyurethane displayed excellent mechanical and self-healing properties due to the presence of a large number of hard segment structures with dynamic imine bonds. Moreover, the tight arrangement of hydrogen bonds can promote the exchange of dynamic imine bonds and endow the material with body-temperature self-healing ability. It can recover to 98% of its original stress in 20 min at 36°C.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucosamine mitigates ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through anti-inflammatory mechanisms","authors":"Guangmin Zhang, Shengxi Jin, Xinying Fan, Jingjing Qi, Jiane Liu, Shulan Yin, Yanjing Cao, Yiping Du, Xiaolei Dong, Zheng Wang, Xiaohua Tan, Shu Yan","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1438610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1438610","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI), a syndrome with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, frequently arises from renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, particularly in surgical contexts. Despite extensive research, effective therapies for both AKI and its progression to renal interstitial fibrosis remain elusive. This study investigates the potential therapeutic efficacy of glucosamine (GS), an endogenous amino sugar, in alleviating I/R-induced AKI. Methods A murine I/R injury model was utilized to evaluate the protective effects of GS. Mice were treated with GS prior to I/R injury, and renal tissues were harvested for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. Key markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial integrity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were measured. Additionally, inflammatory responses in proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells exposed to TPHP, an environmental toxin, were assessed in vitro . Results GS administration markedly reduced oxidative stress levels, preserved mitochondrial structure, and mitigated ER stress in renal tissues following I/R injury. Moreover, GS significantly attenuated TPHP-induced inflammatory responses in proximal tubular epithelial cells, suggesting a targeted anti-inflammatory action. Conclusion These findings highlight glucosamine’s potential as a therapeutic agent for AKI, offering protection through the modulation of oxidative, mitochondrial, and inflammatory pathways. This study provides foundational evidence for GS as a promising candidate for AKI intervention and opens avenues for further exploration of glucosamine in kidney disease therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147919871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial bone cement modified by long-chain nitrofuran methacrylate using liquid-phase modification strategy","authors":"Hao Lin, Zhe Gao, Lu-yang Han, Jianjun Chu, Yang Xu, Dianhong Shen","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1432482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1432482","url":null,"abstract":"A novel acrylic monomer containing a nitrofuran motif, referred to as long-chain nitrofuran methacrylate (LNFMA), is reported. In comparison to the previously reported nitrofuran methacrylate (NFMA), LNFMA has a longer side chain, and when incorporated into bone cement, the resulting LNFMA bone cement exhibits improved mechanical strength. At the same concentration, NFMA-5% cement has only 21.6 ± 1.3 MPa, while LNFMA-5% cement has a compressive strength of 42.64 ± 0.94 MPa. LNFMA bone cements exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , with LNFMA-30% cement reaching 57.38% ± 5.53%. Moreover, LNFMA cement demonstrates excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo . The results showed that LNFMA monomer had optimized mechanical strength compared with previously reported NFMA monomers, and LNFMA bone cement had good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of thermal protection performance and empirical study of flame-retardant cotton based on a combined model","authors":"Siyuan Zhang, Keai Ma, Lijian Wang, Zhemin Zhang, Xiangyu Ye, Jinzhong Zhang, Haihang Li","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1454935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1454935","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal protection performance (TPP) is an important index to evaluate the performance of firefighting clothing. The purpose of this work is to build a model to predict the TPP values of fabrics with fewer variables. Two properties of flame-retardant cotton were tested with TPP values under different air gaps, and the correlations between these properties were also analyzed. A combined model was established by integrating multivariate nonlinear regression model and gradient boosting regression tree model. Then the combined model was compared with these two single models. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between gram weight and thickness of fabric and TPP value were 0.833 and 0.837, respectively, indicating a strong correlation. The correlation coefficient between air gap and TPP value was 0.304, indicating a weak correlation. In predicting the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant cotton, this study employed a multivariate nonlinear regression model, a Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) model, and a combined model. After comparing various evaluation metrics, it was finally decided to adopt the combined model for predicting the thermal protective performance values of flame-retardant cotton. This method improved the prediction accuracy of thermal protective performance, facilitating the promotion and application of the combined model. Furthermore, when exploring the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant cotton, the use of fewer variables to establish the prediction model can not only significantly simplify the complex structure of the model but also greatly enhance the analysis efficiency, ensuring the efficiency and precision of the research process.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-infrared optical coherence tomography and machine learning for inspection of 3D-printed ceramics at the micron scale","authors":"Bettina Heise, Ivan Zorin, Kristina Duswald, Verena Karl, Dominik Brouczek, Julia Eichelseder, Martin Schwentenwein","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1441812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1441812","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn this paper, recent developments in non-destructive testing of 3D-printed ceramics and monitoring of additive manufacturing of ceramics are presented.MethodsIn particular, we present the design and use of an inline mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (MIR-OCT) system to evaluate printed and micro-structured specimens in lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM).ResultsThe proposed system helps with the detection of microdefects (e.g., voids, inclusions, deformations) that are already present in green ceramic components, thereby reducing the energy and costs incurred.DiscussionThe challenges during integration are discussed. Especially, the prospects for MIR-OCT imaging combined with machine learning are illustrated with regard to inline inspection during LCM of printed ceramics.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance-based engineering: formulating sustainable concrete with sawdust and steel fiber for superior mechanical properties","authors":"Ahsan Waqar, Muhammad Basit Khan, Taoufik Najeh, Hamad R. Almujibah, Omrane Benjeddou","doi":"10.3389/fmats.2024.1428700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1428700","url":null,"abstract":"Construction using eco-friendly materials reduces environmental impact and promotes sustainable practices. This research uses sawdust and steel fibers to design sustainable concrete. The main goal is to improve mechanical properties and reduce embodied carbon emissions. This study examines the mechanical properties of concrete with different sawdust and steel fiber combinations to fill a gap in the literature. In this research synergistic effect of saw dust and steel fiber on concrete characteristics have been studied. The research also examines these pairings’ environmental benefits. This study used a response surface methodology (RSM) to design an experimental program and assess the effects of input variables (sawdust and steel fiber percentages) on output responses like compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), embodied carbon (EC), and eco-strength efficiency (ESE). Established testing methodologies and RSM provided an optimum prediction model based on specimen mechanical properties. Sawdust and steel fibers enhances concrete’s mechanical properties. Varying proportions of both materials were added in mix; sawdust (0%–12%) and steel fiber (0%–2%). The experimental findings suggest that the optimized composition achieved the following mechanical properties: 13.85 MPa compressive strength, 1.4 MPa split tensile strength, 3.67 MPa flexural strength, 18.027 GPa modulus of elasticity, 211.272 kg CO2e/m3 embodied carbon, and 0.065487 eco-strength efficiency. This research showed that the aims of improving mechanical properties and reducing embodied carbon were achieved. As per multi-objective optimization, optimal percentages of saw dust and steel fibers in concrete are 11.81% and 0.063% respectively. The investigation yielded many suggestions. To test the optimal blend composition of ecologically friendly concrete in real-world building projects, start with realistic projects. Finally, life cycle evaluations and cost studies are needed to determine the environmental and economic impacts of eco-friendly concrete compared to standard options.","PeriodicalId":12524,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}