Fundamental and Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the alveolar clearance: a critical review","authors":"V. Kobylyansky","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-129-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-129-140","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory homeostasis is fine-tuned system largely dependent on the clearance of inhaled substances from both upper and lower airways. The least studied is alveolar clearance, which, however, is crucial for the proper lung function and requires a detailed examination in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. Here, I analysed relevant literature from publicly available databases (Index Medicus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Patents) to compare various methods for determining alveolar clearance, their advantages and shortcomings, their applicability in routine clinical practice and prospects for their use. The most accessible, informative, and inexpensive method to assess the alveolar clearance is bronchoalveolar lavage and the study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Confocal laser endomicroscopy, a new and powerful imaging modality, has not been widely implemented hitherto. A non-invasive inhalation of a radioaerosol tracer for studying alveolar clearance in vivo seems to be promising but still requires adaptation for the broad use.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"41 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90469922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of supernumerary derivative chromosome 22 syndrome in a child","authors":"R. V. Olennikova, O. I. Rytenkova, A. Volkov","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-141-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-141-146","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe a rare case of an abnormal karyotype with a supernumerary derivative chromosome der(22)t(11;22), associated with Emanuel syndrome, in a boy aged 1 year. Familial cytogenetic analysis revealed the maternal origin of the anomaly from reciprocal translocation t(11;22) (q23;q11.2). At the time of the examination, the child had numerous anomalies of development, facial dysmorphia, and a small size of the external genitalia. In addition, there was a pronounced delay in psychomotor development because of the brain damage. We made an attempt to perform a comprehensive analysis of the risks to the patient's health by generalizing the cases of Emanuel syndrome described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87558012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological features of the placenta in women with premature birth","authors":"Y. Parfenova, D. Artymuk, T. Marochko, N. Artymuk, K. V. Marochko","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-33-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-33-41","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To compare placental morphology in patients with preterm birth and with full-term birth without gynecological infections.Materials and Methods. We performed a retrospective, case-control study which included 150 women with vaginal delivery (50 women with preterm birth and 100 women with full-term birth). Placental tissues were studied by histological examination.Results. Histological signs of placental immaturity were detected in all patients with preterm birth and were absent in those with full-term birth (p < 0.001). Placental insufficiency was diagnosed in 27 (54%) women with preterm birth and in 35 (35%) women with full-term birth (χ2 = 4.962, p = 0.026). Partial compensation of placental insufficiency was detected in 10 (20%) women with preterm birth and were not observed in patients with full-term birth. Signs of placental infection were registered in 32 (64%) women with preterm birth and 37 (37%) patients with full-term birth (χ2 = 9.783, p = 0.002). Chronic deciduitis was documented in 9 (18%) women with preterm birth and 7 (7%) women with full-term birth (χ2 = 4.233, p = 0.04), chronic histiocytic intervillositis was found in 16 (32%) women with preterm birth and 11 (11%) women with full-term birth (χ2=9.959, p=0.001), chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 20 (40%) women with preterm birth and 25 (25%) women with full-term birth (χ2 = 3.571, p = 0.059), respectively. Purulent membranitis was detected only in 5 (10%) women with preterm birth.Conclusion. Patients with preterm vaginal birth without gynecological infections are characterized by a higher prevalence of placental infections (64%) and placental insufficiency (54%) than women with full-term birth.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"03 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85910610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic action of steroid hormones and hormone-specific autoantibodies in breast cancer progression","authors":"A. Glushkov, E. Polenok, S. Mun, L. Gordeeva, M. Kostyanko, A. Antonov, P. V. Bayramov, N. Verzhbitskaya, G. Kolpinskiy","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-19-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-19-32","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the possible synergistic action of steroid hormones and hormone-specific autoantibodies and anti-autoantibodies in conversion of ER+/PR+ tumors into ER-/PR- in breast cancer patients.Materials and Methods. Concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) and the levels of hormone-specific idiotypic IgA antibodies (IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg) as well as anti-idiotypic IgG antibodies (IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg) were studied in the serum of 979 breast cancer patients (432 patients with stage 1 and 547 patients with stages 2-4) by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. E2 and Pg receptors phenotype (ER/ PR) was determined using immunohistochemistry.Results. Simultaneous increase in IgA1-E2 and IgG2-E2 levels was associated with elevated E2 serum concentration (p = 0.007) in ER+/PR+ breast cancer patients. On the contrary, concurrent increase in IgA1-Pg и IgG2-Pg, was associated with lowered Pg concentration (p = 0.04). The frequency of ER+/PR+ tumors was low and ER-/PR- was high in patients with stages 2-4 breast cancer than in stage 1 in the following cases: 1) IgG2-E2 and IgA1-E2 levels were high regardless of serum E2 (p = 0.004); 2) IgG2-E2 levels were high and IgA1-E2 and E2 levels were low (p = 0.002); 3) IgG2-Pg and Pg levels were high regardless of IgA1-Pg levels (р < 0,001); 4) IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg levels were high regardless of E2, Pg, IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg levels (р < 0,001). In other combinations of hormones and hormone-specific antibodies and anti-antibodies, there have been no differences in the frequency of ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors between patients with ascending stages of breast cancer.Conclusion. We for the first time found a synergistic action of hormone-specific idiotypic and anti-idiotypic autoantibodies on the concentration of steroid hormones in the serum of breast cancer patients, and the synergistic action of steroid hormones and hormone-specific idiotypic and anti-idiotypic autoantibodies on tumor steroid receptor conversion.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87562813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fucoxanthin on the development of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis","authors":"V. N. Slautin, D. Grebnev, I. Maklakova, S. Sazonov, I. Gavrilov, E. I. Gavrilova","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-8-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-8-18","url":null,"abstract":"Background. According to current concepts regarding hepatic fibrosis, myofibroblast differentiation from stellate cells, regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), is a key step in its pathogenesis. Hence, inhibition of TGF-β-dependent activation of hepatic stellate cells has been suggested as a promising strategy for preventing the disease development.Aim. To explore whether the administration of fucoxanthin at a dose of 30 mg/kg is efficient in suppressing hepatic fibrosis.Materials and Methods. The experiments were carried out on 30 outbred ICR/CD1 mice which have been divided into three groups: intact animals, animals with untreated hepatic fibrosis which has been induced by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (2 μl/g, 6 weeks, twice per week), and animals which received fucoxanthin per os (30 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks) after inducing hepatic fibrosis as described above. Histological examination was performed by Sirius Red staining using the METAVIR fibrosis and activity score. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed by quantitation of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts, CD45-positive leukocytes, and TIMP-1-positive regions. Further, we quantified TGF-β in liver homogenate as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An assessment of liver function was conducted by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin levels.Results. Fucoxanthin decreased the number of myofibroblasts and leukocytes, the volume of connective tissue and TIMP-1-positive regions, and the level of TGF-β in the liver homogenate, altogether indicative of ameliorated hepatic fibrosis. In accord, treatment with fucoxanthin reduced serum IL-1β, TNF-α, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and increased serum albumin.Conclusion. Treatment with fucoxanthin at a dose of 30 mg/kg has an antifibrotic effect and diminishes liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86212071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual dysfunction in women of reproductive age belonging to major ethnic groups in Eastern Siberia: a cross-sectional study","authors":"L. Lazareva, A. Atalyan, L. Belenkaya, I. Danusevich, Ya. G. Nadelyaeva, E. Sharifulin, I. Egorova, N. I. Babaeva, M. Salimova, L. Suturina","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-42-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-42-52","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the prevalence and features of menstrual dysfunction in premenopausal women of various ethnicities inhabitating Eastern Siberia.Materials and Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study which included women of reproductive age (18-44 years) living in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. Out of 1134 women, 715 (63.1%) were Caucasians, 312 (27.5%) were Asians (Mongoloid), and 107 (9.4%) were of mixed ethnicity. The data have been collected during the annual physical examination carried out between March 2016 to May 2021,Results. The average age of menarche onset was 13.3 ± 1.4 years and did not differ significantly in Caucasians, Asians, and group of mixed ethnicities. The most frequent ages for menarche were 11 and 15 years among women of mixed ethnicity and Asians, respectively. Chronic abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea was detected in 573/1134 (50.5%) and in 280/1134 (24.7%) of the examined women, respectively, without significant differences between the ethnicities. However, dysmenorrhea symptoms were more severe in Caucasians as compared to Asian women.Conclusion. The most frequent variant of menstrual dysfunction is chronic abnormal uterine bleeding. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles, oligo/anovulation, chronic abnormal uterine bleeding, and dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age belonging to different ethnicities, although clinical manifestations of dysmenorrhea were most pronounced in Caucasians.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75319682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of attitude to illness with adherence to treatment in patients with chronic gastritis","authors":"S. A. Smakotina, T. O. Koroleva","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the associations between the attitude towards illness and the level of compliance in patients with chronic gastritis.Materials and Methods. The study included 302 patients with chronic gastritis which have been stratified into 4 groups: 1) 96 patients with Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated chronic gastritis and high treatment adherence; 2) 110 patients with HP-negative chronic gastritis and high treatment adherence; 3) 36 patients with HP-associated gastritis who refused treatment; 4) 60 patients with HP-associated gastritis and moderate treatment adherence. The level of adherence to treatment and personal response to the disease was assessed using Davydov and TOBOL questionnaires, respectively. Interrelations of the studied parameters were evaluated using correlation analysis.Results. Eradication of HP was associated with a high treatment adherence. The majority of patients (56.0%) had adaptive behavioural response, whilst mixed (18.2%) and maladaptive types (12.5% for intrapsychic and 11.6% for interpsychic orientation) were less frequently observed. In patients who refused treatment, adaptive behavioural response was less common than anosognosic and maladaptive attitudes. Correlation analysis revealed that treatment adherence positively correlates with harmonious and ergopathic attitudes.Conclusion. Attitude to illness affects adherence to treatment in patients with chronic gastritis.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80553052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approaches to modeling of epidemic process of non-polio Enterovirus infections","authors":"M. V. Novoselova, N. Potseluev, E. Brusina","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-43-53","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study mathematical models for predicting the incidence of non-polio enterovirus infections (NPEVI) in the Kemerovo Region.Materials and Methods. Here we conducted a retrospective epidemiological study of NPEVI incidence in the Kemerovo region from 2006 to 2021 (n = 2152 cases). Epidemic process was studied using autocorrelation analysis, Fourier analysis, and neural networks using STATISTICA Automated Neural Networks (SANN) tool and StatTech v. 3.0.5.Results. The incidence rates of NPEVI were 9,39 per 100,000 population (2009), 15,78 per 100,000 population (2015) and 8,41 per 100,000 population (2019), exceeding the average median value (2006- 2021) by a factor of 2.4, 4.1, and 2.2, respectively. NPEVI incidence was largely determined by enteroviral meningitis. The majority of cases (89.94%) were registered in children. Notably, standard mathematical models failed to provide an objective analysis of the incidence trend. Autocorrelation analysis found the summer-autumn seasonality (August-October) by evaluating the ratio of actual data to 12-month rolling averages. Modeling of the epidemic process of NPEVI using neural networks highly likely predicted its incidence up to 52 months.Conclusion. The epidemic process of NPEVI in Kemerovo region has been characterized by a low intensity and summer-autumn seasonality. Neural networks are suggested as a promising tool to forecast the incidence of NPEVI.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80729995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of internal thoracic artery as a conduit protects coronary artery in the long-term period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","authors":"A. Frolov, N. Zagorodnikov, R. Tarasov, E. V. Grigoriev, S. Ivanov, L. Barbarash","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-80-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-80-92","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess whether the internal thoracic artery (ITA) is able to protect coronary artery (CA) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Material and Methods. Having performed coronary angiography in the long term after CABG surgery, we evaluated 102 angiograms by visual analysis and using Gensini score and SYNTAX score. Using these parameters, we investigated the association of internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein grafts with anatomy and pathology of the coronary artery.Results. Calculation of Gensini score revealed that use of ITA grafts was associated with mild coronary atherosclerosis [4 (0; 17)] as compared with SV grafts [32 (2 ; 32)]. Relative increase of atherosclerotic burden in the coronary artery was 21.05% for the ITA grafts and 102.87% for the SV grafts. Lesion growth rate was significantly higher after using SV grafts than in case with ITA grafts (p = 0.0002)Conclusion. ITA grafts reduce progression of atherosclerosis in bypassed coronary arteries in comparison with SV grafts.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"450 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77570420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural examination of experimental femoral head avascular necrosis","authors":"N. Shabaldin, A. V. Shabaldin, D. A. Plokhikh, A. Sinitskaya, R. Mukhamadiyarov, L. Bogdanov","doi":"10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-71-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-1-71-79","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To conduct histological analysis of femoral head avascular necrosis in Wistar rats.Materials and Methods. Femoral head avascular necrosis was artificially induced in 12 Wistar rats which have been euthanised at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperation (n = 3 per time point). Affected and intact femoral heads were examined by X-ray examination, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy.Results. X-ray examination and haematoxylin and eosin staining showed the progressive development of osteonecrosis from 2 to 6 weeks and initiation of bone repair at 8 weeks postoperation. X-ray examination had less informative value as compared to routine histological examination. Progressive loss of bone volume was accompanied by osteolysis, resorption of hyaline cartilage, and replacement of bone and cartilage tissues with collagen fibers. Scanning electron microscopy provided an opportunity to assess cellular composition and showed that the maximum activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts occurs at 6 and 8 weeks postoperation, respectively.Conclusion. X-ray examination was dispensable when investigating features of femoral head avascular necrosis. Histological examination using haematoxylin and eosin staining permitted detection of bone resorption, while scanning electron microscopy contributed to high-resolution visualisation of the bone cellular composition.","PeriodicalId":12493,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90374544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}