{"title":"Gospodarstwa rolne o obszarze do 1 ha w procesie przemian systemowych i integracji z UE","authors":"W. Dzun","doi":"10.7366/WIR012017/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR012017/02","url":null,"abstract":"In the initial period of systemic changes, farms with the area of 0–1 ha of arable area were quite an important element of farm structure in Poland, at least from a social point of view. The number of those farms and their share within the farm structure in general varied significantly depending on a region. The farm numbers and structure were changing dramatically in the process of systemic changes, which was more intense than in case of small farms over 1 ha. The number of those farms declined significantly, agricultural production being abandoned or limited. At the same time within that farm sector a dynamic development was observed of a small group of highly specialized market-oriented farms. As a result of statutory change of the definition of a farm, which was introduced in 2012, that group of farms was radically decreased and their structure was changed. This article provides an analysis of changes within the group of farms 0–1 ha throughout the process of systemic changes and integration with the EU against the basic criteria of the new definition of a farm. The new definition excludes farms on which agricultural activity is not pursued as well as farms owned by natural persons (except for organic farms) which produce insignificant amount of agricultural products (the production must reach at least one of the production thresholds defined).","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116184812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efektywność emisji gazów cieplarnianych w rolnictwie Unii Europejskiej","authors":"B. Klepacki, P. Gołasa, M. Wysokiński","doi":"10.7366/WIR032016/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR032016/06","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule zaprezentowano zagadnienie emisji gazow cieplarnianych (GHG) na gruncie ekonomii środowiskowej. Przedstawiono problematyke teoretyczną dotyczącą efektow zewnetrznych, optimum Pareto i potrzebe ujecia kwestii środowiskowych w ra- chunku ekonomicznym rolnictwa. Na podstawie danych pochodzących z European Envi- ronmental Agency (EEA) oraz bazy Eurostat za lata 1990–2013 obliczono poziom emisji gazow cieplarnianych pochodzących z rolnictwa oraz jej efektywnośc. Stwierdzono, ze Francja, Wielka Brytania, Niemcy, Polska i Hiszpania odpowiadają za polowe emisji rolni- czych gazow cieplarnianych w UE. Średnia efektywnośc emisji gazow cieplarnianych w rol- nictwie krajow UE w 2013 r. wyniosla 391 EUR nadwyzki na 1 tone emisji GHG. Najwyzszą efektywnością charakteryzowaly sie takie kraje, jak: Slowacja, Wlochy i Malta. W zadnym z badanym krajow rolnictwo nie osiągnelo tak wysokiej efektywności emisji jak cala go- spodarka, w najlepszym wypadku wskaźnik ten wynosi od 0,4 do 0,5. ----- The article tackles the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) against the back- ground of environmental economics. It presents theoretical issues concerning external effects, Pareto optimal and the need to include environmental matters in the economic accounts for agriculture. Based on the figures from the European Environmental Agency (EEA) and the Eurostat for 1990–2013, the level of agricultural GHG emissions was calculated, including its efficiency. It was found out that France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland and Spain were responsible for a half agricultural GHG emissions in the EU. The average emission efficiency of the EU Member States in 2013 amounted to EUR 391 of surplus per 1 ton of GHG emissions. The highest efficiency was recorded in such countries as Slovakia, Italy and Malta. In none of the investigated countries did agriculture achieve as high emission efficiency as the whole economy; at best, the index amounted to 0.4–0.5.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127273648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sadowski, W. Poczta, P. Beba, Ewelina Szuba-Barańska
{"title":"Zróżnicowanie produktywności modeli gospodarstw rolnych w UE","authors":"A. Sadowski, W. Poczta, P. Beba, Ewelina Szuba-Barańska","doi":"10.7366/WIR012016/07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR012016/07","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article was to define economic efficiency and productivity of soil and labor in the family farms, small scale farms and large scale farms in the European Union Member States. Farm categorization was based on the two main criteria such as structure of family labour force in relation to total labour and on the relation of agriculture income to minimum wage. A farm was regarded as a family farm if the work input made by the family living on a farm exceeded 50% of the total work input calculated as AWU, and income generated per 1 person exceeded the minimum wage. Farms featuring a predominance of hired labour over family labour were considered large scale farms. Other farms were classified as small scale farms. Results of the analysis of the different types of farms depended directly on their category. In large scale farms labour efficiency is typically several times greater than in small scale farms and in family farms. In many countries large scale farms also feature higher soil productivity. According to the analysis, economic efficiency as well as soil and labour productivity were the highest in the Benelux, followed by Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The worst results in the EU were recorded by farms in Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wpływ rolnictwa ekologicznego na środowisko w koncepcji rozwoju zrównoważonego","authors":"M. Głodowska, A. Gałązka","doi":"10.7366/WIR022017/07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR022017/07","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agriculture has reached tremendous productivity and effectiveness; however, it very often happens that intensive production causes serious environmental concerns and compromises the quality of final product. Due to increasing consumer awareness, people more frequently choose organic products as a healthier and safer option. Nevertheless, organic farming is not only about the production of superior quality food, it is also a method of environmental protection and sustainable resource management. Water, soil, biological diversity and landscape are just some of the natural components that are being constantly transformed as a result of farming. Conventional farming often is the main cause of environment degradation that leads to serious consequences. Therefore, it is vital to underline the importance of organic farming in the protection of environment and natural resources that are essential for humans in the process of food production. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of organic farming on water, soil, biological diversity as well as landscape. Moreover, this research is also an attempt at implanting organic agriculture within the concept of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129852442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Problem zadłużenia gmin wiejskich na przykładzie województwa wielkopolskiego","authors":"A. Kozera","doi":"10.7366/WIR012017/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR012017/04","url":null,"abstract":"Investing is one of determinants of local development, including the development of rural gminas. Local governments are mostly responsible for financing investments, especially in terms of their technical and social infrastructure. Poland’s accession to the European Union and the possibility for gminas to make use of the EU funds triggered their local development, especially in the period between 2007 and 2013. Many rural gminas became attractive places of residence and investment, but their debt increased dynamically. The aim of this article is to analyse the level of gmina indebtedness based on a case study of rural gminas of Wielkopolskie province in Poland which was carried out between 2007 and 2014. The research was based on the data published by the Ministry of Finance (Wskaźniki do oceny sytuacji finansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego) and by the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank). The first stage of the study included an analysis of a level and share of total indebtedness in total income, and the share of expenditure earmarked for debt servicing in the total income of rural gminas in Wielkopolskie province against other types of gminas in the period 2007–2014. For the purposes of the second stage of the research, TOPSIS method was used to carry out a synthetic assessment of the level of indebtedness of those entities and changes thereof in 2014 in relation to 2007. The study showed that in the period under consideration the general level of indebtedness of rural gminas increased, while the diversity between gminas in this scope decreased, although still remaining at a high level. The high level of indebtedness and its dramatic growth in 2014 in relation to 2007 mainly related to those rural gminas in the Wielkopolskie province which are typically agricultural and feature a low level of financial self-sufficiency.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131719438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE UKRAINE IN KRU (KAZAKHSTAN, RUSSIA AND UKRAINE): PROSPECTS FOR THE UKRAINIAN GRAIN ECONOMY","authors":"W. Meyers, Kateryna Goychuk","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.231552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.231552","url":null,"abstract":"During the years leading up the Russian drought of 2010, the share of the gra- in exports from Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine (KRU) in the world grain trade steadi- ly increased. In 2008/09 and 2009/10 they together exported an average of 36.5 million tons of wheat per year, which accounted for more than 26 percent of the world wheat exports in those two years. This was greater than the exports of any of the other major exporters - US, Canada, EU-27, and Australia. Given such a growing role for the grain sectors in the KRU region, it is important to learn more about Ukraine's role in global market behavior. In this paper we focus on the specifics of Ukrainian agriculture, its gro- wing integration in world markets, and its potential role in the future of grain market developments.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133338246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Zawalińska, Zofia Śliwowska, J. Caliński, Katarzyna Droździel, A. Michalska
{"title":"Polska wieś wobec wyzwań rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w XXI wieku w świetle badań IRWiR PAN w roku 2014 i 2015","authors":"K. Zawalińska, Zofia Śliwowska, J. Caliński, Katarzyna Droździel, A. Michalska","doi":"10.7366/WIR032016/08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR032016/08","url":null,"abstract":"Niniejszy artykul przedstawia najwazniejsze wnioski z badan statutowych pracownikow IRWiR PAN realizowanych w latach 2014–2015. Prowadzone analizy dotyczą kluczowych procesow gospodarczych i spolecznych zachodzących na obszarach wiejskich w ostatnich dekadach. Artykul obejmuje wybrane wnioski na temat: struktury obszarowej sektora gospodarstw indywidualnych, p rzemiany struktur demograficznych, wiejskiego rynku pracy, rozwoju przestrzennego obszarow wiejskich, przeobrazen spolecznych oraz rozwoju instytucjonalnego i organizacyjnego na wsi. Waznym obszarem badawczym po- dejmowanym w IRWiR PAN jest takze ocena ws polnej polityki rolnej oraz porownanie jej z politykami innych krajow w tym Farm Bill w USA. ----- This article presents the main conclusions from the research conducted by scientists employed in IRWiR PAN in 2014–2015. The analyses conducted address key economic and social processes taking place in rural areas in recent decades. The article contains selected findings on: territorial structure of the individual farms’ sector, changes in demographic structures, the rural labour mark et, spatial development of rural areas, social changes and institutional and organizational development of the countryside. An important area of research undertaken in IRWiR PAN relates to the evaluation of the Common Agricultural Policy and its comparison with policies implemented in other countries, including Farm Bill in the United States.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
