Village and Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Wybrane problemy fiskalne rozwoju wsi. Wprowadzenie do problemu","authors":"J. Kulawik","doi":"10.7366/WIR022016/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR022016/03","url":null,"abstract":"Rural development is understood as a socio-economic process that consists of desired and positive qualitative and quantitative changes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity of rural businesses and the usefulness of rural households. This is in many ways determined by and at the same time embedded in the socio-economic development beyond local and regional level, and, consequently, also in general economic development. However, financial variables, including fiscal ones, quite rarely determine rural development. Therefore, the main objective of the article is to reduce this cognitive gap, which is of great importance also for regional and agri-food policy. The analysis is centered around the theory and practical achievements of fiscal federalism, which is a sub-discipline of public finances. According to this, the Author starts with presenting general assumptions of fiscal and environmental federalism. Then, focus is shifted to controversies related to fiscal decentralization in order to move on inter-jurisdictional competition and cooperation. In the background of this part of the analysis there is the Tiebout model, which is one of the most interesting conceptualizations of local and regional development mechanism. In the final part of the article the Author presents the key elements of Buchanan’s theory of club goods as a tool for optimizing the size of the local units.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123653896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinanty nożyc cen w rolnictwie krajów Unii Europejskiej o zróżnicowanej strukturze agrarnej","authors":"B. Czyżewski, A. Matuszczak","doi":"10.7366/WIR032016/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR032016/01","url":null,"abstract":"Wskaźnik produkcji rolnej ( agricultural goods output ) obejmuje wazone zmiany cen surowcow rolnych, podczas gdy wskaźnik zuzycia pośredniego opisuje ceny nakladow, takie jak: nasiona, sadzonki, energia, nawozy, polepszacze gleby, środki ochrony roślin lub pasz. Stosunek tych dwoch wskaźnikow jest definiowany jako „luka cenowa” lub „nozyce cen”. W literaturze przedmiotu istnieje wiele modeli wyjaśniania cen produktow rolnych. Jednak kwestia determinant luki cenowej jest rzadko badana. Z tego powodu autorzy postawili sobie za cel oszacowanie dlugoterminowych modeli regresji luki ceno- wej w rolnictwie dla wybranych krajow europejskich, ktore reprezentują rozne struktury agrarne. Powadzona analiza zaklada kilka etapow. W pierwszym z nich dlugoterminowe indeksy cenowe (od 1980 do 2014 roku) zostaly obliczone na podstawie danych Eurostatu i FAOSTAT dla wszystkich dostepnych produktow rolnych i nakladow w krajach UE-27. Nastepnie zagregowane indeksy wazono wielkością produkcji lub konsumpcji pośredniej na podstawie średnich wskaźnikow cen dla poszczegolnych nakladow lub efektow. W dru- gim etapie przeprowadzono analize skupien opartą na wykorzystaniu czynnika ziemi przez poszczegolne gospodarstwa rolne w krajach UE-27. W trzecim etapie wybrano do badan po trzy kraje reprezentujące najbar dziej skrajne z wyroznionych klastrow (z rolni- ctwem rozdrobnionym oraz wysokowydajnym, silnym ekonomicznie) i oszacowano dla ich rolnictwa modele ekonometryczne luki cenowej, gdzie indeksy efektow i nakladow są zmiennymi niezaleznymi. Interesująca jest ob serwacja, ze marginalne efekty są znacznie silniejsze w modelach dla krajow, gdzie mamy do czynienia z rolnictwem intensywnym i na duzą skale (jak we Francji, Wielkiej Brytanii i Danii), anizeli w krajach o rozdrobnionej strukturze agrarnej, takich jak Grecja, Portugalia i Irlandia. ----- The index of agricultural goods output comprises weighted changes of prices of agricultural commodities whereas the index of intermediate consumption describes fluc tuations of input prices, including seeds and nursery stock, energy, fertilizers, soil im provers, plant protection products or feedstuffs. The relation of these two indices is defined as “price gap” or “price scissors”. There are a lot of price models for agricultural goods in the literature. However , the issue of modeling drivers for the price gap has rarely been explored. For that reason the authors aim to estimate long-term regression models of the agricultural price gap for different European countries that represent varied agrarian structures. The analysis entails a few stages. In the first stage, the long-term price indices (from 1980 to 2014) were computed based on EUROSTAT and FAOSTAT agricultural prices data for all available agricultural products and inputs in the EU-27. Then, the aggregated indices were weighted with a volume of production or intermediate consumption on the basis of the average price indices for the respective outputs or inputs. In the sec","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127782393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wielowymiarowa analiza kondycji finansowej gmin wiejskich w Polsce w latach 2007-2011","authors":"A. Bieniasz, Z. Gołaś, A. Łuczak","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.231568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.231568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odnowa wsi jako przedmiot badań. Ewolucja i systematyzacja pojęcia","authors":"Oskar Wolski","doi":"10.7366/WIR022017/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR022017/06","url":null,"abstract":"Village renewal has been a broadly discussed problem in terms of changes observed in rural areas and development thereof. Despite its practical nature, village renewal has also been broadly studied by academics – research has been made, inter alia in Europe and the United States. Due to a regional character of these studies, different scientific approaches and aims, the meaning of “village renewal” was understood differently as well. The aims of the article are the following: to review foregoing ways of understanding the term in international literature, to present the evolution of the meaning of the term, to attempt to systematise it and to compare the mentioned interpretations with the definition of the term found in selected Polish literature. Therefore, the article is a literature review on the one hand and a theoretical analysis on the other hand. Systematic and narrative literature review methods have been applied. The analysis included more than 2000 scientific works available in key bibliographic databases and publishers’ online libraries. The literature review resulted in a development of a model of village renewal issues – in relation to village renewal dimensions, aims of the renewal pursued in each dimension and a paramount aim of the village renewal itself. Also, the article attempts to explain reasons behind the multitude of meanings of the term. Selected afterthoughts regarding the nature of the village renewal, based on the review conducted, have been presented in conclusion.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126002397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECYFIKA KAPITAŁU SPOŁECZNEGO POLSKIEJ WSI – PRELIMINARIA TEORETYCZNE I MOŻLIWE OBSZARY BADAŃ W ODNIESIENIU DO EDUKACJI","authors":"Piotr Mikiewicz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.230485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.230485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128588101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAUKA I DORADZTWO ROLNICZE NA RZECZ INNOWACJI W SEKTORZE ROLNO-SPOŻYWCZYM","authors":"E. Chyłek","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.231263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.231263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115040882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kapitał społeczny sołtysów","authors":"A. Ptak","doi":"10.7366/WIR022017/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR022017/02","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the article is to assess the level of social capital of village heads (soltys) in Poland. The applied measure refers to formal membership of NGOs and political parties. The theory of social capital of Pierre Bourdieu was adopted as theoretical perspective. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in two regions (voivodships) – Lubelskie and Wielkopolskie, which differ from each other in terms of history and social characteristics. The data comes from a quantitative research on 380 village heads and from auxiliary interviews with local governments’ representatives. The results show a very high level of social capital of village heads, however, with a certain profile. The strictly social activity of soltys is significantly more common than the political activities (ca 70% of the leaders declared membership of NGOs while 15% of respondents were members of political parties). The crucial factor determining the level of the social capital of village heads is the social activity of their parents. As for Local Action Groups, the membership is related to village head’s level of education and source of income. The activity of village heads in political parties bears relation to the sex, age and job status. A high level of social capital as well as strong social networks allow leaders to succeed in elections to local governments. Over 70% of village heads running for the seats in the municipal councils succeeded with being elected. The results of the study suggest that rural leaders from Wielkopolskie are endowed with more social capital compared to those from Lubelskie.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115045523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potrzeby i możliwości w zakresie prac scaleniowych w powiecie monieckim","authors":"A. Kobryń, Tomasz Tekień","doi":"10.7366/WIR032016/07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR032016/07","url":null,"abstract":"W artykule podjeto problem struktury obszarowej gospodarstw rolnych i zasadnośc jej zmiany poprzez prace scalenio we. Nie ulega bowiem wątpliwości, ze wlaś- ciwa struktura obszarowa gospodarstw rolnych jest czynnikiem, od ktorego w istotny spo- sob zalezy efektywnośc gospodarowania, a tym samym konkurencyjnośc poszczegolnych gospodarstw, jak tez calego polskiego rolnict wa na tle innych krajow Unii Europejskiej. Analizy przeprowadzono na przykladzie powiatu monieckiego (woj. podlaskie), ktory sta- nowi bezpośrednie zaplecze produkcyjne polskich potentatow mleczarskich (spoldzielnie „Mlekovita” oraz „Mlekpol”). Przyjeto odpowiednie kryteria analizy, stanowiące podsta- we wskazania zasadności prac scaleniowych, ja k tez przedstawiono wnioski wynikające z analizy. ----- The article discusses the problem of farm structure and the justification for changes thereof through land consolidation. There is no doubt that the appropriate area structure of farms is a factor that significantly depends on economic efficiency and the competitiveness of individual farms, as well as of the entire Polish agriculture compared to other European Union Member States. Analyses were carried out on the example of the Monki county (Podlaskie voivodship), which is the immediate source of agricultural raw materials for Polish dairy giants (cooperatives „Mlekovita” and „Mlekpol”). Appropriate analysis criteria have been adopted in order to demonstrate the justification for consolidation and the conclusions of the analysis have been presented.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116245170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Znaczenie dochodów pozarolniczych w gospodarstwach rolnych Kanady i USA","authors":"Radosław Pastusiak, Magdalena Jasiniak, Joanna Stawska, M. Soliwoda","doi":"10.7366/WIR012017/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR012017/03","url":null,"abstract":"The article has two main objectives, first to describe the overall income situation, as well as the share of off-farm income in total incomes of farms in Canada and the United States (according to the orientation of production and “socio-economic” type), second, to review and assess the current selected tools affecting off-farm income generation. The share of non – farm income varies, depending on the orientation of the production and socio – economic household type. Especially in case of the US wherein the decrease in the share of non – farm income in total incomes was highly visible. Within the framework of agriculture policies and rural areas development, the instruments influencing the off-farm incomes directly and indirectly might be extracted. However, it should be highlighted that more important role will be assigned to instruments stimulating growth in non – farm employment on rural areas.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122157307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relacje wynagrodzenia i wydajności czynnika pracy w rolnictwie na tle gospodarki narodowej i jej sektorów w Polsce w okresie 2005-2012","authors":"W. Rembisz","doi":"10.7366/WIR022016/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7366/WIR022016/02","url":null,"abstract":"The Author discusses the relationship between the productivity of the labour factor and its remuneration. The analysis is focused on a comparison of agriculture to the national economy and its selected sectors. Both static and dynamic approaches are applied. The relationship between the productivity of the labour factor and its remuneration gives information whether the remuneration results from the productivity. Producer’s equilibrium, zero profit conditions and the problem of the allocation and distribution in the sectoral perspective are the theoretical basis for such an analysis. It is demonstrated whether (and to what extent) labour productivity is the source of funding remuneration in a given sector. Secondly, the analysis allows to assess rationality of the allocation of the labour factor and distribution of value added among sectors. The results can indicate i.a. whether agriculture benefits or loses from such a distribution. The analysis consists of two parts. In the first step the Author derives analytical formulas similar to the idea of the unit labour costs and presents theoretical proof. In the second step, empirical study is conducted based mainly on the graphical illustration.","PeriodicalId":124819,"journal":{"name":"Village and Agriculture","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}