American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences最新文献_第2页

A Transatlantic Comparative Study of Acute Dysphagia Services 急性吞咽困难服务的跨大西洋比较研究

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120205.02

R. Newman, T. Long

{"title":"A Transatlantic Comparative Study of Acute Dysphagia Services","authors":"R. Newman, T. Long","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120205.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120205.02","url":null,"abstract":"This was the first study to compare acute dysphagia service provision directly between the UK and the US. It examined variations in acute dysphagia services between the UK and the US, determined clinicians’ perceptions of their own service and that of their transatlantic counterparts, and elicited the reason for variation. An online survey was distributed to randomly-allocated teaching hospitals in the UK and the US, and speech and language therapists working with acute dysphagia responded anonymously via an automated system. Content analysis was employed to convert free-text responses to numeric data, and then this and existing numeric responses were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Variability was high, with the US having on average 0.95 whole time equivalent more clinicians per hospital than the UK. This resulted in an increased number of new patients examined and increased frequency of review of existing patients compared to the UK. In contrast, the UK had significantly increased waiting times with no patient being assessed on the same day as referral (compared to 63.6% of US responses). Notable variation was also seen in objective or instrumental assessment, with most US patients receiving videofluoroscopy or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (compared to only one UK hospital). Finance was found to be at the root of the variation. However, the more extensive US service was found to be more cost-effective.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133882827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Exercise and Muscle Contraction on Insulin Action, Transportation and Sensitivity and Muscle Fibres in type II Diabetes Mellitus 运动和肌肉收缩对II型糖尿病胰岛素作用、转运、敏感性和肌纤维的影响

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120206.04

Amir-ur Rehman, Muhammad A. Siddiqui, S. Ashraff

{"title":"Effect of Exercise and Muscle Contraction on Insulin Action, Transportation and Sensitivity and Muscle Fibres in type II Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Amir-ur Rehman, Muhammad A. Siddiqui, S. Ashraff","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120206.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120206.04","url":null,"abstract":"This review will critically evaluate the role of exercise in increasing the insulin action, transportation and sensitivity in skeletal muscles. The review will also, try to explore the relationship between the insulin stimulation and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) protein after the exercise The secondary purpose of this review is to explore whether the exercise induced sensitivity of glucose transport activation is mediated by translocation of greater number of GLUT-4 to the cell surface, and the role of different types of exercise in increasing insulin sensitivity. The review concluded that the stimulation of insulin and exercise is relevant to the physiological developed process of GLUT-4, isoform gene expression is precise and associated with the exercise only. While performing the endurance exercise as well as resistance training we can maintain the muscle bulk and prevent the atrophy in DM. Furthermore, it was proved that the resistance training puts direct effects on the muscles glycogen uptake intracellular and extra cellular signalling pathway and GLUT4, when the subject fed the rich diet of carbohydrate and participates in the exercise. These effects also found in the non-diabetes and healthy subjects.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133080881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Metoprolol Tartarate Using Core in Cup Tablet 酒石酸美托洛尔杯片芯脉动给药系统的研制与评价

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120206.02

Prashant A. Borgaonkar, S. Bushetti, M. Najmuddin

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Metoprolol Tartarate Using Core in Cup Tablet","authors":"Prashant A. Borgaonkar, S. Bushetti, M. Najmuddin","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120206.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120206.02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to formu late a pulsatile drug delivery system using metoprolol tartarate as model drug. A core in cup (three component tablet) is prepared where in core tablet, an impermeable material surrounding the tablet except the top and soluble hydrophilic poly mer layer at the top is designed. The core tablet contains metoprolol tartarate, cellu lose acetate propionate is used as impermeable memb rane and sodium alginate 500 cps and sodium alginate 2000 cps used as soluble hydrophilic poly mer layer .The top cover layer is prepared using 3 2 factorial design. Quantification of water uptake, top layer expansion, in-v itro dissolution studies, radial and axial expansion, stereomicroscopic image, and short term stability studies are performed. The concentration of top layer of hydrophilic poly mer is a critical factor governing the release pattern, increase in the concentration increased lag t ime and delay the release .The T70% and T90 % values are also influenced by the polymer concentration with less polymer concentration of hydrophilic poly mer lesser T70% and T90 % values are obtained and as the concentration increased higher values are obtained. It can be concluded from the study that pulsatile drug delivery system useful in chronotherapy of hypertension can be prepared by this technique.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115220139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Correlation Between Koilocytes, HPV DNA and CD4 Cells Count in Male and Female HIV Cohorts 男性和女性HIV队列中上皮细胞、HPV DNA和CD4细胞计数的相关性

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120204.03

A. O. Joseph, Isu Nnena Rosemary, A. Simon

引用次数: 0

Effects of a Single Pill 3-drug Combination of Lamivudine, Nevirapine and Zidovudine on Blood Parameters and Liver Histology in Female Wistar Rats 拉米夫定、奈韦拉平和齐多夫定三联片对雌性Wistar大鼠血液指标和肝脏组织学的影响

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120204.02

A. O. Adewale, O. Jubril, H. Oluwaseun, Huthman Adebukola Selimot, A. R. Ayoola

{"title":"Effects of a Single Pill 3-drug Combination of Lamivudine, Nevirapine and Zidovudine on Blood Parameters and Liver Histology in Female Wistar Rats","authors":"A. O. Adewale, O. Jubril, H. Oluwaseun, Huthman Adebukola Selimot, A. R. Ayoola","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the stigma associated with HIV infection, HIV infected persons in Nigeria, have been found to remove the packs of their drugs and transferring the contents into non antiretroviral drug containers especially multivitamin con- tainers, as a result unwary individuals have stumbled on such drugs and accidentally consumed it eventually leading to a host of complains such as dizziness, vague dreams, cramps etc. We therefore decided to study the effects of a single pill 3-drug combination of Lamivudine, Nevirapine and Zidovudine on the liver histology and blood parameters in the adult female rats. The rats were divided into two groups of 5 animals per group: one group received drug at a dose of 1.85mg/100g BW dis- solved in normal saline while the control group received normal saline 0.5ml/100g BW for three weeks. From our observation we discovered that there was an aberration in liver histology of the experimental group in that the central vein was dilated as compared to the control group and also discovered that the drug had some effect on the blood parameters, which include among other things a significant decrease in PCV and a significant increase in WBC. The enlargement of the central vein of the liver observed in this study may be due to the presence of Nevirapine in the drug regimen and this may be of serious implication on liver function.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122068276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Pro-Angiogenic Mediators as Targets for Chemotherapy of Colorectal Carcinoma 促血管生成介质作为结直肠癌化疗靶点

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20110101.02

N. Abdel-Hamid, M. Farid, A. Eldemeri, M. Atwa, N. Anbar

{"title":"Pro-Angiogenic Mediators as Targets for Chemotherapy of Colorectal Carcinoma","authors":"N. Abdel-Hamid, M. Farid, A. Eldemeri, M. Atwa, N. Anbar","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20110101.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20110101.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Angiogenesis and chronic inflammation are codependent in pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We aim to assess whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO) and total lipase (TL) activ- ity being contributors to angiogenesis, are targets for CRC chemotherapy. Methods we enrolled 60 subjects, 20 volunteers (10 males and 10 females) were assigned as control (group I). Forty CRC patients, 20 locally advanced (group II), sub- jected to surgery and chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 425 mg/m 2 ) plus leucovorin (LV, 20 mg/m2), IV, daily for 5 consecutive days, repeated every 3 to 5 weeks for 6 courses). The other 20 patients, were metastatic, (group III), followed up, given only adjuvant chemotherapy. Results Serum carcino embryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA19.9), VEGF, NO concentrations and TL activity were significantly elevated in CRC compared to control and in Gp III compared to Gp II patients, but were down-regulated by chemotherapy. VEGF, NO and TL helped in diagnosis and follow up of CRC, al- though they were not returned to reference intervals. In conclusion, the response to chemotherapy of VEGF, NO and TL substantiates an anti-angiogenic potential in controlling CRC. AFP level was not changed in secondary metastatic hepato- cellular carcinoma (HCC), seemingly, it rises only in primary HCCs.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114824145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Antioxidants Status in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Patients 急性淋巴细胞白血病患者抗氧化剂水平

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20110101.01

M. El-Sabagh, K. Ramadan, I. M. A. El-slam, A. ibrahim

{"title":"Antioxidants Status in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Patients","authors":"M. El-Sabagh, K. Ramadan, I. M. A. El-slam, A. ibrahim","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20110101.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20110101.01","url":null,"abstract":"ALL is the most common form of childhood cancer. Sufferers are treated with chemotherapy, which is asso- ciated with the production of free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress markers and some antioxidants status among Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients. This study included 40 children newly diagnosed ALL before chemotherapy (mean age, 8.2 ±2) compared to 20 healthy controls (mean age, 7.6 ±1.4). The same of 40 patients of ALL undergoing chemotherapy treatment for 3 months. Oxidative stress, blood antioxidants status, kidney and liver pro- files were measured in all groups. Our results showed that Antioxidants levels and Hb were significant decreased in ALL patients (P < 0.05) compared to control group, then antioxidants levels were more significant decreasing after ALL patients undergoing chemotherapy. In contrast MDA, 8dG, leukocytes count and Lymphoblast were significant increased (P < 0.05) compared to control group. Also, Urea and creatinine levels were found no significant difference between different groups, there was mild increase after chemotherapy but not significant. On other hand, ALT and AST were found no significant difference between healthy control and ALL patients. But their levels were found statistically significant to be increased in ALL patients after chemotherapy compared to before chemotherapy. In. conclusion, there are possible link between de- creased antioxidants and increased levels of cells alterations due to oxidative damage in ALL, and this appear to be asso- ciated with complications of treatment.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129429756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Level of Awareness of Hpv Involvement in Prostatic Cancer Among Different Cadres of Medical Doctors 不同类型医师干部对人乳头瘤病毒与前列腺癌关系的认知水平

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120202.03

A. O. Joseph, Isu Nnena Rosemary, A. Simon, A. H.F, A. Dangana

引用次数: 0

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Wounds in Minna, Bida, Kontagora and Suleja Areas of Niger State 尼日尔州Minna、Bida、Kontagora和Suleja地区手术伤口分离革兰氏阴性菌耐药性分析

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120201.05

R. Sani, S. Garba, O. A. Oyewole

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Wounds in Minna, Bida, Kontagora and Suleja Areas of Niger State","authors":"R. Sani, S. Garba, O. A. Oyewole","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120201.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120201.05","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics resistance profiles of bacteria from surgical wounds were investigated in four (4) General Hospitals (Bida, Kontagora, Minna and Suleja) in Niger State. Five hundred (500) samples (i.e. Two hundred (200) samples in Minna, One hundred (100) samples each Suleja, Kontagora and Bida) of wound exudates from these general hospitals, were analysed. The results showed the presence of Klebsiella Pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Proteus vulgaris in the samples from the wounds. From the five hundred (500) samples collected from all locations, forty two (42) samples had Kl. p neumoniae , sixty four (64) samples had Ps. aeruginosa , fifty two (52) samples had P . vulgaris and one hundred and nine (109) samples had E. coli. E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria from wounds in all the locations, while Kl. pneumoniae was the least isolated from wounds in all the locations. All the bacteria were tested for sensitivity against tarivid, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, augmentin, gentamycin, streptomycin, ceporex, nalidixic acid, septrin, ampicillin, ampiclox, zinacef, amoxacillin, rocephin, erythromycin. Most of all the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and Tarivid while others were resistant to remaining antibiotics. E. coli, Strept. pyogenes and S. aureus showed highest resistance profile and P. vulgaris, Kl. pneumoniae and Ps. aeruginosa showed least resistance profile to most antibiotics used.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120965316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Effect of Selenium on Carbimazole-Induced Histopathological and Histochemical Alterations in Prostate of Albino Rats 硒对卡马唑诱导的白化大鼠前列腺组织病理学和组织化学改变的影响

American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120201.02

S. Sakr, H. Mahran, A. Nofal

{"title":"Effect of Selenium on Carbimazole-Induced Histopathological and Histochemical Alterations in Prostate of Albino Rats","authors":"S. Sakr, H. Mahran, A. Nofal","doi":"10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120201.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJMMS.20120201.02","url":null,"abstract":"Carbimazole is an antithyroid drug used in treatment of hyperthyroidism. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of carbimazole in prostate of albino rats and the ameliorative role of selenium. Treating rats with carbi- mazole(1.35mg/Kg b.w) daily for 8 weeks caused distinct histological alterations in prostate gland compared with control group. The epithelial cells of prostatic acini exhibited degeneration. Hyperplasia were projected into the lumens of the prostatic acini or to the outside stroma. Most of the intertubular blood vessels were congested. Histomorphological results showed that the heights of the epithelial cells were significantly reduced and the thickness of smooth muscle layer increased. Prostate gland of animals treated with carbimazole showed gradual decrease in the polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acids contents. These results were time-dependent. Treating animals with carbimazole and selenium showed an improvement in the histological structure as well as histochemical components of the prostate gland. It is suggested that the ameliorative effect of selenium against the histological and histochemical changes induced by carbimazole may be due to its antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":124628,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131758920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21