Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Deferred rotation carbon programs for even-aged forests: Aligning landowner and societal objectives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest carbon program opportunities continue to expand for nonindustrial private landowners. We propose a novel forest harvest deferral-based program that would offer a stream of payments (a subsidy) for landowners in exchange for a rotation deferral. We analytically derive a representative landowner's marginal costs and marginal benefits associated with the deferred forest rotation and calculate the minimum payment necessary to incentivize a landowner to choose the socially optimal rotation instead of the private solution. At the socially optimal rotation age, the benefits to society from harvest deferral stem from the additional CO₂ sequestered through biomass production and storage of CO₂ for the longer periods inherent in sawtimber products. A simulation is used to assess how sensitive the socially optimal rotation age is to different site productivity levels and other assumptions. We show that more productive sites mean shorter forest rotation extension periods and demand higher payments due to the higher land and capital opportunity costs involved with deferred harvests. We also show that a longer sawtimber lifespan increases the socially optimal rotation time. All scenarios explored suggest that rotation extensions should be greater than one and shorter than twenty years. The methodology we propose is the only one that we are aware of that objectively determines the optimal forest harvest deferral time for different scenarios while aligning private landowner and societal objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting power dynamics and decision-making on U.S. National Forests: Oregon forest collaboratives in the era of social forestry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging from the conflict and gridlock that characterized forest management in the Pacific Northwest in the 1970s–1990s, community-based forest management offered a path forward. As forest collaboratives have gained in number and prominence, a shift towards social forestry, network governance consisting of collaborative processes that drive or influence U.S. Forest Service decision-making has taken root. In this era of social forestry, and as decentralization of natural resource management continues to increase, it has become increasingly important to understand the ways that power dynamics and decision-making processes have shifted. This qualitative, embedded case study research assesses the power dynamics between forest collaboratives and the Forest Service, and how these power dynamics impact the policy outcomes of the collaboratives. Our research reveals that forest collaboratives bring an added layer of institutionalization and public engagement in the decision-making process with their own suite of power dynamics. These findings suggest an increasing importance of non-state actors in forest management where collaboratives are providing increased access to knowledge and financial resources while also lending increased legitimacy and public trust to the Forest Service.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From centralization to decentralization: Evolution of forest policies and their implications on mangrove management in Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extensive research in forestry decentralization has been carried out to date. However, what is missing from these accounts is the constructions of meaning and interpretations of decentralization policies across time and space. Drawing upon the policy arrangement approach's four dimensions – rules, discourse, actors and power, we analyse the evolution of forest policies in Kenya and their implications on management of mangroves – a forest type that has received little research attention to date. Data were collected using a desk review of policy documents, archival and peer reviewed information complimented with 33 semi-structured interviews. The findings show that the shift to decentralized forest management has faced opposing discourses – inexhaustibility of mangroves, forest protection through restricted access, commercialization ostensibly to support resource conservation and use of technical arguments (such as requirement for communities to develop management plan before accessing use rights). Guided by these discourses central actors designed and implemented rules that promoted commercial harvesting of mangroves, marginalized local communities while entrenching state domination and control over mangrove forests. Our findings suggest that decentralized forest governance capacity can be improved by increasing the ‘common’ understanding of participatory forest management. This can be achieved by changing from a top-down system of creating rules to a negotiated system involving local communities and other stakeholders. There is also need to change the discourses surrounding mangroves within agencies charged with forest management such as KFS and empowering local communities to manage mangrove resources. This work can provide insights useful in designing mangrove management policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001448/pdfft?md5=bb5b9bd5dbc93a05b8aaaced16dc4e85&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Seventh International Faustmann Symposium: The Faustmann approach around the world","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demystifying the nexus between Forest cover and happiness: A study of global economies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quest for happiness is a fundamental human goal, recognized by the United Nations (UN). Understanding the importance of happiness, our study aims to examine the impact of economic, environment, social and political factors in influencing happiness among sixty economies observed over eleven years. Using Generalised method of moments (GMM) and Panel quantile regression (PQR) methodology, our results show that forest cover, GDP per capita, inflation, unemployment, freedom to make life choices, social support and perception of corruption play a significant role in determining happiness. We find that GDP per capita, freedom to make life choices and social support have direct and positive association with happiness while unemployment rate, inflation and perception of corruption negatively influence happiness. However, while using PQR technique in the case of forest cover, we found mixed results; forest cover is significantly and positively related with happiness at 10%, 50% and 75% quantiles whereas negatively related with happiness at 25% and 90% quantiles. We also observe that social support is a major determinant of happiness. The current study identifies objective and subjective indicators to determine overall happiness and recommends hedonic wellbeing policymaking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic factors influencing the gathering of major non-timber forest products around Nki and boumba-bek national parks, southeastern Cameroon","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural resources are inextricably linked to development processes and socio-economic growth of populations. In sub-Saharan Africa, forest resources are essential to the economic performance of the local communities, many of whom still live-in rural areas. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have the potential to contribute to conservation efforts by reducing pressure on forests. However, despite the extension of the market system to others regions, low appreciation of the socio-economic potential by local people makes NTFPs unattractive as a main source of income. The aim of this study was to identify the main socio-economic factors justifying main NTFP gathering in the vicinity of the Boumba Bek and Nki National Parks, Southeast Cameroon. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 households in 14 villages inhabited by Baka and Bantu. The socio-economic determinants gathering of five main NTFPs, namely <em>Ricinodendron heudelotii, Irvingia gabonensis, Aframomum melegueta, Afrostyrax lepidophyllus</em> and <em>Monodora myristica</em>, were assessed using univariate statistics and logistic regression analysis. For both ethnic groups, NTFPs are harvested for their income-generating potential and availability. Baka gather more NTFPs than the Bantu, but sell their products at a lower price. Bantu, even when producing small quantities, sell their products at high prices. Disparity in production and income between these two ethnic groups reflects their contrasting lifestyles, despite living in the same environment. Income from NTFP gathering is the cosmopolitan variable that explains the quantities collected. In addition, the collectors' age, ethnicity and whether or not they have received training in NTFP collection are also determining variables that explain NTFPs quantities collected. This research shows that species such as <em>I. gabonensis</em> and <em>R. heudelotii</em> should be promoted because of their high economic potential. There is also an urgent need to build the capacity of local populations in NTFP gathering practices and domestication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superstition and attitudes towards restoration of a mining-degraded forest reserve: Evidence from Ghana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest restoration has become a worldwide phenomenon to minimise the effects of climate change and global warming. However, in most cases, especially in Africa, communities around forests usually have a cultural attachment to these forests. Consequently, the preferences of fringing communities are important to ensure sustainable forest management. However, there seems to be a lack of understanding about how superstition may affect the attitudes of local communities towards forest restoration. This study aimed to examine the effect of superstition on household attitudes and preferences for restoring the Bonsa River Forest Reserve. Primary data was collected from 611 respondents in the Prestea-Huni Valley Municipality in the Western Region of Ghana and were analysed using mixed logit (ML) and generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) models. The findings revealed that very superstitious respondents preferred the tree species attributes but did not prefer the soil amendment, backfilling of mined-out areas and biodiversity attributes. These results indicate that local community superstitions should be incorporated into the planning and decision-making process regarding forest restoration management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The implementation of agroforestry in Namibia: A street-level bureaucracy perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Street Level Bureaucrats (SLBs) play a crucial role as frontline public officials tasked with implementing policies on the ground. Despite their significance, the specific challenges that they face in the context of agroforestry policy implementation remain understudied. This research aims to fill this gap by investigating the challenges and coping strategies of the SLBs who implement agroforestry policies in Namibia. In addition, we aim to understand how these coping strategies hinder or facilitate the implementation of agroforestry. Drawing upon Lipsky’s theory of Street Level Bureaucracy, a qualitative research approach was employed which included document analysis, on-field observation, and interviews. We interviewed eighteen (18) SLBs from the Forestry and Agriculture departments across five regions in Namibia. The findings show that organisational settings, personal norms, and coping strategies of rationing, husbanding and ambidexterity influence policy implementation and consequently the outcomes of agroforestry initiatives. The study emphasizes the critical role of government support, clear policy formulation, resource alignment, and creating an enabling environment to empower SLBs in their implementation activities. Furthermore, this study contributes to exploring Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy theory within the context of agroforestry policy implementation, and in settings that are similar to Namibia. We conclude that while the theory offers valuable insights, it may not fully capture the complexity of policy implementation in these contexts, especially considering the influence of informal factors. Acknowledging this, future research should consider integrating the informal and cultural context to better address these complexities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001539/pdfft?md5=f27ab5602d234f3775eb9b3aa6b6ccba&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the competition amongst pressure groups to provide ecosystem services on the optimal rotation length of forest stands","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A significant segment of the variety of forest ecosystem services is neither demanded nor supplied through market exchange, but is provided essentially through political processes. In this paper, we present an economic analysis of forest stand management under consideration of politically provided ecosystem services. In this, competition between pressure groups seeking to grasp privileges plays an important role. We extend the Hartman model with elements of the pressure group models. We incorporate the amount of the reward derived from the political contest, the effectiveness factor of the forest owner in the political competition and the lobbying investment made by the forest owner. We show that the competition amongst pressure groups has a profound impact on the optimal rotation length compared to the classical solution by Faustmann. We discuss, how the competition amongst pressure groups shapes the optimal rotation length when forest stand management provides multiple forest ecosystem services. We also address the levels of the reward derived from the political contest and the effectiveness factor in the context of the urban–rural interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest carbon under increasing product demand and land use change in the US Southeast","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased demands for timber products remove carbon from forests, however previous literature has suggested that higher resulting prices could spur forestland expansion, ameliorating the forest carbon impacts. We examine the impacts on forest carbon from harvest increases with an empirical forest sector model, coupled with an econometric model of endogenous land use change that differentiates the impacts of population, income, and pine plantation rents among forest management types and non-forest land uses. We explore the sensitivity of forest area and carbon to a suite of scenarios by varying timber product demands combined with a sensitivity analysis on pine plantation responses to pine plantation rents. The econometric results show that pine plantation rents lead to increases in pine plantation area and that all non-urban land uses are negatively related to both per capita income and population. Scenario projections show that (1) higher pulpwood demands driven by wood pellets lead to lower forest carbon outcomes; (2) higher sawtimber demands exacerbate the known cycles in sawtimber prices and result in corresponding cycles in forest area and carbon. All scenarios show increases in forest carbon over time, though some scenarios increase faster than others. Within the study period, the highest forest carbon level is achieved by the high sawtimber demand and low pulpwood demand scenario. Long term growth cycles over the course of the projection period, however, lead to alternating forest carbon outcomes, indicating that conclusions about forest carbon depend on the projection length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}