Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Accurate and robust prediction of Amyloid-β brain deposition from plasma biomarkers and clinical information using machine learning.","authors":"Jiayuan Xu, Andrew J Doig, Sofia Michopoulou, Petroula Proitsi, Fumie Costen","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1559459","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1559459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) greatly affects the daily functioning and life quality of patients and is prevalent in the elderly population. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is the main hallmark of AD pathophysiology. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is the most accurate method to identify Aβ deposits in the brain, but it is expensive and not widely available. The development of a low-cost method to detect Aβ deposition in the brain, as an alternative to PET, would therefore be of great value. This study aims to develop and validate machine learning algorithms for accurately predicting brain Aβ positivity using plasma biomarkers, genetic information, and clinical data as a cost-effective alternative to PET imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,043 patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset and validated our models on 127 patients from the Center for Neurodegeneration and Translational Neuroscience (CNTN) dataset. Brain Aβ status was determined using plasma biomarkers [Aβ42, Aβ40, Phosphorylated tau (pTau) 181, Neurofilament light chain (NfL)], Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and clinical information [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), age, education year, and gender]. Decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron machine learning methods were used to combine all this information. We introduced a feature selection method to balance the performance and the number of features. We conducted a feature matching technique to enable our model to be tested on the external dataset without retraining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our system achieved a value of 0.95 for the Area Under the ROC curve (AUC) using the ADNI dataset (<i>n</i> = 340) and the full set of 11 features. Our architecture was also tested on an external dataset (CNTN, <i>n</i> = 127) and achieved an AUC of 0.90. When using only five features (pTau 181, Aβ42/40, Aβ42, APOE ɛ4 count, and MMSE) on 341 ADNI patients, we achieved an AUC of 0.87.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The random forest, support vector machine and multilayer perceptron methods can accurately predict brain Aβ status using plasma biomarkers, genotype, and clinical information. The method generalizes well to an independent dataset and can be reduced to using only five features without losing much accuracy, thus providing an inexpensive alternative to PET imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1559459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naringenin as a neurotherapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease: epigenetic signatures, gut microbiota alterations, and molecular neuroprotection.","authors":"Zhenzhen Lai, Long Ke, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1647967","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1647967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, amyloid-<i>β</i> (Aβ) aggregation, tau pathology, oxidative stress, and chronic neuroinflammation. In recent years, the dietary flavonoid naringenin, abundant in citrus fruits, has gained attention as a multi-target neuroprotective agent with potential application in AD therapy. Preclinical studies demonstrate that naringenin exhibits robust antioxidant activity, notably through activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway, which reduces ROS and preserves mitochondrial integrity. Furthermore, naringenin upregulates AMPK-mediated autophagy, aiding in the clearance of toxic Aβ peptides and promoting neuronal survival. Inflammatory cascades are significantly downregulated following naringenin treatment. Additionally, naringenin modulates estrogen receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling, contributing to enhanced neuronal viability and reduced apoptosis. Notably, its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase suggests promise for restoring cholinergic neurotransmission. Despite these benefits, naringenin's poor solubility and limited oral bioavailability hinder clinical translation. To address these challenges, advanced nanocarrier-based delivery systems have been engineered to facilitate blood-brain barrier penetration and sustained brain targeting, markedly improving cognitive outcomes in animal models. Safety profiles in rodents indicate low toxicity at therapeutic doses, reinforcing its viability as a candidate compound. This review highlights the multifaceted mechanisms and delivery strategies of naringenin in AD, and underscores the need for well-designed clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1647967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence technologies for enhancing neurofunctionalities: a comprehensive review with applications in Alzheimer's disease research.","authors":"Zhirong Gu, Bin Ge, Yuanyuan Wang, Yiping Gong, Mei Qi","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1609063","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1609063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that impairs memory and cognition, presenting a growing global healthcare burden. Despite major research efforts, no cure exists, and treatments remain focused on symptom relief. This narrative review highlights recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), which enhance early diagnosis, predict disease progression, and support personalized treatment strategies. AI applications are reshaping healthcare by enabling early detection, predicting disease progression, and developing personalized treatment plans. In particular, AI's ability to analyze complex datasets, including genetic and imaging data, has shown promise in identifying early biomarkers of AD. Additionally, AI-driven cognitive training and rehabilitation programs are emerging as effective tools to improve cognitive function and slow down the progression of cognitive impairment. The paper also discusses the potential of AI in drug discovery and clinical trial optimization, offering new avenues for the development of AD treatments. The paper emphasizes the need for ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration and regulatory oversight to harness AI's full potential in transforming AD care and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1609063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofilament light chain concentration mediates the association between regional cortical thickness and Parkinson's disease with excessive daytime sleepiness.","authors":"Jieyu Chen, Guoliang Jiang, Yongyun Zhu, Chunyu Liang, Chenxi Liu, Jianzhun Chen, Baiyuan Yang, Xinglong Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1645290","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1645290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) that negatively impacts quality of life. Although biomarkers of brain structure, function, and neurodegeneration have been studied, their interactions in EDS remain unclear. This study explores the relationship between cortical thickness, functional connectivity (FC), and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in PD-EDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>36 PD-EDS patients and 100 PD patients without EDS (PD-non-EDS) underwent structural MRI and resting-state FC analysis, with regions of cortical atrophy serving as regions of interest (ROIs). Plasma NfL levels were quantified using high-sensitivity Single Molecule Array (SiMoA™). Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the interplay between NfL levels, neuroimaging markers, and EDS severity, assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD-EDS patients exhibited significant cortical thinning in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and right postcentral region (PoCR), along with weakened FC between the left SMG and left PoCR, and between the right PoCR and left inferior frontal gyrus (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in PD-EDS patients than in those without EDS (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and mediated the relationship between left SMG thickness and EDS severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma NfL levels mediate the association between cortical thinning in the left SMG and EDS severity in PD-EDS, suggesting a link between neurodegenerative processes underlying axonal injury and cortical atrophy in key regions associated with EDS in PD. Our findings suggest that combining neuroimaging markers with plasma NfL levels may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving EDS progression in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1645290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring efficient and effective mammalian models for Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Mitsunori Kayano","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1652754","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1652754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to explore and discuss efficient and effective mammalian models for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, efficient AD models are characterized by a small body size, a short lifespan, and rapid development of the main pathology including amyloid plaque formation. Effective AD models are expected to exhibit not only the main pathology, but also co-pathology associated with other neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Lewy body dementia), systemic disturbances such as disrupted central-peripheral homeostasis, and sleep-circadian failures. This reflects recent findings indicating that AD is far more multifactorial than previously assumed. Although further investigation is required, non-human primates, particularly common marmosets (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>), and dogs (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>) are candidates of promising and effective AD models. Tree shrews (<i>Tupaia belangeri</i>), guinea pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>), and evolutionary related species including degus (<i>Octodon degus</i>) constitute an alternative group of AD models that remain underexplored but potentially efficient and effective. These mammalian models, together with hypothesis-driven mouse models and advances in data science technologies including omics and imaging analyses, may lead to breakthroughs in AD research, resulting in the development of effective prevention and treatment for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1652754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12391168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinations of multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive test scores to identify patients with cognitive impairment.","authors":"Yuriko Nakaoku, Soshiro Ogata, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Chikage Kakuta, Eri Kiyoshige, Kanako Teramoto, Kiyomasa Nakatsuka, Gantsetseg Ganbaatar, Masafumi Ihara, Kunihiro Nishimura","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1650629","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1650629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), defined as the prodromal stage of dementia, is key to delaying the progression to dementia through lifestyle interventions and/or pharmacological treatments. This study aimed to develop and test new identification models for MCI in community settings based on multiple sources of clinical features, including neuroimaging biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed cognitive testing and MRI examination data from 148 community-dwelling older adults in Nobeoka City. MCI was assessed using the Memory Performance Index from the MCI Screen. The variables used for model development were multisource features, including MRI-derived biomarkers and cognitive test scores. Finally, MCI identification models were developed using a penalized logistic regression model with an elastic net algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 148 participants (mean age, 78.6 ± 5.2 years), 44.6% were identified as having MCI. The area under the curve for the elastic net model using baseline variables (i.e., age, sex, and education) and the multisource model were 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.89) and 0.81 (0.67 to 0.94) in the test datasets, respectively. The addition of neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive test scores significantly improved the performance of the model identifying MCI (<i>p</i> = 0.012 by DeLong's test). The structural, perfusion, and diffusion MRI-derived biomarkers remained in the identification model with variable selection with the elastic net algorithm, and were thus considered important variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our multisource elastic net model demonstrated high performance at detecting MCI, suggesting that the combination of multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers contributes to MCI discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1650629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut dysbiosis is associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability and cognitive impairment in elderlies with coronary heart disease.","authors":"Lichao Di, Peiying Huang, Yeju He, Na Sun, Liwei Chi, Lining Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1640761","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1640761","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The gut-brain axis is recognized as a critical pathway through which gut microbiota influences neurological health. However, the complex interplay between gut microbiota composition, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and cognitive function in elderly individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) experiencing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to investigate these relationships in a cohort of 40 elderlies with CHD, comparing those with MCI to those with normal cognition (NC), focusing on microbial diversity, specific taxa alterations, BBB permeability, and their correlations with cognitive performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This preplanned secondary analysis utilized data from two prospective cohort studies, enrolling elderlies with CHD (≥60 years). Participants were categorized into NC (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 20) and MCI (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 20) groups based on standardized neuropsychological assessments. Fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region) to evaluate gut microbiota diversity and composition. BBB permeability was quantified using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), specifically measuring the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) in the hippocampus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Compared to the NC group, MCI patients exhibited significantly reduced gut microbial &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;-diversity (Chao1 index: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002; Shannon index: &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009) and distinct &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-diversity profiles (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, PERMANOVA, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003). LEfSe analysis identified depletion of key short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing taxa in the MCI group, including at the family level (Ruminococcaceae, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016; Rikenellaceae, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.042; and Barnesiellaceae, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038) and genus level (Faecalibacterium, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003 and Oscillospira, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002). Hippocampal BBB permeability (Ktrans) was significantly elevated in MCI patients (6.04 ± 3.02 vs. 3.90 ± 1.03 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006) and inversely correlated with the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium (Spearman's r = -0.466, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) and Oscillospira (Spearman's r = -0.322, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.043). Conversely, these genera showed positive correlations with Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) scores (Faecalibacterium: r = 0.596, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; Oscillospira: r = 0.369, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.019).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Elderlies with CHD and MCI demonstrate significant gut dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and depletion of SCFA-producing taxa, notably butyrate producers. These microbial alterations are correlated with increased BBB permeability in the hippocampus and diminished cognitive function. These findings highlight the potential role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in this vulnerable population and suggest that targeting gut microbiota could be a th","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1640761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age- and sex-related differences in landmark recall following a virtual spatial navigation task.","authors":"Alexis N Chargo, Cheryl L Dahle, Naftali Raz, Ana M Daugherty","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602945","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wayfinding is a cognitive ability that supports accurate spatial navigation and declines in this ability adversely affect independent living in older age. The cognitive map represents environmental details, such as landmark cues, relative to the goal location. Distal cues appear to be less effective than proximal ones in precisely locating the goal. Age-related declines in spatial precision may result in fewer accurate landmark-place details or hinder the differential use of cue types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined spatial navigation abilities using a virtual adaptation of the Morris Water Maze in a community lifespan sample of 169 adults (aged 18-78 years). Following 25 learning trials with a fixed, hidden platform, spatial precision of recalling the platform location was tested with map reproduction tasks that manipulated the environmental presentation of cues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-related differences varied by sex; middle-aged and older women were less precise in recalling platform location compared to men, but only when provided with all distal and proximal cues. This effect was partially related to the recall accuracy of landmark-place associations: middle-aged and older women who had recalled fewer details were less precise when provided all landmark cues. By comparison, the association between free recall and spatial precision was weaker in younger women and in middle-aged and older men.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest differential age- and sex-related variations in the integration of navigation cues in wayfinding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1602945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on static and dynamic posture control in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yaru Wei, Peng Chen, Jianglong Zhan, Lulu Yin, Zhongqi Yu, Lin Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1645962","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1645962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on static and dynamic postural control in older adults, with the goal of providing evidence-based support for tDCS interventions in fall prevention among the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CNKI were searched from their inception to March 11, 2025, covering literature published in all languages. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials or randomized crossover trials assessing the effects of tDCS on static or dynamic postural control in older adults. The methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies were assessed using the PEDro scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, respectively. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to explore potential moderators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 14 were subjected to meta-analysis. Compared to control conditions, tDCS significantly improved following outcomes in older adults, static postural stability index (APSI_static: <i>p</i> < 0.001; MLSI_static: <i>p</i> < 0.001; OSI_static: <i>p</i> < 0.001), single-leg stance time (<i>p</i> = 0.004), center of pressure (COP) sway area during quiet standing (<i>p</i> = 0.044), COP path length (<i>p</i> = 0.03), dynamic postural stability index (APSI_dynamic: <i>p</i> < 0.001; MLSI_dynamic: <i>p</i> < 0.001; OSI_dynamic: <i>p</i> < 0.001), Timed Up and Go test (TUGT; <i>p</i> = 0.003), and stride time variability during walking (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that tDCS efficacy varied according to stimulation site and intervention duration. Meta-regression further revealed that the effect of tDCS on single-leg stance time was influenced by mean age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested that tDCS can significantly improve static and dynamic postural control in older adults. However, due to the limited number of included studies and substantial heterogeneity observed in some analyses, the current conclusions require further validation through high-quality research. Based on the available evidence, it is recommended that future studies focus on the application of tDCS in fall-prevention interventions among older adults, in order to provide stronger evidence for its implementation in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) (Unique Identifier: [registration number: CRD420251031377]). The protocol is publicly available at: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/].</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1645962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local gyrification index and sulcal depth as imaging markers of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Yongsik Sim, Changmin Seo, Young-Gun Lee, Byoung Seok Ye, Ilwoo Lyu, Beomseok Sohn","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1635861","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1635861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the correlation between cortical thickness (CT), sulcal depth (SD), local gyrification index (LGI), and cognitive scores in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 patients with AD from 2014 to 2021 were included, confirmed by 18F-florbetaben-positron emission tomography, and having a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5 or 1. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and cognitive function was assessed through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB)-II, with specific <i>z</i>-scores used for multiple divisional cognitive functions. CT, SD, and LGI were extracted from the 3D T1-weighted images acquired with 3-T MRI scanners. General linear models were used to examine associations between cortical features and cognitive scores, controlling for age, sex, and years of education. Cluster-level significance was determined using a family-wise error (FWE)-corrected threshold of <i>p</i> < 0.05, with a cluster-forming height threshold of uncorrected <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included patients with a mean age of 73.7 years and an average MMSE score of 23.8. The cortical shape features of multiple brain regions showed significant correlations with the MMSE score after adjusting for age, sex, and years of education. Among those, SD and LGI in the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri had positive correlations with MMSE. For executive function, SD showed correlations in the left inferior frontal and orbitofrontal gyrus. Regarding language function, CT was associated with regions such as the superior temporal gyrus, while SD demonstrated correlations with the left supramarginal gyrus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that certain changes in cortical shape features are associated with particular cognitive function scores. Surface-based morphometric features of SD and LGI provided complementary results to CT analyses. Region-specific changes in SD and LGI could be useful imaging markers to predict cognitive decline in AD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1635861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144948942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}