Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Sex differences in the association of cardiometabolic risk scores and blood pressure measurements with white matter hyperintensities in diverse older adults-HABS-HD.","authors":"Cellas A Hayes, Raul Vintimilla, Soumilee Chaudhuri, Michelle C Odden","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1607646","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1607646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to determine whether cardiometabolic risk factors and blood-pressure (BP) metrics were differentially associated with white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV) in males versus females in the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 3,585 community-dwelling adults (2,207 females) from non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic groups who underwent BP measurement and WMHV quantification. Linear regression models assessed (i) individual risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, tobacco dependence), (ii) a composite risk score, and (iii) four BP metrics (systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure), each including a sex-interaction term and adjusting for age, education, race/ethnicity, and scanner. A second BP model also controlled for all five risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetes (β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.28-0.64), hypertension (β = 0.47, 0.30-0.64), and higher composite risk (β = 0.19, 0.12-0.26) were associated with greater WMHV. Diastolic BP (β = 0.18, 0.11-0.26) and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.14, 0.07-0.21) related to larger WMHV, with diastolic BP remaining significant after full adjustment (β = 0.14, 0.07-0.22). No sex interactions survived correction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of aggressive cardiometabolic and BP control, particularly diastolic BP, to mitigate WMHV in both sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1607646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and neuroinflammation: a bibliometric analysis of research progress and future perspectives.","authors":"Yeting Zhang, Huangyan Li, Jiangxi Yang, Huan Ma","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602724","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases and is closely related to the dysfunction of the nervous system. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that physical activity (PA) has a significant regulatory effect on neuroinflammation. However, a comprehensive analysis of research in this field is currently lacking, including the evolution of knowledge structures, interdisciplinary trends, and dynamic shifts in research hotspots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrieved relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection database for the period from 2004 to 2025. The search strategy was TS = ((\"physical activit*\" OR exercis* OR \"exercise training\") AND (\"neuroinflammat*\" OR \"neuro inflammatory\" OR \"neuro-inflammatory\")), with the document type limited to Articles and Reviews. After screening, a total of 661 eligible articles were included for bibliometric analysis. The analysis tools used were the Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer, which were employed to visualize the results of the literature analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2004 to 2025, the number of publications in this field showed a yearly increasing trend, with an annual growth rate of 15.05%. China and the United States were the main contributing countries, publishing 122 and 111 articles, respectively. In terms of journals, the <i>International Journal of Molecular Sciences</i> ranked first with 36 articles and a total of 799 citations. Among the institutions, Karolinska Institute led the way in terms of citation counts, amassing a total of 391 citations. Regarding author keywords, \"Alzheimer's disease,\" \"microglia,\" and \"older adults\" were the three most frequently occurring keywords. Research hotspots have gradually shifted from the early focus on hippocampal function and neuroinflammation mechanisms to current directions such as neurodegenerative diseases, microglial regulation, and the gut-brain axis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study systematically reviewed the research progress in the field of PA and neuroinflammation from 2004 to 2025 using bibliometric methods and revealed the research hotspots, trends, and thematic evolution in this field. It provides a systematic scientific basis for scholars to understand the field, optimize research directions, and develop intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1602724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the link between incidental physical activity and inhibition of automatic responses in aging. An ERP study.","authors":"Javier Sanchez-Lopez, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Sergio Manuel Sánchez-Moguel, Graciela Catalina Alatorre-Cruz, Mauricio González-López, Jorge A Sigg-Alonso, Mariana Pérez-Figueroa, Thalía Fernández","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602114","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1602114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of cognitive reserve explains how the brain maintains function despite age-related changes or neuropathological damage. Factors such as education, cognitive stimulation, and physical activity contribute to strengthening this reserve. While research has highlighted the benefits of structured exercise, less attention has been given to the impact of incidental physical activity (IPA) everyday, unplanned movements like walking or household chores. This study examined the relationship between IPA and the inhibition of automatic responses, a key executive function that tends to decline with age. A total of 59 healthy older adults (mean age = 67; standard deviation = 4.95; range = 60-82; 35 females) were assessed and divided into two groups based on their IPA levels, measured using the Yale Physical Activity Survey. They then completed a Counting-Stroop task, designed to assess inhibitory control, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to measure brain activity. Behavioral results confirmed the Stroop effect in both groups, with similar patterns observed overall and only one between-group difference during the incongruent condition. ERP analyses revealed greater late negativity as a result of the differences between conditions (1,050-1,200 ms) during the counting-Stroop task in the high-IPA group, suggesting more effective late-stage inhibitory processing post-execution likely related to re-evaluation and resolution of the conflict, while the low-IPA group lacked this effect. Furthermore, distinct neural activity patterns between the conditions were observed for each group as well. The high-IPA group showed differences between congruent and incongruent conditions between 300 and 500 ms, suggesting earlier conflict monitoring, while the low-IPA group exhibited significant differences over frontal areas in the 500-700 ms window, likely suggesting a different strategy for resolving interference. These findings suggest that IPA may enhance executive function by mainly supporting the later stages of inhibitory control mechanisms at a neural level, even when behavioral performance remains comparable. Given its accessibility, IPA may be a valuable strategy to maintain cognitive reserve and promote healthy aging. Future research is necessary to further explore the relationship between IPA and cognition in the context of cognitive reserve.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1602114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a predictive model for cognitive impairment among older adults in Northwest China.","authors":"Yu Wang, Ni Wang, Yanjie Zhao, Xiaoyan Wang, Yuqin Nie, Liping Ding","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1487838","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1487838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is most common in older adults and seriously affects their quality of life. Early prediction of cognitive impairment could be beneficial for identifying vulnerable individuals and planning primary and secondary prevention to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to combine the advantages of machine learning and logistic regression to construct a risk prediction model for cognitive impairment among older adults in Northwest China to identify individuals at increased risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted. The participants and data included in this study were from the National Key Research and Development Project \"Intelligent Elderly Disability Monitoring and Early Warning Network System Construction.\" Older adults in Northwest China were assessed between March 2022 and January 2023 using a multistage sampling method. We used random forest algorithms to select important features from potential predictors. The features identified using the random forest model were subjected to logistic regression analysis to develop a cognitive impairment prediction model. Model performance was evaluated on the basis of the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12,332 older adults were recruited and screened with the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale. The detection rate of cognitive impairment was 24.86%. The random forest algorithm and multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictive factors for cognitive impairment among older adults in Northwest China were advanced age, high BMI, low literacy, low gait speed, primary financial resources from children or labor, freelance work, less exercise, low scores on instrumental activities of daily living, low walking test scores, low levels of activities of daily living, and irregular participation in social activities, all of which were used to create the nomogram. The model established with the above 12 independent predictors achieved an area under the curve of 0.816 (95% CI: 0.807∼0.824); the risk prediction value of 0.211 was the best cut-off value and showed good sensitivity (75.50%), specificity (72.40%), accuracy (73.14%), F1 score (0.802), precision (89.91%), and recall (72.38%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults is high in Northwest China. The combination of machine learning and logistic regression yielded a practical cognitive impairment prediction model and has great public health implications for the early identification and risk assessment of cognitive impairment among older adults in Northwest China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1487838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference between Okinawan and Dutch older adults in prefrontal brain activation.","authors":"Branislava Ćurčić-Blake, Yuko Futenma, Donald Craig Willcox, Parisa Esmaeili Tazangi, Nido Dipo Wardana, Yukihiko Ueda, André Aleman","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1454068","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1454068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults in Okinawa (Japan) are known for healthy aging and longevity. This is the first study to explore brain activation during executive functioning in Okinawan older adults in comparison to Western-European (Dutch) older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total number of 80 participants were included in the study (41 from the Netherlands and 39 from Okinawa), with ages between 65 and 80 years). The groups did not differ for sex and handedness. Brain activation was measured during a visual working memory task and a verbal fluency task, for bilateral frontal cortex using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We investigated oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) levels and laterality index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups performed within the normal range for their population. During verbal fluency, less activation in the left frontal gyrus was observed in Okinawa participants as compared to Dutch participants, and more activation in the anterior superior parts of the frontal gyrus. For the n-back task, the Okinawa group exhibited less activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and more activation in the bilateral anterior frontal gyrus. Although laterality indices were similar for both tasks, Okinawa participants showed stronger left lateralization during category fluency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results reveal less activation of the task-relevant areas in participants from Okinawa as compared to Dutch participants. It could be hypothesized, with caution, that Okinawan older adults may need less executive processing resources to perform the task. Other differences in activation may be related to different strategy use, which may be studied in more detail in future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1454068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic exploration of obesity-related indicators and motor cognitive risk syndrome: a mediated effect based on C-reactive protein triglyceride glucose index.","authors":"Zhongqiang Guo, Shuang Deng, Li Li, Min Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1623148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1623148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationships between obesity-related indicators and motor cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), as well as the mediating role of the C-reactive protein triglyceride glucose index (CTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this study was to provide evidence-based support to optimize MCR screening programs and develop prevention strategies for cognitive impairment in elderly individuals. This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015, and 5,665 participants were ultimately included. The independent variables were obesity-related indicators (WC, Waist circumference; WHtR, waist to height ratio; BRI, body roundness index; BMI, body mass index), and the mediating variable was CTI. Multiple logistic regression analysis, threshold effect analysis, and curve fitting analysis were used to analyze the relationships between obesity-related indicators and MCR. The mediation analysis method was used to observe the mediating effect of CTI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI, WC, WHtR, and BRI all significantly increased the risk of MCR. Threshold analysis revealed a nonlinear BRI-MCR association (inflection point = 2.45, <i>P</i> = 0.041), whereas the association with WHtR was linear (<i>P</i> = 0.069). Mediation analysis revealed that the CTI mediated 20.99% of the effect of the WHtR on MCR, 25.55% of the effect of WC, and 21.74% of the effect of the BRI. The overall effect, direct effect, and indirect effect are all significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study, which is based on CHARLS data, revealed that obesity-related indicators (WC, WHtR, BRI) significantly correlate with MCR risk. Metabolic disorders mediate the association of WHtR with MCR, confirming their central role in the link between obesity and cognition. Threshold effects were observed. The proposed method is to incorporate WHtR and CTI into community health assessments for early cognitive impairment screening, offering evidence for targeted interventions in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1623148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144845307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Lifestyle and environmental influences on Alzheimer's disease: exploring the roles of diet, exercise, cognitive reserve, sleep, and air quality.","authors":"Ruogu Cheng, Song Qiao, Hongquan Wang, Yan Liu, Zhengjun Wang, Guohao Wang, Pei Shang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1657074","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1657074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1657074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12340548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromotor functions across the lifespan: percentiles from 6 to 80 years.","authors":"Tanja H Kakebeeke, Jon Caflisch, Aziz Chaouch, Valentin Rousson, Flavia M Wehrle, Oskar G Jenni","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1543408","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1543408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the dynamics of neuromotor functions from 6 to 80 years with the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA) and to provide reference curves for clinical and research use.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Neuromotor data on 1620 individuals (828 females) measured with the ZNA and ZNA-2 between 1983 and 2023 were extracted from 11 studies, all performed at the same center in the region of Zurich, Switzerland. Performance on 14 motor tasks was modeled as a function of age and sex while controlling for differences in testing procedures that occurred over the period spanned by the studies. The age of peak performance was identified for each task. Motor performance was converted into standard deviation scores (SDSs) at the task level and combined into the five motor components of the ZNA-2: fine motor, pure motor, balance, gross motor, and contralateral associated movements. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on motor component SDSs was also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data showed a rapid increase in motor functions during the first years, particularly before age 10 years, followed by a leveling in performance between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Afterward, a decrease in motor functions was observed in most tasks. However, the age of peak performance and the rate of decline varied greatly between the tasks: motor functions in tasks requiring muscle force deteriorated faster than those involving isolated movements, which showed only mild declines at older ages. Males reached peak performance on average 1 year later than females. High BMI (SDS > 1) was associated with lower balance and poorer gross motor functions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Neuromotor functions undergo dynamic changes throughout the lifespan from early childhood to older adulthood, with peak performances and declines depending on type of motor task and sex. High BMI negatively impacts balance and gross motor functions but not other neuromotor domains. Our findings may inform clinical practice and interventions aimed at optimizing motor functions across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1543408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12340781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between physical exercise and autophagy signaling in brain health, neurodegenerative diseases and aging.","authors":"Bo Gao, Li Wang, Jian Gong, Zehua Zhu, Qi Liu, Han Yuan, Haitao Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1579208","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1579208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain health is increasingly recognized as a critical component of overall wellbeing, particularly concerning neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, together with less common disorders, resembling Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), significantly impact cognitive and physical health, affecting over 50 million individuals worldwide. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between brain health and neurodegeneration, emphasizing the roles of biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Notably, physical activity has been identified as a potent intervention that enhances neuroplasticity and metabolic resilience while mitigating the effects of neurodegeneration. Research indicates that exercise activates autophagy, which is crucial for clearing neurotoxic aggregates like amyloid-beta and α-synuclein, thereby promoting neuronal health. Additionally, exercise stimulates the production of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and GDNF, which are essential for neuronal survival and function. Despite the promising findings regarding exercise as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, further investigation into the underlying mechanisms is necessary to optimize these interventions. This review aims to elucidate the complex interactions between exercise, autophagy, and brain health to provide insights into effective strategies for combating neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1579208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of the immune system and cognitive impairment: trends from 1985 to 2024.","authors":"Beibei Zou, Jinxi Xiang, Muhua Zhang, Jing Huang, Chao Feng","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1587575","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2025.1587575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is closely linked to immune system dysfunction, with increasing research interest in the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive approach to understanding research trends, influential contributions, and emerging topics in this interdisciplinary field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications related to the immune system and cognitive impairment from 1985 to 2024, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace (6.4. R1), VOSviewer (1.6.20), and R-bibliometrix (R 4.3.0) were employed to analyze publication trends, co-authorship networks, keyword clustering, and co-citation patterns. Key metrics, including the H-index, G-index, and M-index, were computed to assess academic influence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,737 publications were analyzed, revealing a significant increase in research output since 2021. The United States and China emerged as leading contributors, with a robust presence of collaborative networks. Keyword and co-citation analysis identified core research themes, including neuroinflammation, microglia activation, gut microbiota, TREM2-mediated immune responses, and inflammasomes. Emerging topics such as the gut-brain axis, metabolic syndromes, and immune regulation in neurodegenerative diseases have gained prominence in recent years. Highly cited papers highlighted the role of immune dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of research trends in immune-related cognitive impairment. The findings indicate an increasing focus on neuroinflammatory mechanisms, immune cell interactions, and novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Future research is expected to further explore the gut-immune-brain axis and precision medicine approaches in managing cognitive disorders. These findings may facilitate early detection strategies and novel interventions targeting immune-cognitive interactions, such as gut-brain axis modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1587575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12336137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}