Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Herpes simplex virus infection and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Ji-Yeun Hur","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1858017","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1858017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 95% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a complex mixture of genetic and environmental factors. This is called sporadic AD or late-onset AD, and much of its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. There is growing evidence indicating that the viral infection, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), triggers and worsens the AD progression in combination with the APOE4 genotype in AD patients. The innate immunity of host cells produces proinflammatory cytokines, which further drive neuroinflammation in the brain. Concurrently, Aβ and phosphorylated tau could entrap foreign pathogens such as HSV-1 according to the \"antimicrobial protection hypothesis of AD,\" and accelerate the progression of AD. In this review, growing evidence ranging from HSV-1 infection to the AD progression via the accumulation of Aβ and tau, and neuroinflammation is explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1858017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13539487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and feasibility of an adapted Portuguese folk dance-based therapy in older adults with moderate-to-severe dementia and balance impairment.","authors":"Ana Almeida, Vasco Caveirinha, Joana Felício, Rui Fontes, Patrícia João, Tânia Libório, Ana Piedade, Carlos Família, Catarina Godinho, Júlio Belo Fernandes","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1886478","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1886478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Population ageing has increased the prevalence of dementia, often accompanied by mobility impairments. It is essential to develop effective interventions and promote adherence among people with dementia. Culturally meaningful activities may enhance motivation, engagement, and rehabilitation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods pilot study was developed to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of an adapted Portuguese folk dance-based intervention among older adults with moderate to severe dementia and balance impairment in a long-term care facility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten participants were recruited; eight completed the 4-week, twice-weekly programme. Quantitative measures included the Mini-BESTest and MoCA. Acceptability domains, including enrolment, retention, attendance, satisfaction, and safety, were assessed through surveys and interviews. Retention was 80%, and attendance averaged 85.9%. No adverse events occurred. All participants expressed high satisfaction, perceived the programme as useful, and indicated a willingness to repeat or recommend it. Balance improved significantly [Mini-BESTest mean change = 1.38 ± 0.32; <i>t</i> = 4.25, <i>p</i> = 0.004, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.50; BF₁₀ = 14.00 (numerical error ≈ 5.76 × 10^-7)], while cognition remained stable [MoCA <i>w</i> = 0.00, <i>p</i> = 1.00; BF₁₀ = 0.50 (numerical error 9.03 × 10^-5)]. Qualitative data highlighted enjoyment, motivation, and social connection as facilitators of adherence. The adapted Portuguese folk dance-based programme showed feasibility and acceptability among older adults with dementia.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings support its feasibility and preliminary potential as a culturally rooted intervention, warranting evaluation of balance-related benefits in future controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1886478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layered classification in Parkinson's disease: a content analysis of clinical, prodromal, and biological criteria evolution.","authors":"Aishanjiang Yusufujiang, Shan Zeng, Hongyan Li","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1935021","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1935021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is no longer described through a single diagnostic vocabulary. Clinical criteria, prodromal probability models, and biological research classifications now operate in parallel after the 2024 NSD-ISS and SynNeurGe proposals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To clarify how major PD criteria and research frameworks have justified diagnostic change and redistributed the roles of clinical signs, biomarkers, genetics, and prodromal markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a targeted document-based qualitative content analysis of eight purposively selected landmark PD criteria or criteria-adjacent framework documents, with the 1988 UK Brain Bank/Lewy body source retained as a historical lineage anchor. Document-declared aims and perceived diagnostic problems were coded with a prespecified framework, and twelve diagnostic elements were assigned interpretative ordinal scores according to their document-specific textual roles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the selected corpus, stated priorities shifted from clinicopathological specificity, standardization, and differential diagnosis toward early identification, biomarker integration, staging/subtyping, and trial readiness. Diagnostic-element roles moved from motor signs, exclusions, and dopaminergic response toward RBD/olfaction in prodromal probability frameworks and toward α-synuclein SAA, dopaminergic imaging, and genetics in 2024 biological research frameworks. The analyzed documents indicated materially different 2024 architectures: NSD-ISS emphasized biological definition and integrated staging, whereas SynNeurGe used a multidimensional S/N/G structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis suggests that contemporary PD classification can be understood as a layered architecture rather than a simple replacement sequence. Clinical criteria remain necessary for care, prodromal criteria support early-risk research, and biological frameworks require longitudinal, pathological, technical, ethical, and global-access validation before clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1935021"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent neurovestibular frailty: a conceptual model integrating vestibular dysfunction, dual-task mobility and cognitive load as candidate contributors to falls, delirium and functional decline in older adults.","authors":"Samaher Mohammed Alowaydhah, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, Abdulmajeed Alfayyadh, Sulaiman Alanazi","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1879751","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1879751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Falls, delirium and functional decline are commonly treated as distinct geriatric outcomes despite sharing vulnerabilities in sensory integration, gait regulation, attention and physiological reserve. We propose silent neurovestibular frailty as a conceptual model describing a latent ageing phenotype in which vestibular dysfunction, dual-task gait deterioration and sensitivity to cognitive load interact before overt disability becomes apparent. This construct is presented as a hypothesis-generating framework rather than a validated diagnostic entity, intended to integrate currently separate lines of evidence into a testable model. Vestibular impairment in later life is associated with balance deficits, mobility limitation and reduced functional reserve, whilst dual-task gait assessment may reveal cognitive-motor interference that remains undetected during routine walking evaluation, although dual-task cost may reflect impairment, strategic task prioritisation, or both. Delirium introduces additional clinical urgency because acute cognitive deterioration frequently develops in older adults with sensory impairment, immobility, multimorbidity, medication exposure and diminished adaptive reserve. We argue that vestibular function, dual-task mobility and cognition deserve coordinated assessment as a candidate translational risk triad for older adults vulnerable to falls, hospital-acquired delirium and accelerated functional decline, whilst recognising that prospective evidence validating this integrated phenotype is currently lacking. The model extends rather than replaces multifactorial fall prevention and provides an empirical agenda for operationalisation, validation and intervention testing across community, perioperative, inpatient and rehabilitation settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1879751"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tai Chi for improving motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients: a systematic review of mechanisms.","authors":"Zhi Li, Xiupan Wei, Pengyi Gao, Jiayi Zhang, Qian Wang, Pei Wang, Ting Zhou, Hongxing Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1883064","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1883064","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In recent years, Tai Chi (TC) training has played an increasingly important role in the management of motor disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. A thorough understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of TC is crucial for optimizing its clinical efficacy. The long-term practice of TC has been shown to enhance patients' balance and postural stability, thereby reducing the risk of falls and improving their walking ability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review seeks to elucidate the mechanisms through which TC enhances motor symptoms in individuals diagnosed with PD. It also endeavors to conduct a comprehensive review of existing evidence pertaining to this phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, structured per PICOS (Population: adults with Parkinson's disease; Intervention: Tai Chi, any style/dosage; Comparator: no intervention, usual care, alternative exercise, or pre-post comparison; Outcomes: biomechanical, molecular/metabolic, or neural-network mechanisms linked to motor symptoms; Design: clinical trials reporting ≥ 1 mechanistic outcome). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched in June 2026, yielding 10 eligible studies (6 RCTs, 4 non-randomized) on TC's effects in Parkinson's disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results and conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;TC was associated with improvements in postural control, balance, muscle strength, and motor symptoms, alongside reductions in muscle tone and enhancements in quality of life in Parkinson's patients. Most proposed molecular, metabolic, and neural-network mechanisms rely on indirect (peripheral biomarker) or single-study evidence rather than direct central measurements, and remain hypothesis-generating. Candidate mechanisms include increased dopamine-pathway markers, regulated inflammatory responses, and altered neurotransmitter-related metabolism. TC may also affect amino-acid, energy, and neurotransmitter metabolism - including enhanced arginine biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and adenosine levels - and upregulate peripheral blood glutathione, an antioxidant marker that may offset oxidative stress relevant to dopaminergic neuron survival, contributing to its therapeutic effects. Molecularly, TC was linked to enhanced ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in a single study, but this finding is derived from peripheral blood and requires confirmation. Biomechanically, it improves center-of-pressure displacement and muscle activity; at the neural-network level, it is linked to improved coordination and activation in motor-related brain areas. However, these mechanistic conclusions are preliminary. Most molecular and metabolic evidence is indirect (peripheral biomarkers) and derived from single studies with small sample sizes, requiring confirmation in larger, centrally-measured trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systematic review registration: &lt;/strong&gt;","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1883064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-type-dependent decline of IGF1 and IGF1R in the prefrontal cortex contributes to age-related behavioral changes.","authors":"Shuwen Yue, Christian Young, Arushi Garg, Tyler Sarovich, Lu Chen, Kendall Dickerson, Zi-Jun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1858227","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1858227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling plays a critical role in brain function and declines significantly with aging. However, how these changes occur across different brain regions and cell types, and how they contribute to behavioral dysfunction, remains poorly understood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), a key regulator of cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors, is particularly vulnerable to age-related changes. Here, we investigated age-associated changes in IGF1 and its receptor (IGF1R) in major neuronal populations of the PFC and examined their functional relevance. Using immunohistochemical analysis across young adult, middle-aged, and aged mice, we identified cell-type-dependent alterations in IGF1 and IGF1R expressions in the PFC of C57BL/6 mice, characterized by a reduction of IGF1 in both excitatory (CaMKII⁺) and inhibitory (GAD67⁺) neurons, and a selective decrease of IGF1R in excitatory neurons. To determine the functional consequences of these changes, we employed an excitatory neuron-specific <i>Igf1r</i> conditional knockdown (cKD) model in the PFC of young adult mice. IGF1R cKD in excitatory neurons of young adult mice resulted in behavioral dysfunction across multiple domains, including increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced sociability, and impaired cognitive performance. Furthermore, chronic intra-PFC infusion of IGF1 alleviated age-associated behavioral impairments in aged mice, and these recovery effects depend on IGF1R in excitatory neurons. Together, these findings support a critical role for region- and cell type-specific IGF1 and IGF1R system in regulating behavioral function during aging and provide insight into mechanisms underlying age-associated behavioral declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1858227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered activation patterns of sensorimotor cortex during level walking and stair climbing in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Liming Jiang, Kun Yang, Tianzhong Zi, Yanuo Li, Jiayi Xia, Sizhong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1847015","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1847015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized not only by peripheral joint pathology but also by mechanisms related to central sensitization. Previous studies have reported reduced activation of sensorimotor cortex during isolated joint movements in patients with KOA. However, cortical activation during walking remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate sensorimotor cortex activation during different walking tasks in patients with KOA to identify potential targets for central interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen patients with KOA and 18 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to monitor hemodynamic activity in bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), primary sensory cortex (S1), and somatosensory association cortex (SAC). Paired <i>t</i>-tests and mixed analysis of variance were performed to examine interhemispheric and between-group differences. Clinical assessments included pain intensity assessed by VAS and functional status assessed by WOMAC. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between cortical activation and clinical scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCs showed symmetrical bilateral cortical activation across tasks, whereas patients with KOA exhibited reduced cortical activation in the left hemisphere compared with the right. During stair tasks, activation in the left M1, S1, and SAC in patients with KOA was significantly lower than that in the right (<i>P</i> < 0.05). During level walking, only left S1 activation was significantly lower than the right (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with HCs, patients with KOA also exhibited reduced activation in the left hemisphere, with significant lower activation in the left M1, S1, and SAC during stair tasks (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and reduced activation in the left S1 during level walking (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No significant between-group differences were observed in the right hemisphere. Additionally, activation in the left M1 and S1 was negatively correlated with VAS scores, and activation in the left M1 was negatively correlated with WOMAC function scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with KOA exhibit reduced contralateral sensorimotor cortex activation during walking tasks, with greater reductions as task difficulty increases. Lower activation in contralateral M1 and S1 is associated with higher pain and poorer functional status, highlighting the role of central mechanisms in KOA and potential targets for neuromodulatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1847015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Alzheimer's disease-related genes and neurodegenerative blood-based biomarkers in Indian adults.","authors":"Hasan Abu-Amara, Wei Zhao, Zheng Li, Yuk Yee Leung, Gerard D Schellenberg, Li-San Wang, Eileen M Crimmins, Bharat Thyagarajan, Masroor Anwar, Perry Hu, Sharmistha Dey, Aparajit B Dey, Xiang Zhou, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Jinkook Lee, Sharon L R Kardia, Jennifer A Smith","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1832155","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1832155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias are a growing health and economic burden in India. Blood levels of amyloid beta (Ab), tau, and other proteins marking neuronal injury are biomarkers of AD risk and are potentially important for AD prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2,224 participants from the Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD), we performed gene-based analyses on (1) missense/loss-of-function (LoF) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and (2) brain-specific promoter/enhancer SNVs across 84 genes selected from AD GWAS and 25 gene-biomarker pairs selected from biomarker GWAS. We used variant-Set Test for Association using Annotation infoRmation (STAAR) across 7 neurodegenerative biomarkers measured in blood: Ab40, Ab42, Ab42/Ab40, total tau (tTau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (pTau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL). We adjusted for age, sex, and genetic ancestry, with random intercepts for genetic relatedness and biomarker plate. Analyses incorporated weighted annotation scores (e.g., deleteriousness). Significant results (FDR-<i>q</i> < 0.1) were followed up with single variant analysis. Genes were also assessed for sex- and age-interactions using iSKAT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Missense/LoF variants in 6 AD-associated genes (<i>ECHDC3</i>, <i>CLU</i>, <i>APOE</i>, <i>EPHA1</i>, <i>ICA1L</i>, <i>CASS4</i>) and 1 biomarker-associated gene (<i>APOE</i>) were associated with Ab40, Ab42/Ab40, pTau, and/or GFAP (FDR <i>q</i> < 0.1), with the most significant SNVs tending to be rare/low-frequency (MAF ≤ 0.05) and potentially deleterious. Promoter/enhancer variants in 1 AD-associated gene (<i>CCDC6</i>) were associated with Ab42/Ab40, with the index SNV being a potentially deleterious common variant (MAF = 0.27). Several associated variants appeared to have higher frequency in India compared to other global populations. Missense/LoF SNVs in two AD genes (<i>EPHA1</i>, <i>MS4A6A</i>) had sex-specific effects on Ab42 and/or tTau, and promoter/enhancer SNVs in four AD genes (<i>DGKQ</i>, <i>MS4A6A</i>, <i>MS4A4A</i>, <i>JAZF1</i>) had sex-specific effects on tTau and/or pTau. Missense variants in 12 AD genes and promoter/enhancer variants in two AD genes showed interaction with age on at least one biomarker, primarily GFAP and NfL with genetic effects tending to be stronger at older ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rare and common variants in AD- and neurodegenerative biomarker-associated genes with increased frequency in India compared to other populations may impact blood levels of neurodegenerative biomarkers in South Asians.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1832155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced BOLD-CSF coupling as a potential functional imaging correlate of semantic fluency decline in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.","authors":"Ying Xu, Xiaona Xia, Ying Wang, Ke Xue, Ying Wei, Ling Li, Xiangshui Meng","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1879851","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1879851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated neurovascular-cerebrospinal fluid dynamic interactions using blood-oxygen-level-dependent-cerebrospinal fluid (BOLD-CSF) coupling metrics and examined their associations with cognitive impairment in patients with MRI-negative unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 36 patients with MRI-negative unilateral TLE and 26 healthy controls (HCs) recruited during the same study period were enrolled. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was used to quantify global BOLD-CSF (gBOLD-CSF) and temporal BOLD-CSF (tBOLD-CSF) coupling. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Digit Span Test (DST), Block Design, Phonological Fluency Test (PFT), and semantic verbal fluency (SVF). Partial correlations and multivariable linear regression were performed to evaluate associations between imaging metrics and cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HCs, TLE patients showed significantly poorer performance on MoCA (<i>p</i> = 0.007), DSST, DST, Block Design, PFT, and SVF (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Both gBOLD-CSF and tBOLD-CSF coupling strengths were markedly reduced in TLE patients (FDR-<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). After adjustment for age, sex, education level, and sleep duration, both coupling metrics were positively associated with SVF performance. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to the three prespecified primary imaging-SVF associations-gBOLD-CSF coupling, tBOLD-CSF coupling, and CPV-using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. The associations between the BOLD-CSF coupling metrics and SVF performance remained significant after FDR correction (gBOLD-CSF coupling: partial <i>r</i> = 0.723, unadjusted <i>p</i> < 0.001, FDR-adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.001; tBOLD-CSF coupling: partial <i>r</i> = 0.396, unadjusted <i>p</i> = 0.025, FDR-adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Reduced tBOLD-CSF and gBOLD-CSF coupling may serve as functional imaging correlates of semantic network vulnerability in patients with MRI-negative TLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1879851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using QSM to investigate the iron deposition patterns in deep gray matter nuclei during the aging process in healthy populations.","authors":"Xingyu Wang, Yiming Wang, Lin Liu, Ziqi Wang, Qingfeng Zhu, Duo Gao, Xuefang Han, Huandi Lv, Song Zhao, Hong Song, Xueshan Cao, Zuojun Geng","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1839435","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1839435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We utilized 3.0T quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technology to simultaneously investigate (a) the relationship between susceptibility values of deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei and age in healthy populations throughout the aging process, and (b) the correlation of iron deposition among DGM nuclei and its potential clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>QSM images of DGM nuclei were obtained from 100 healthy participants using a 3.0T MRI scanner. Susceptibility values of corresponding DGM nuclei were acquired by manually delineating regions of interest (ROIs). Pearson correlation analysis and univariate regression analysis were performed between age and the susceptibility values of each DGM nucleus. Partial correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationships between mean susceptibility values across multiple nuclei.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Except for the CN, the susceptibility values of the other five DGM nuclei showed a significant positive correlation with age. Among them, the PUT had the strongest correlation with age (<i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the iron deposition rate in the PUT increased the most with age (linear regression slope = 0.93 ppb/year). Additionally, the average susceptibility values between multiple pairs of DGM nuclei, including SN and GP (<i>r</i> = 0.59, <i>p</i> < 0.001), SN and DN (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001), etc., still shows a significant positive correlation after controlling for age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iron deposition in the PUT exhibits the most significant age dependence; the correlation of iron deposition among nuclei may indicate that specific nuclei share the same iron deposition patterns or are involved in the same pathological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1839435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}