Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Altered activation patterns of sensorimotor cortex during level walking and stair climbing in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Liming Jiang, Kun Yang, Tianzhong Zi, Yanuo Li, Jiayi Xia, Sizhong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1847015","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1847015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized not only by peripheral joint pathology but also by mechanisms related to central sensitization. Previous studies have reported reduced activation of sensorimotor cortex during isolated joint movements in patients with KOA. However, cortical activation during walking remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate sensorimotor cortex activation during different walking tasks in patients with KOA to identify potential targets for central interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen patients with KOA and 18 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to monitor hemodynamic activity in bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), primary sensory cortex (S1), and somatosensory association cortex (SAC). Paired <i>t</i>-tests and mixed analysis of variance were performed to examine interhemispheric and between-group differences. Clinical assessments included pain intensity assessed by VAS and functional status assessed by WOMAC. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between cortical activation and clinical scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCs showed symmetrical bilateral cortical activation across tasks, whereas patients with KOA exhibited reduced cortical activation in the left hemisphere compared with the right. During stair tasks, activation in the left M1, S1, and SAC in patients with KOA was significantly lower than that in the right (<i>P</i> < 0.05). During level walking, only left S1 activation was significantly lower than the right (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with HCs, patients with KOA also exhibited reduced activation in the left hemisphere, with significant lower activation in the left M1, S1, and SAC during stair tasks (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and reduced activation in the left S1 during level walking (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No significant between-group differences were observed in the right hemisphere. Additionally, activation in the left M1 and S1 was negatively correlated with VAS scores, and activation in the left M1 was negatively correlated with WOMAC function scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with KOA exhibit reduced contralateral sensorimotor cortex activation during walking tasks, with greater reductions as task difficulty increases. Lower activation in contralateral M1 and S1 is associated with higher pain and poorer functional status, highlighting the role of central mechanisms in KOA and potential targets for neuromodulatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1847015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced BOLD-CSF coupling as a potential functional imaging correlate of semantic fluency decline in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy.","authors":"Ying Xu, Xiaona Xia, Ying Wang, Ke Xue, Ying Wei, Ling Li, Xiangshui Meng","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1879851","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1879851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated neurovascular-cerebrospinal fluid dynamic interactions using blood-oxygen-level-dependent-cerebrospinal fluid (BOLD-CSF) coupling metrics and examined their associations with cognitive impairment in patients with MRI-negative unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 36 patients with MRI-negative unilateral TLE and 26 healthy controls (HCs) recruited during the same study period were enrolled. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was used to quantify global BOLD-CSF (gBOLD-CSF) and temporal BOLD-CSF (tBOLD-CSF) coupling. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Digit Span Test (DST), Block Design, Phonological Fluency Test (PFT), and semantic verbal fluency (SVF). Partial correlations and multivariable linear regression were performed to evaluate associations between imaging metrics and cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HCs, TLE patients showed significantly poorer performance on MoCA (<i>p</i> = 0.007), DSST, DST, Block Design, PFT, and SVF (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Both gBOLD-CSF and tBOLD-CSF coupling strengths were markedly reduced in TLE patients (FDR-<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). After adjustment for age, sex, education level, and sleep duration, both coupling metrics were positively associated with SVF performance. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to the three prespecified primary imaging-SVF associations-gBOLD-CSF coupling, tBOLD-CSF coupling, and CPV-using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. The associations between the BOLD-CSF coupling metrics and SVF performance remained significant after FDR correction (gBOLD-CSF coupling: partial <i>r</i> = 0.723, unadjusted <i>p</i> < 0.001, FDR-adjusted <i>p</i> < 0.001; tBOLD-CSF coupling: partial <i>r</i> = 0.396, unadjusted <i>p</i> = 0.025, FDR-adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Reduced tBOLD-CSF and gBOLD-CSF coupling may serve as functional imaging correlates of semantic network vulnerability in patients with MRI-negative TLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1879851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using QSM to investigate the iron deposition patterns in deep gray matter nuclei during the aging process in healthy populations.","authors":"Xingyu Wang, Yiming Wang, Lin Liu, Ziqi Wang, Qingfeng Zhu, Duo Gao, Xuefang Han, Huandi Lv, Song Zhao, Hong Song, Xueshan Cao, Zuojun Geng","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1839435","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1839435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We utilized 3.0T quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technology to simultaneously investigate (a) the relationship between susceptibility values of deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei and age in healthy populations throughout the aging process, and (b) the correlation of iron deposition among DGM nuclei and its potential clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>QSM images of DGM nuclei were obtained from 100 healthy participants using a 3.0T MRI scanner. Susceptibility values of corresponding DGM nuclei were acquired by manually delineating regions of interest (ROIs). Pearson correlation analysis and univariate regression analysis were performed between age and the susceptibility values of each DGM nucleus. Partial correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationships between mean susceptibility values across multiple nuclei.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Except for the CN, the susceptibility values of the other five DGM nuclei showed a significant positive correlation with age. Among them, the PUT had the strongest correlation with age (<i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the iron deposition rate in the PUT increased the most with age (linear regression slope = 0.93 ppb/year). Additionally, the average susceptibility values between multiple pairs of DGM nuclei, including SN and GP (<i>r</i> = 0.59, <i>p</i> < 0.001), SN and DN (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001), etc., still shows a significant positive correlation after controlling for age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iron deposition in the PUT exhibits the most significant age dependence; the correlation of iron deposition among nuclei may indicate that specific nuclei share the same iron deposition patterns or are involved in the same pathological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1839435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Parkinson's disease: current findings and challenges in diagnosing and treating motor and non-motor symptoms.","authors":"Liane Kaufmann, Beatrice Heim, Rejko Krüger, Klaus Seppi, Martin Südmeyer","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1944463","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1944463","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1944463"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging the therapeutic effects of cerebral endothelial cell derived exosome treatment of a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Lian Li, Guangliang Ding, Li Zhang, Hao Luo, Edward Boyd, Qingjiang Li, Jasleen Kaur, Manisha Bohara, Michael Chopp, Zheng Gang Zhang, Quan Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1788077","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1788077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of select proteins in the brain, associated with altered vascular function, glymphatic transport, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, and cerebral microstructure. Exosomes derived from cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-Exo) have been demonstrated to reduce vascular dysfunction, which may beneficially impact perivascular glymphatic clearance, and potentially, protein aggregates and the corresponding microstructural disruption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the effect of CEC-Exo therapy on AD by assessing glymphatic transport, CSF motion, and microstructural integrity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and measuring cognitive performance. TgF344-AD rats, at 12-months of age, were randomly treated with CEC-Exo (1×10¹¹ particles/intravenous injection) or saline twice-weekly for four consecutive weeks. MRI measurements, including dynamic 3D T1-weighted imaging with contrast agent and diffusion MRI (dMRI) with multiple <i>b</i>-values, were conducted for all rats at 13-months. Glymphatic function was evaluated with tracer-induced time signal curve (TSC), while microstructural state and CSF motion were assessed with parameters derived from dMRI acquired at high (dMRI_high-b) and low (dMRI_low-b) <i>b</i>-values, respectively. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TSCs demonstrated significantly higher peak values in the olfactory bulb and whole brain in the CEC-Exo-treated group than in the saline-treated group. With the CEC-Exo treatment, a significantly increased MD_low-b, a measure of pseudorandom CSF motion derived from dMRI_low-b, was observed in the representative CSF-filled space. As revealed by dMRI_high-b-derived parameters, CEC-Exo treatment resulted in significantly elevated axonal water fraction, fractional anisotropy, and Kurtosis in white matter, as well as significantly reduced mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity in both white and gray matter in the AD brain. In the MWM test, CEC-Exo-treated rats spent a significantly greater percentage of time in the correct quadrant than did saline-treated rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CEC-Exo treatment preserved glymphatic transport, CSF motion, and microstructural integrity in the AD brain, accompanied by a reduced cognitive decline. With a global therapeutic impact, the CEC-Exo therapy provides a novel strategy on the treatment of AD. Our data support the value of dMRI_low-b as a clinically feasible imaging tool for assessing alterations in CSF dynamics that mediate perivascular glymphatic clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1788077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Bioactive compounds in neuroprotection: unveiling modern therapeutics in aging.","authors":"Chandra Prakash, Pavan Kumar, Deepak Sharma","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1956060","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1956060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1956060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of chronic disease burden, depressive symptoms, and functional limitations related to falls in middle-aged and older adults: a matched longitudinal study.","authors":"Mengmeng Wang, Yaohui Cui, Lincheng Duan, Xiaowei Qin","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1896362","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1896362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls are often treated as isolated events, but the physiological, psychological, and functional trajectories surrounding a first fall remain poorly understood. We examined chronic disease burden, depressive symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) limitations before and after first fall reports in England and the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a matched longitudinal analysis of adults aged ≥50 years in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Participants who first reported a fall during follow-up were matched 1:1 to participants without reported falls using coarsened exact matching (CEM). Matching used baseline age, birth year, sex, and education. Repeated outcomes comprised an eight-condition count, the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and a six-item ADL count. Time zero was the first fall-report wave or matched pseudo-index wave. Outcome-specific piecewise mixed-effects models incorporated quadratic time terms selected using likelihood-ratio tests and information criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Matched samples included 3,582 ELSA and 4,178 HRS participants. At time zero, adjusted fall-group minus non-fall-group differences were 0.10, 0.30, and 0.12 in ELSA. The corresponding differences in HRS were 0.20, 0.35, and 0.28. These values represent chronic condition, depressive symptom, and ADL limitation counts, respectively. At +8 years, the corresponding differences were 0.19, 0.33, and 0.30 in ELSA. In HRS, they were 0.40, 0.43, and 0.95. Nonlinear specifications improved fit for all outcomes in both cohorts. Dichotomous analyses also showed higher odds of multimorbidity, depression, and ADL disability in the fall group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A first fall report marked a period of accumulating physiological, psychological, and functional vulnerability in both cohorts. Because time zero was a survey report wave rather than the exact fall date, these event-aligned associations do not isolate acute causal effects. Nevertheless, a first fall report may provide a useful trigger for comprehensive assessment and sustained functional support.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1896362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Analysis of cognitive function trajectories and influencing factors in elderly patients with ischemic stroke: a prospective longitudinal study.","authors":"Xinhao Chen, Chengxia Wei, Danli Zhao, Chenmei Zhou, Wenjing Wang, Gendi Lu","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1959507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2026.1959507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2026.1733972.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1959507"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute total sleep deprivation transiently increases plasma total tau but not plasma P-tau181 in healthy adults.","authors":"Beiyu Zhao, Meng Wei, Suhang Shang, Ling Gao, Shan Wei, Liangjun Dang, Jie Liu, Chen Chen, Yanbo Li, Jin Wang, Fan Gao, Qiumin Qu","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1904137","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1904137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep deprivation is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) are closely related to cerebral AD pathology and serve as peripheral biomarkers. Our previous work showed that acute sleep deprivation elevated plasma Aβ₄₀ in healthy adults. Here we conducted an exploratory analysis to examine the effects of sleep deprivation and subsequent recovery on plasma total tau (T-tau) and P-tau181 levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy adults underwent 24 h of total sleep deprivation followed by daytime naps and a full night of recovery. Venous blood was drawn at 12 predefined time points. Plasma T-tau and P-tau181 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma T-tau increased by 35.09% (<i>P</i> = 0.018) after 24 h of sleep deprivation, and decreased by 37.78% (<i>P</i> = 0.005) after sleep recovery. The rise in T-tau was positively correlated with wakefulness duration (β = 0.629, <i>P</i> < 0.001). In contrast, no significant changes in plasma P-tau181 were detected with sleep deprivation or recovery under the present experimental conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Under an experimental protocol of 24-h sleep deprivation followed by recovery sleep, transient elevation of plasma T-tau (but not P-tau181) was observed in healthy young adults in this exploratory study. These findings indicate that conditions involving short-term sleep loss are associated with fluctuations in a nonspecific plasma marker of neuronal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1904137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of STX1A in Parkinson's disease: evidence, mechanistic hypotheses, and translational perspectives.","authors":"Rui Xu, Rui Li, Hongmei Li, Qingyun Li, Yanping Li, Gang Wu, Xiaolin Dong","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1905708","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnagi.2026.1905708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, α-synuclein pathology, and widespread synaptic dysfunction. Syntaxin-1A (STX1A), a presynaptic Qa-SNARE protein, is essential for synaptic vesicle fusion and also interacts with proteins involved in ion-channel regulation and neuronal excitability. Several animal, extracellular-vesicle, and peripheral-blood studies have reported reduced STX1A abundance in PD. However, the available evidence is predominantly cross-sectional and does not establish whether STX1A downregulation is a cause of PD pathology, a consequence of neuronal and synaptic loss, or a peripheral correlate of disease. This narrative review critically evaluates evidence linking STX1A to PD and distinguishes experimentally supported observations from mechanistic hypotheses. Potential relationships with calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial injury, ferroptosis, and neuroimmune signaling are discussed as testable models rather than established pathways. Direct evidence connecting STX1A to the gut-brain axis in PD is currently lacking and is therefore considered primarily as a future research direction. The biomarker and therapeutic potential of STX1A remains preliminary because diagnostic performance, disease specificity, longitudinal stability, and causal relevance have not been adequately validated. Future studies using cell-type-specific STX1A manipulation, rescue experiments, electrophysiology, and multicenter longitudinal cohorts are required to define the biological and clinical significance of STX1A in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12450,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1905708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}