Food Science and Human Wellness最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of free amino acids, biogenic amines and volatile compounds in fermented sausages inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus simulans","authors":"Xuefei Shao,&nbsp;Huhu Wang,&nbsp;Xiangyu Song,&nbsp;Mingyuan Huang,&nbsp;Jian Sun,&nbsp;Xinglian Xu","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250046","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactic acid bacteria and coagulase-negative staphylococci play an important role in the production of fermented sausages, such as inhibiting the growth of undesirable bacteria and antioxidant. In this study, the effects of inoculation with different starter cultures (<em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> HN108 and <em>Staphylococcus simulans</em> NJ209) on the free amino acids (FAAs), biogenic amines (BAs) and volatile compounds of fermented sausages were investigated using an amino acid analyzer, ultra performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, respectively. The pH and carbonyl content of the inoculated group was significantly lower than those in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>L. plantarum</em> HN108 significantly reduced the content of FAAs and BAs in fermented sausage production (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while <em>S. simulans</em> NJ209 promoted the formation of FAAs (especially bitter amino acids) and exhibited slight BAs-reducing activity. In addition, <em>L. plantarum</em> HN108 promoted the formation of volatile compounds such as ketones, alcohols and alkenes in sausages. In conclusion, <em>L. plantarum</em> HN108 could contribute to reducing the content of putrescine and tyramine and forming the desirable flavor compounds in fermented sausages. Thus, <em>L. plantarum</em> HN108 is expected to be a starter culture that can improve the safety and flavor of fermented sausages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3642-3651"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of moderate beer consumption with the gut microbiota","authors":"Zhaoxi Liu ,&nbsp;Jinming Shi ,&nbsp;Lushan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Dong ,&nbsp;Junhong Yu ,&nbsp;Min Chen","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250004","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beer is a fermented beverage prepared from water, malted barley, hops, and yeast that has been around for centuries. Alcoholic beverages alter the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn causes oxidative stress brought on by alcohol, increases intestinal permeability to luminal bacterial products. However, beer has been shown to contain several intriguing non-alcoholic chemicals. Recent research demonstrates that moderate beer drinking could have positive impacts on human health. Beer's non-alcoholic ingredients have a significant impact on gut microbiota, and this type of diet is known to modulate gut microbiota, which has a variety of effects on the body, including effects on intestinal permeability, mucosal immune function, intestinal motility, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Although the negative consequences of excessive alcohol intake are widely known, it is still debatable whether or not some non-alcoholic components, such as polyphenols and carbohydrates, have any positive benefits. In this review, we explain the primary benefits of moderate beer consumption on the gut microbiota, which are mostly attributable to non-alcoholic components such polyphenols. Despite any potential advantages of moderating consumption of alcoholic beverages, the lowest alcohol intake is the most secure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3126-3138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into IgG/IgE binding capacity and gut microbiota of digestion products derived from glycated ovalbumin","authors":"Jihua Mao ,&nbsp;Yanhong Shao ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Zongcai Tu","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250045","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota plays an important role in food allergy. The immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding capacity and human gut microbiota changes of digestion products derived from glycated ovalbumin (OVA) were investigated. Gastrointestinal digestion effectively destroyed the primary structure of glycated OVA, resulting in a significantly higher digestibility than gastric digestion, and more abundant peptides &lt; 3 kDa. Moreover, gastric and gastrointestinal digestion products have different fluorescence quenching and red shift of fluorescence peaks, and possess different conformational structures. These changes resulted in a decrease in 28.7 % of the IgE binding capacity of gastrointestinal digestion products beyond that of pepsin. Moreover, gastrointestinal digestion products of glycated OVA increased significantly the proportion of <em>Subdoligranulum</em>, <em>Collinsella</em>, and <em>Bifidobacterium</em>. Therefore, gastrointestinal digestion products of glycated OVA altered human intestinal microbiota, reducing the risk of potential allergy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3633-3641"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and analysis of immunological activity of two isoforms of tropomyosin in Alectryonella plicatula","authors":"Shiqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Yexin Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Huan ,&nbsp;Xinrong He ,&nbsp;Xiao Yun ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Guixia Chen ,&nbsp;Guangming Liu","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250050","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oyster, as a common aquatic food, play an important role in shellfish allergy. In this study, 2 tropomyosin (TM) isoforms TM-α and TM-β (TM-α/-β) in <em>Alectryonella plicatula</em> were identified. The sequences of 852 bp encoding 284 amino acids of TM-α/-β and 2 recombinant proteins were obtained, respectively. There were 12 amino acid differences between TM-α/-β. The results of immunological experiments indicated that TM-β had stronger immunobinding activity and immunoreactivity than those of TM-α. Structural analysis showed that TM-β had more <em>α</em>-helix and higher surface hydrophobicity than TM-α. Sequences and epitopes alignment with shellfish TMs revealed that amino acids of TM-β were more frequently recognized as IgE epitopes in other shellfish TMs than TM-α. Differences in structure and sequence account for the higher immunological activity of TM-β compared to TM-α. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enriching the understanding of shellfish TM and accurate diagnosis of allergic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3697-3707"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced protective effect of selenium-biofortified peptide RYNA(Se)MNDYT compared with its native peptide RYNAMNDYT in lipopolysaccharide-injured murine gut microbiota","authors":"Shujian Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Zhu ,&nbsp;Mengfei Chen ,&nbsp;Aohuan Huang ,&nbsp;Yizhen Xie ,&nbsp;Jiaming Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Xue ,&nbsp;Moutong Chen ,&nbsp;Jumei Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Qingping Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Ding","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250024","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenopeptides may be a valuable bioactive compound to promote gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic methods for intestinal disease and hepatopathy. However, limited information is available on the utilization of selenopeptides by gut microbiota, especially Selenium (Se) function. For this purpose, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of selenopeptide (RYNA(Se)MNDYT, Se-P2, purity of ≥ 95 %) and its original peptide (RYNAMNDYT, P2, purity of ≥ 95 %) <em>in vivo</em> by the microbiota-metabolite axis and further analyze the potential contribution of Se biofortification to Se-P2 bioactivity. The results showed that Se-P2 exhibits a higher protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation than P2, including pathology of the colon and liver, which suggested that the bioactivity of P2 was promoted by the organic combination of Se. Notably, gut microbiota composition tended to be a healthy structure by Se-P2 pretreatment in LPS-injured mice, which had a positive effect on LPS-induced gut microbiota dysbacteriosis. Additionally, only Se-P2 promoted an increase in the relative abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Alistipes</em>, and <em>Roseburia</em> and a decrease in the relative abundance of <em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Erysipelatoclostridium</em>, and <em>Bacteroides</em> in LPS-injured mice. The changes in gut microbiota were obviously correlated with the changes in metabolites and affected the metabolic pathways of valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism. This may be one of the key reasons for Se-P2 to exert bioactivity through the microbiota-metabolite axis. Furthermore, Se-biofortification in Se-enriched <em>Cordyceps militaris</em> affected the parental proteins of Se-P2 to modulate mitogen-activated protein kinase, GPI anchored protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, translation, folding, sorting and degradation, which may contribute to the bioactivity of Se-P2. Our study provides information on the effect of Se on selenopeptides <em>in vivo</em>, which further promotes the prospective applications of selenopeptides as dietary supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3391-3402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) in resolution of metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma","authors":"Yufei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaonian Cao ,&nbsp;Zhilei Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingxi Ren ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Ji ,&nbsp;Min Gong ,&nbsp;Yuezheng Xu ,&nbsp;Weibiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuguang Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Mao","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250033","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Higher alcohols are key factors affecting sensory quality and post-drinking comfort of alcoholic beverages. A strategy combining solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) was established to analyze the metabolism pattern of higher alcohols in rat plasma after gavage of 4 common alcoholic beverages including huangjiu, baijiu, wine and brandy. 7 mL of dichloromethane was determined as the optimal extraction condition, and 8 higher alcohols were precisely quantified with detection limits of 1.82−11.65 μg/L, recoveries of 89.07 %−110.89 % and fine repeatability. The fastest absorption and elimination rates of plasma total higher alcohols were observed in baijiu and huangjiu group, respectively, and the highest peak concentration was found in brandy group. Additionally, the metabolic rate of plasma isoamyl alcohol in huangjiu group was faster than that in wine group at the same intragastric administration dosage. This study may provide potential insight for evaluation of alcoholic beverage quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3501-3510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140469307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goat milk-based infant formula regulates intestinal barrier function and promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids","authors":"Qingxue Chen ,&nbsp;Ting Cao ,&nbsp;Hongwei Tang ,&nbsp;Linyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Jinju Cheng ,&nbsp;Bailiang Li ,&nbsp;Song Wang","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250002","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infant formula (IF) based on cow milk and goat milk is a substitute food for infants who are underfed with human milk. In our previous study, we reported the composition and physicochemical stability of IF based on milk from cows and goats and a combination of both milks. Here, we investigated the effects of these 3 IFs on intestinal immunity and short-chain fatty acid production (SCFAs) using human microbiota-associated (HMA) mice and selected human milk as a positive control. The results showed that goat milk-based IF is associated with a functional immune advantage, due to the rise in the levels of immune-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10, decreased levels of intestinal permeability markers <em>D</em>-lactic acid and endotoxin, and increased mRNA levels of intestinal tight junction proteins <em>occludin</em> and <em>claudin</em>. In addition, the intestine of mice fed with goat milk-based IF contained 12.06 μmol/g acetate, 2.42 μmol/g propionate, and 1.72 μmol/g butyrate, which reached 69 %, 79 %, and 60 % of the levels in human milk, respectively. Our results indicate that goat milk-based IF improves intestinal immune function and promotes the production of intestinal SCFAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3150-3158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural identification and antioxidative activity evaluation of flaxseed lignan macromolecules: structure-activity correlation","authors":"Chen Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Yu ,&nbsp;Fenghong Huang ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Fang Geng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Xia ,&nbsp;Xia Xiang ,&nbsp;Shufang Xu ,&nbsp;Qianchun Deng","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250009","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flaxseed lignan macromolecules (FLM) are a class of important secondary metabolites in flaxseed, which have been widely concerned due to their biological and pharmacological properties, especially for their antioxidative activity. For the composition and structure of FLM, our results confirmed that ferulic acid glycoside (FerAG) was directly ester-linked with herbacetin diglucoside (HDG) or pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), which might determine the beginning of FLM biosynthesis. Additionally, <em>p</em>-coumaric acid glycoside (CouAG) might determine the end of chain extension during FLM synthesis in flaxseed. FLM exhibited higher antioxidative activity in polar systems, as shown by its superior 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity compared to the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ehtylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfnic acid) (ABTS) cation free radical scavenging capacity in non-polar systems. Moreover, the antioxidative activity of FLM was found to be highly dependent on its composition and structure. In particular, it was positively correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups (longer FLM chains) and inversely related to the steric hindrance at the ends (lower levels of FerAG and CouAG). These findings verified the potential application of FLM in non-polar systems, particularly in functional food emulsions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3224-3235"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research advances on encapsulation of probiotics with nanomaterials and their repair mechanisms on intestinal barriers","authors":"Xiaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Mengxi Yu ,&nbsp;Jianming Ye ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Jian ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Song ,&nbsp;Yan’e Luo ,&nbsp;Tianli Yue","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250246","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics participate in various physiological activities and contribute to body health. However, their viability and bioefficacy are adversely affected by gastrointestinal harsh conditions, such as gastric acid, bile salts and various enzymes. Fortunately, encapsulation based on various nanomaterials shows tremendous potential to protect probiotics. In this review, we introduced some novel encapsulation technologies involving nanomaterials in view of predesigned stability and viability, selective adhesion, smart release and colonization, and efficacy exertion of encapsulated probiotics. Furthermore, the interactions between encapsulated probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract were summarized and analyzed, with highlighting the regulatory mechanisms of encapsulated probiotics on intestinal mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, biological barrier and immune barrier. This review would benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries in preparation and utilization of multifunctional encapsulated probiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3095-3109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-liver axis mechanismf of increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty disease in female offspring rats with prenatal caffeine exposure","authors":"Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Lu ,&nbsp;Wen Hu ,&nbsp;Cong Zhang ,&nbsp;Kexin Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Tong ,&nbsp;Kaiqi Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250035","DOIUrl":"10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caffeine intake during pregnancy is common, while its effect on gut microbiota composition of offspring and the relationship with susceptibility to adult diseases remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm the effects of prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) on the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites in female offspring rats, and to further elucidate its underlying mechanism and intervention targets in adult non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). The results showed that the gut microbiota of PCE female offspring at multiple time points from infancy to adolescence were significantly changed with depletion of butyric acid-producing bacteria, leading to a decrease in butyric acid in adulthood. It was also found that PCE female offspring rats were sensitive to NAFLD induced by a postnatal high-fat diet (HFD), which is mainly related to the enhancement of hepatic triglyceride synthesis function. Through mechanism exploration, we found that HFD further reduced the fecal and serum butyric acid levels in the PCE female offspring, which was significantly negatively correlated with hepatic <em>SREBP-1c/FASN</em> mRNA expression and triglyceride level. <em>In vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments confirmed that sodium butyrate (NaB) supplementation could reduce hepatic lipid accumulation through MCT1/GPR109A-AMPK, thereby effectively decreasing the susceptibility to NAFLD in the PCE female offspring rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12406,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Human Wellness","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 3522-3535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140467978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}