Mingyi Tian , Chenlong Liu , Zhiyuan Ge , Wei Ji , Yimeng Zhang , Linlin Li , Hualin Wang
{"title":"Humidity-regulating antibacterial trilayer Janus membrane of polyacrylonitrile/gelatin-potato starch/polycaprolactone-cinnamon essential oil for cherry tomato preservation","authors":"Mingyi Tian , Chenlong Liu , Zhiyuan Ge , Wei Ji , Yimeng Zhang , Linlin Li , Hualin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibacterial packaging is widely used for food preservation by inhibiting microbial growth. However, elevated moisture can promote microbial spoilage, posing a challenge in creating packaging systems that combine bioactive properties with moisture regulation. Herein, a trilayer Janus membrane is developed using a layer-by-layer electrospinning technique for cherry tomato preservation, which comprises a superhydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) outer layer, a hygroscopic gelatin-potato starch (GA-PS) intermediate layer, and a bioactive hydrophobic polycaprolactone-cinnamon essential oil (PCL-CEO) layer. Its asymmetric wettability gradient and hierarchical structure facilitate efficient directional water transport (DWT), achieving a water evaporation rate of 0.41 g h<sup>−1</sup> and reducing the relative humidity (RH) within the package from 75 % to 40 % (with surrounding RH of 75 %) without external energy input. The controlled release of CEO through Fickian diffusion maintains strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities inside the package. Combining humidity regulation with bioactive properties, the PAN/GA-PS/PCL-CEO membrane can extend the shelf-life of cherry tomato from 6 days to 18 days at 25 °C compared to polyethylene plastic wrap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101706"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyun Xu , Cindy Gates Goodyer , Barbara F. Hales , Stéphane Bayen
{"title":"Global survey of bisphenol color developers in thermal food labels and a study of the role of food packaging materials in preventing color developer migration into food","authors":"Ziyun Xu , Cindy Gates Goodyer , Barbara F. Hales , Stéphane Bayen","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, 247 food thermal labels, collected from 15 countries across five continents in 2021–2023, were assessed for the occurrence of bisphenol and alternative color developers. Analysis with LC-qTOF-MS showed that BPS was the most frequently detected color developer, present in 48 % of the thermal labels. Some relatively new alternatives, such as NKK-1304 (15 %) and DBSP (11 %), were identified for the first time, indicating the growing use of new compounds in the food packaging industry. Despite regulatory restrictions in some countries on its usage, bisphenol A (BPA) was still detected in 2 % of the food thermal label samples from certain countries. 80 % of the thermal labels collected were appended to food packaging made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In a controlled food simulant (10–95 % ethanol, 10 days) experiment, approximately 63 % of BPS and 31 % of D-90 in the labels were able to migrate across PVC cling films. In contrast, polyethylene (PE) films and paper-based materials exhibited a significant barrier to both BPS and D-90 migration. These results highlight the diversity of color developers used in food thermal labels globally, the need for comprehensive risk assessments of novel color developers and the importance of choosing packaging materials that can act as barriers to their migration into food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An ultratough, stretchable and thermo-responsive hydrogel for dynamic information encryption-decryption and high-fidelity seafood freshness monitoring","authors":"Zhouwei Tan, Zhipeng Liang, Xiaowen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While food safety, including spoilage and adulteration, concerns millions, developing a system to address both challenges is challenging. We present a mechanically robust, thermally responsive hydrogel with dual modes for advanced information encryption and smart food freshness monitoring. Composed of a poly(acrylamide<em>-co-</em>2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) network and a calcium alginate network, the hydrogel exhibits impressive mechanical properties, including a breaking elongation of 1402 % and toughness of 249.8 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>, far surpassing existing hydrogel indicators which typically exhibit < 800 % strain and < 100 kJ/m<sup>3</sup> toughness. It also shows excellent fatigue, tearing resistance, and repeatable adhesiveness, withstanding 10 cycles of loading-unloading and achieving tearing energy of 1.12 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, outperforming current hydrogel indicators, exhibiting tearing energy of < 0.5 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>. The hydrogel features a tunable lower critical solution temperature from 31 °C to 43 °C by adjusting acrylamide content, enabling dynamic thermo-responsive opacity transitions. This property allows it to serve as an anti-counterfeiting platform where information can be hidden or revealed with temperature changes. By integrating the pH-sensitive dye curcumin, the hydrogel effectively monitors food freshness, with strong correlation to TVB-N levels (R² > 0.937), outperforming current polymer film indicators (R² < 0.70). This work introduces a superior hydrogel system that combines advanced anti-counterfeiting and intelligent packaging, enhancing supply chain integrity and consumer safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101694"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multifunctional chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol film enhanced with N-TiO2 and jaboticaba peel extract for shrimp freshness monitoring and banana preservation","authors":"Girma Sisay Wolde , Chih-Huang Weng , Ying-Chen Chen , Shang-Ming Huang , Jenn-Wen Huang , Chanat Chokejaroenrat , Dong-Hau Kuo , Yao-Tung Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional active and intelligent packaging film based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) reinforced with visible-light-responsive N-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (N-TiO<sub>2</sub>) and jaboticaba anthocyanins extract (JAE) is covered in this study. The composite film exhibited significant improvements in mechanical properties, achieving a tensile strength of 17.5 ± 0.25 MPa and an elongation at break of 22.5 ± 0.21 %. It demonstrated outstanding UV-blocking ability, reducing transmittance to < 1 % at wavelengths of < 400 nm. Antioxidant performance increased substantially, reaching about 90 % at a film dosage of 10 mg/mL. N-TiO<sub>2</sub> and JAE showed a synergistic effect on ethylene scavenging and bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, reducing the viability of <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> to 0.52 and 0.61 log CFU/mL, respectively, upon exposure to visible light. Shrimp freshness monitoring in practice showed effective deterioration indication within 36 h at 23 °C, which was correlated with changes in pH and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). Also, the film delays banana ripening, maintaining its freshness for a 10-day storage period. Biocompatibility was validated by cytotoxicity testing using NIH-3T3 cells, which showed viability above 80 % at all tested doses. These results establish the composite film CS/PVA/N-TiO<sub>2</sub>/JAE as a viable biodegradable option for applications in intelligent and active food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Babaeipour , Katariina Solin , Tuuli Virkkala , Paula Nousiainen , Monika Österberg , Julien Bras
{"title":"Biobased barrier dispersion coating from solvent shifting of functionalized lignin inside cellulose nanofibers aqueous suspensions","authors":"Sahar Babaeipour , Katariina Solin , Tuuli Virkkala , Paula Nousiainen , Monika Österberg , Julien Bras","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a simple one-pot approach to formulate barrier dispersions by combining nanoscaled cellulose and lignin, while harnessing the hydrophobizing effect of tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) modification. Using an <em>in situ</em> solvent-shifting method, unmodified lignin and TOFA-esterified lignin solutions were directly incorporated into aqueous microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspensions, enabling the <em>in situ</em> formation of stable lignin nanoparticles (LNPs and TOFA-LNPs) within the MFC matrix. Nanopapers prepared from TOFA-LNP:MFC dispersion with a ratio of 1:2 exhibited excellent barrier properties, with a water vapor transmission rate of 6 g/m²·day (50 % RH, 23 °C), an oil Cobb<sub>1800</sub> value of 0.3 g/m², and a water Cobb<sub>1800</sub> value of 12 g/m². The results demonstrate that TOFA modification of lignin and its incorporation within the MFC matrix as nanoparticles, facilitates the formation of dense, uniform films with strong resistance to moisture and oil. To gain a deeper understanding of the system, surface-sensitive quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze how the TOFA modification of lignin affected its physicochemical interactions within cellulose fibrils. Furthermore, humidity-controlled QCM-D measurements were used to analyze the effect of lignin-based nanoparticles on the water vapor adsorption behavior of MFC at different relative humidities providing new insights into their barrier performance, explored here for the first time. Finally, the successful application of dispersion coatings onto commercial fiber-based substrates demonstrates their industrial potential. This work introduces a versatile and scalable route to fully biobased coatings, advancing the transition toward circular and sustainable packaging solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101698"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dry-formed cellulose trays with biodegradable barrier coating for modified atmosphere packaging of chicken breast fillets","authors":"Agnete Jordhøy Lindstad, Marit Kvalvåg Pettersen, Kloce Dongfang Li, Anlaug Ådland Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose-based materials with bio-based, biodegradable coatings have received attention as alternatives to plastics for food packaging. However, such materials have not yet demonstrated suitability for challenging applications, such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of fresh meat. In this study, dry-formed cellulose trays were coated with a blend of poly(butylene-succinate) (PBS) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). They were then used for MAP of skinless chicken breast fillets in 60 %CO<sub>2</sub> and 40 %N<sub>2</sub>, sealed with conventional plastic. The quality of the chicken was assessed in terms of drip loss, microbiological, and sensory quality over 19 days of refrigerated storage. In addition, the gas transmission rate, compression resistance, deformation, weight, and odor of the trays were evaluated. Adhesion between coating and cellulose trays was sufficient, and seal integrity could be maintained throughout storage. The suitability of cellulose/PBS+PHBV trays was mainly limited by the high CO<sub>2</sub> transmission rate (CO<sub>2</sub>TR) and CO<sub>2</sub>TR/O<sub>2</sub> transmission rate (OTR) ratio, causing substantial drip loss and deformation of the packages. Despite a higher growth of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (like <em>Hafnia alvei</em>) in cellulose/PBS+PHBV-packaged chicken compared to that in PET, the intensities of negative odor attributes were not significantly higher for chicken in cellulose/PBS+PHBV. The cellulose-based trays were weakened by the humid conditions, but the PBS+PHBV coating maintained its functionality and protected the cellulose from being extensively affected by food contact. Dry-formed cellulose trays coated with PBS+PHBV demonstrated promising properties, indicating potential for MAP applications if barrier and sealing performance are optimized. Nevertheless, limitations in CO₂ barrier under humid conditions must be addressed in future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101709"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dixit Guleria , Dimitri Adons , Jaap den Doelder , Roos Peeters , Peter Ragaert
{"title":"Influence of uniaxial orientation on oxygen barrier properties of polyethylene films","authors":"Dixit Guleria , Dimitri Adons , Jaap den Doelder , Roos Peeters , Peter Ragaert","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition from traditional materials like glass and metal to plastic films in food packaging has been driven by the latter's flexibility, versatility, and lightweight nature. However, challenges related to the recycling of multi-layered, multi-material flexible packaging have emerged, prompting interest in mono-material solutions for improved recycling and sustainability. Polyethylene (PE), a widely used polymer in flexible packaging, offers various structural and functional properties but faces issues with high oxygen permeability. This study investigates the potential of uniaxial orientation or machine direction orientation (MDO) to enhance the oxygen barrier property of PE films. Oxygen barrier properties were evaluated for blown and MDO films of varying resin densities, with the results correlating structural changes during stretching with improved barrier performance at a certain resin and process parameters. The findings demonstrated that uniaxial orientation or MDO operation has the potential to enhance the oxygen barrier of PE films, depending on resin type and processing conditions, primarily through enhanced crystallinity and microstructural orientation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101711"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Wang , Xingwang Zhang , Zichang Liu , Huanhuan Liu , Xiangyan Chen , Qingxin Zhou , Leilei Chen
{"title":"Study on delaying browning of fresh-cut Agaricus bisporus under O2/CO2 pretreatment based on label-free proteomics analyses","authors":"Liang Wang , Xingwang Zhang , Zichang Liu , Huanhuan Liu , Xiangyan Chen , Qingxin Zhou , Leilei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> pretreatment (OCP) effectively delays fresh-cut <em>Agaricus bisporus's</em> browning. However, most studies focus on the physiology, while few studies are proteomics-based. This study used a proteomic approach to explore the effects of OCP on the browning of fresh-cut <em>A. bisporus</em> during storage. OCP significantly inhibited the browning by reducing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and maintained the integrity of cell walls by suppressing the cell wall degrading enzymes. Moreover, OCP reduced amino acid metabolism by downregulating key proteins, including glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), aspartate carbamoyltransferase (CAD), and tyrosinase (TYR). This downregulation promoted phenolic compound synthesis, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and suppressed tyrosine degradation, thereby inhibiting melanin formation. Meanwhile, it maintained the morphological structure of the cell wall by down-regulating the cell wall hydrolysis proteins like chitinase (E3.2.1.14), chitosanase (csn) and galactokinase (galK), which reduced the O<sub>2</sub> intake and inhibited the enzymatic browning. OCP also decreased carbohydrate metabolism, which inhibited the respiration rate. Moreover, OCP promotes energy metabolism by up-regulating the proteins like acetyl-CoA synthetase (acs), pyruvate dehydrogenase (ace), succinate dehydrogenase (frdA), 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGLS), ribose 5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), providing sufficient energy for inhibiting the browning of fresh-cut <em>A. bisporus</em>. In summary, this study might improve our understanding of delayed browning in <em>A. bisporus</em> slices by OCP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101704"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active packaging with dual-functional polylactic acid films: Synergistic enhancement of mechanical-thermal properties and antibacterial activity using cellulose nanocrystals and allyl isothiocyanate","authors":"Shan Jiang, Kailing Sun, Jiahao Xie, Sainan Guo, Jiarui Jin, Hang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed an antibacterial polylactic acid (PLA) composite film by incorporating modified cellulose nanocrystals (MNC) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) through a simple solution-casting approach. The resulting films showed improved thermal stability and increased water resistance, making them suitable for packaging applications. Notably, the MNC/PLA@AITC films displayed strong antioxidant activity, effectively neutralizing ABTS•<sup>+</sup> , while also demonstrating broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects against bacteria and biofilms. The film delayed the deterioration of texture and color in <em>Undaria pinnatifida</em> during storage, effectively extending its shelf life. Additionally, the utilization of waste seaweed for CNC extraction supported eco-friendly material development. This study successfully integrated performance enhancement (via MNC) and bioactive functionality (via AITC) into a biodegradable polymer matrix, providing a multifunctional solution for active food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101688"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya Chen , Zhixiong Yao , Shihai Chen , Zhengyang Wang , Ping Zhang , Hongmei Bai , Jie Zhu , Wenhui Yi
{"title":"Design of gelatin/chitosan photodynamic antibacterial food packaging composite film based on berberine complex","authors":"Ya Chen , Zhixiong Yao , Shihai Chen , Zhengyang Wang , Ping Zhang , Hongmei Bai , Jie Zhu , Wenhui Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance biodegradable packaging is imperative to mitigate the environmental burden of microplastic pollution and address food safety challenges posed by microbial spoilage. Although gelatin/chitosan (GC) films are inherently biocompatible and biodegradable, their application is limited by inadequate mechanical strength, insufficient ultraviolet (UV) barrier properties, and poor antimicrobial efficacy. To overcome these constraints, a stable berberine-palmitate complex (BP) was synthesized via ion exchange between berberine hydrochloride and sodium palmitate and uniformly integrated into the GC matrix. The resulting BP/GC composite films benefit from multiscale interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic forces, which collectively enhance their structural integrity and functionality. The optimized BP/GC films exhibit high optical transparency (> 80 % at 660 nm), improved mechanical strength, a low water vapor permeability (< 5 × 10⁻¹¹ g·m⁻¹·s⁻¹·Pa⁻¹), and effective UV-shielding. Crucially, BP imparts pronounced photodynamic inactivation (PDI) activity. While the films show inherent antibacterial activity in the dark, visible-light irradiation triggers substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to > 99.2 % inactivation of key foodborne pathogens (<em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>). In a practical food‑packaging scenario, the light‑activated BP/GC films demonstrated reliable suppression of bacterial growth, underscoring their potential to prolong food preservation. These results establish BP/GC films as a viable, multifunctional alternative to conventional plastics, with the inherent PDI activity offering a promising route to enhance food safety and reduce packaging waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101705"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}