Food Packaging and Shelf Life最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of different transport and distribution conditions on antimony migration from PET bottles to mineral water","authors":"Paulo Henrique Massaharu Kiyataka ,&nbsp;Tiago Bassani Hellmeister Dantas ,&nbsp;Aline Cristina Albino Brito ,&nbsp;Luís Marangoni Júnior ,&nbsp;Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigated the effects of temperature, storage time and vibration related to mineral water transport, on the migration of antimony (Sb) present in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Sb was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Different conditions were used, such as, storage time: 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days, temperature: 40, 50 and 60 °C and vibration: sinusoidal, random and no vibration. The concentrations of Sb in mineral water after 21 days of storage were lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ = 1.0 μg ℓ⁻¹) of the method at 40 °C for the three types of vibration. At 50 °C, Sb concentrations were between 1.72 μg ℓ⁻¹ and 1.96 μg ℓ⁻¹. Sb migration was greater after 21 days of contact at 60 °C, with values greater than 4.00 μg ℓ⁻¹. The main factors that affected the increase in Sb migration were temperature and storage time. The effects of sinusoidal and random vibration during the transport simulation did not affect the increase in Sb migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 101450"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ preparation of natamycin and trans-cinnamic acid loaded polycaprolactone/ethyl cellulose nanofibers on mangoes via handheld microfluidic-blow-spinning for freshness preservation","authors":"Xiaohong Guo ,&nbsp;Menglu Wu ,&nbsp;Shiguang Zou ,&nbsp;Xuequn Shi ,&nbsp;Saowapa Chaiwong ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Xian Li ,&nbsp;Kunsong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangoes are nutritious but perishable fruits. The in situ packaging of fruit surfaces with nanofibers is a promising study for fruit preservation. Polycaprolactone/ethyl cellulose (PCL/EC) nanofibrous films loaded with natamycin (Nata) and trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) (PCL/EC/Nt-p) were prepared in situ on the surface of mangoes using handheld microfluidic-blow-spinning (MBS) to enhance mango storage quality. The results show that the PCL/EC/Nt-p nanofibers had an average diameter of 321.82 ± 10.06 nm and displayed a smooth and uniform morphology. The lower Young’s modulus facilitated easy peeling of the nanofibrous films from the mangoes surface with less force before consumption. In addition, the PCL/EC/Nt-p nanofibrous film had an ideal hydrophobicity and water vapor transmission rate, which protected their structural integrity in high-humidity environments and also reduced water loss from the treated mangoes. Storage results show that the mangoes treated with PCL/EC/Nt-p nanofibrous films exhibited the smallest lesion diameter and a decay index 20 % lower than untreated mango. Moreover, after 9 days of storage, the decrease in SOD, CAT, POD, and APX antioxidant enzyme activities was delayed in the PCL/EC/Nt-p nanofibrous film treated mangoes, confirming the film’s ability to enhance antioxidant capacity and slow down metabolic processes. This study provides valuable insights to facilitate the research on in situ fruit preservation packaging, the widespread adoption of microfluidic-blow-spinning and the handheld spinning machine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 101448"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of active rice straw extracts on the properties and migration of PHBV films","authors":"Eva Moll,&nbsp;Pedro A.V. Freitas,&nbsp;Amparo Chiralt","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice straw extracts (RSE) were obtained by subcritical water extractions at 160 °C (RSE160) and 180 °C (RSE180). These extracts were analysed as to the main components, phenol content and formation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde (HMF). These were incorporated (6 % wt.) into PHBV films by melt blending and compression moulding. Films were characterised as to their physical properties, structural and thermal behaviour, and overall and specific migration of the phenols and HMF in different food simulants. Thermal processing of the films led to a partial degradation of the extracted sugars, producing micro-holes in the matrix and HMF formation. The RSE slightly reduced the polymer crystallinity, the film stretchability, fracture resistance, and barrier capacity to water vapour and limonene, but improved the oxygen barrier of the films and enhanced their UV light barrier due to the phenol content and antioxidant capacity. The PHBV migration did not reach the overall migration limit (10 mg/dm²) in any simulant while the specific migration of phenols and HMF depended on the food simulant and its concentrations in the films. The near total release of the phenols present in the films was achieved in less polar simulants, equivalent to 30–40 mg GAE/kg of packaged food, for RSE180 films. HMF was mainly released in acidic simulants and those containing ethanol, reaching a maximum value of 0.36 mg/kg, for RSE180 films in which more HMF was formed. This value was much lower than those HMF levels found in many commonly-consumed foods. Therefore, the materials can be considered safe for food packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 101454"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black goji anthocyanin-loaded emulsion film stabilized by rice protein hydrolysate complexes as pH-sensitive indicator for salmon freshness","authors":"Wei Dai ,&nbsp;Ping Yin ,&nbsp;Qinlu Lin ,&nbsp;Ming Tian ,&nbsp;Ming Wu ,&nbsp;Jian Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2024.101419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2024.101419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aims to develop all-natural smart packaging films stabilized by complexes of rice protein hydrolysate, chitosan hydrochloride and black goji anthocyanin for effective monitoring of salmon freshness. The tertiary complexes were formed as driven by electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions upon facile pH variation, enabling the incorporation of soybean oil and the formation of emulsion films with considerable mechanical properties. Complexes formed at pH 5.0 in combination with 6 % soybean oil addition resulted in emulsion films with significantly lowered tensile strength from 12.1 to 3.9 MPa and improved extensibility of to 43.2 % from 23.1 % based on textural analysis, displaying high contact angle (&gt;70°) to inhibit water vapor permeation. According to confocal laser scanning microscopy, the stabilization of emulsion film was predominated by trapping oil droplets within solid network formed by complexes, sterically hindering droplet coalescence and destabilization. Such emulsion film displayed high atmospheric pH sensitivity, allowing efficient response to production of volatile basic nitrogen substance (R²=0.97) during post-mortem storage of salmon fish. This study opens up the possibility of using edible ingredients in creating smart pH-indicating emulsion films, which allows to monitor food freshness and safety, enhancing quality control and providing consumer convenience in future food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and properties of bacterial cellulose/chitosan microgel films loaded with ε-polylysine and its application on Tilapia preservation","authors":"Xiaoli Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenying Liao ,&nbsp;Tianyu Sun ,&nbsp;Anqi Feng ,&nbsp;Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Rea Mae C. Templonuevo","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive application of non-biodegradable plastics has engendered substantial environmental predicaments. Consequently, it is feasible to develop natural bio-based composite packaging materials endowed with extraordinary functional properties by integrating biopolymers with diverse characteristics. Hence, we propose an environmentally friendly and efficient methodology for fabricating antibacterial and biodegradable composite microgel films by employing bacterial cellulose (BC) and chitosan (CS) as the composite matrix, sodium tetraborate as the crosslinking agent, and ε-polylysine (PL) as the active substance. We investigated the impact of CS with molecular weights (Mw) of 50 kDa and 300 kDa on the properties of the composite microgel films (PL-m-BC/CS_n) and composite blend films (PL/BC/CS_n). The films were analyzed via FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. The results indicated the formation of a cross-linked network structure within the microgels, along with strong hydrogen bonding interactions between the film matrices. This entailed a decrease in the amorphous structure of the microgel films and an enhancement in thermal stability. Particularly, the PL-m-BC/CS₃₀ film, with CS having a Mw of 300 kDa, exhibited optimal mechanical and barrier properties, with a tensile strength of 34.69 MPa and an elongation at break of 76.69 %. Additionally, this film significantly extended the shelf life of chilled tilapia fillets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101433"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of physicochemical quality, specific aromatic characteristic, and volatile organic compound profile of fresh-cut coriander leaves under different super-atmospheric oxygen modified atmosphere packaging conditions","authors":"Chun-yu Ni,&nbsp;Xing-lu Sun,&nbsp;Hui-na Dong,&nbsp;Cong-cong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physicochemical quality and aromatic profile of fresh-cut coriander leaves (<strong>FCCLs</strong>) under sole super-atmospheric O₂ (<strong>SSO,</strong> 40 % O₂, 60 % O₂, 80 % O₂, and 100 % O₂) and SSO coupled super-atmospheric CO₂ (<strong>SOSC,</strong> 40 % O₂ + 5 % CO₂, 60 % O₂ + 5 % CO₂, and 80 % O₂ + 5 % CO₂) packaging conditions were systematically evaluated during 28-day refrigeration. Results indicated that in consideration of maintaining a comprehensive quality of FCCLs, the 80 % O₂ SSO condition was recommended. It effectively preserved the appearance, antioxidant capacity, and desirable coriander-like, green grass, and sweet aromatic attributes, while dramatically retarded weight loss and increases of a* , ΔE, browning degree, malondialdehyde, and relative electrolytic leakage in FCCLs. Collectively, FCCL shelf life was extended to 21 days. A total of 63 volatiles were identified in the FCCLs via headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (<strong>HS-GC-IMS</strong>). The alcohols and aldehydes were the predominant compounds in the control (raw) sample. After 21-day storage, both species and levels of main alcohols were decreased, whereas those of aldehydes, ketones, and esters were enriched to varying degree. The largest maintenance of alcohols (pent-1-en-3-ol, (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 2-methylbutan-1-ol), 3-pentanone, and (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate, elevated levels of aldehydes (hexanal, butanal, benzene acetaldehyde, and heptanal) and esters (benzyl acetate and isoamyl butyrate), and delayed substantial increases in other ketones and esters mainly contributed to the maximal preservation of acceptable aroma attributes in the 80 % O₂ group. The findings could provide theoretical and technological assistance for improving the storage quality and specific aromatic characteristics of FCCLs via super-atmospheric O₂ packaging technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101438"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of degradable modified atmosphere films by blending polybutylene glycol 2,5-furandicarboxylate - polytetrahydrofurandiol polyether esters with poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) and its application in strawberry preservation","authors":"Li Liu,&nbsp;Can He,&nbsp;Liang Zhu,&nbsp;Zhonghao Zhu,&nbsp;Kaijun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A block polyether esters (PBTF) with excellent toughness was synthesized in this study by polybutylene glycol 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PBF) as the hard segment and polytetrahydrofurandiol (PHTF) as the soft segment. The degradable and modified atmosphere films were developed by blending PBTF with poly (butyleneadipate-co- terephthalate) (PBAT). PBTF/PBAT film containing 3 % PBTF demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties and gas permeability. The tensile strength was increased by 17.21 % and the degradation properties of the film were improved. The CO₂/O₂ gas separation coefficient was found to be as high as 13.99 and the water vapour permeability was reduced to 3.54 × 10⁻¹³ g·cm/(cm²·s·Pa), a reduction of 22.75 %. These properties contributed to maintaining a favorable atmosphere inside the package (2.6 %-3.5 % CO₂ and 15.6 %-16.7 % O₂) and inhibited microbial growth and nutrient loss, extending the shelf life of strawberries to 18 days (8 ℃). This degradable PBTF/PBAT modified atmosphere film has significant potential for use in fruit and vegetable packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101446"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of carbon quantum dots doped with various heteroatoms and their influence on inhibiting the browning of fresh-cut potatoes","authors":"Yefei Gu ,&nbsp;Xinhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Zhang,&nbsp;Jin Shang,&nbsp;Meng Lv,&nbsp;Xiaoan Li,&nbsp;Fujun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to explore how various heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) influence the browning of fruits and vegetables. Five different CQDs were synthesized with the heteroatom nitrogen, selenium, calcium, potassium, and boron, respectively. Their structures were separately characterized using transmission electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, their in vitro antioxidant capacities were assessed, and the heteroatom-doped CQDs that exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacities was used to determine the optimal concentrations for preventing browning in freshly cut potatoes. The findings revealed that calcium-doped CQDs (Ca-CQDs) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity in vitro. At a concentration of 1.00 mg/mL, Ca-CQDs significantly inhibited the activities of potato polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and tyrosinase, lowered malondialdehyde levels, and enhanced the activity of phenylalanine dismutase, total phenol content, and free radical scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), effectively reducing browning in potatoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the replacement of polyethylene with waste from orange juicing on the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of packaged bread","authors":"Haile Tesfaye Duguma ,&nbsp;Jack Fehlberg ,&nbsp;Peter Macke ,&nbsp;Laurent M. Matuana ,&nbsp;Sungeun Cho ,&nbsp;Eva Almenar","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2024.101417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2024.101417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the impact of the partial substitution of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with orange peel powder (OPP) on packaged bread's physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory quality. Pouches made of low-density polyethylene, LLDPE, and LLDPE/OPP differing in OPP loadings (5, 10 &amp; 11.5 wt%) were used as control, blank, and treatments, respectively. The quality of the packaged bread was assessed by determining its weight loss, firmness, hue angle, lightness, and fungal growth during 11 days at 23ºC and 50 % RH and performing two similarity triangle tests. Consumers’ acceptability of the novel packaging was determined using an acceptance test. The results show no significant differences between packaging with and without OPP in bread firmness, fungal growth, hue angle, lightness, and sensory attributes. A slight difference in bread weight loss (&lt;1 %) was observed between the LLPDE/OPP packages and the control at the end of storage. Bread’s weight loss and firmness increased, hue angle increased and then decreased, and lightness decreased during storage (p &lt; 0.05) regardless of the packaging type. The consumer acceptance test showed no significant differences between the LLDPE/OPP-5 % and LLDPE/OPP-11.5 % pouches in liking of all sensory properties (e.g., appearance, color, smell) except transparency. This study demonstrates that storage time has a stronger weight on sliced bread shelf life than the replacement of up to 11.5 % plastic with waste from orange juicing. Furthermore, this study shows that OPP can be used as a plastic filler for food packages based on the similar performance of packaging containing OPP and commercial packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101417"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of a pH-responsive smart film based on soy lipophilic protein/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose for salmon freshness monitoring and packaging","authors":"Yuanda Sun ,&nbsp;Yi Ma ,&nbsp;Yingmeng Hou ,&nbsp;Shiyu Jia ,&nbsp;Shasha Cheng ,&nbsp;Wentao Su ,&nbsp;Mingqian Tan ,&nbsp;Beiwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Haitao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spoilage of aquatic products can lead to social problems such as environmental problems and health problems, and timely preparation of smart active packaging that can maintain and detect the freshness of aquatic products is crucial in the food field. For the first time, we developed a bilayer active packaging with soy lipophilic protein-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (LP-HPMC) as the main film matrix and nanoemulsion (NE) prepared by LP (thyme essential oil and shikonin (SKN) as the oil phase) as the functional layer. The results have proven that adding NE enhances the water-blocking performance, thermal stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the LP-HPMC film. In addition, SKN and thyme essential oil had synergistic antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Compared with simply adding SKN, the NE film showed excellent indicating stability for pH and ammonia. When applied to salmon, the bilayer film had a better antimicrobial effect than the single-layer film due to its unidirectional release, which reduced microbial growth more effectively and monitored the freshness of the salmon through the discoloration effect. The color change process of the bilayer film attached to salmon of different freshness was recorded, and deep machine learning was performed using the VGG-16 model to quickly identify the \"fresh\" and \"spoiled\" salmon. This kind of multi-functional active packaging prepared based on pure natural substances has excellent prospects for preserving the freshness of aquatic products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101436"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}