Frontiers in Earth Science最新文献

{"title":"Integrated approach-based groundwater mapping in sohag governorate, upper Egypt, using remote sensing and aeromagnetic data","authors":"Hussein T. El-Badrawy, Abbas M. Abbas, Usama Massoud, Tamer Abu-Alam, Hamed A. Alrefaee, Saif M. Abo Khashaba, Mostafa Nagy","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1456055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1456055","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionGroundwater demand has been considerably heightened due to rapid urban growth, specifically in arid areas that rely primarily on groundwater. This study aims to utilize remote sensing and aeromagnetic data, combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based GIS, to evaluate potential groundwater zones in the Sohag area, Egypt.MethodsNine thematic layers, including soil moisture, rainfall, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), drainage density, lineament density, slope, and land use/land cover, were developed using various remote sensing datasets. Besides the remote sensing-derived thematic layers, a geophysics-derived thematic layer represented by the RTP aeromagnetic map was included. The aeromagnetic data were analyzed and interpreted to outline the subsurface structure affecting groundwater storage and flow. Also, the aeromagnetic data analysis helps estimate the basement depth that constitutes the Nubian Aquifer’s base and identifies regions with considerable thick sedimentary deposits and significant water reserves.Results and discussionThe groundwater potentiality map was consistent with production wells in the area, and sites for drilling new wells were predicted, especially in the Nile Valley around the Tahta, El-Hamimia, and west Sohag cities. The most promising sites are clustered along the Nile Valley, and the study area’s northwestern and northeastern parts. The results indicate that the predominant magnetic structural trends are NW-SE, NE-SW, N-S, and E-W, which contribute to the formation of a series of subsurface horsts (H) and grabens (G). Three main basins (A, B, and C) were identified as the most profound areas. These basins represent the most promising areas for groundwater accumulation, making them attractive for future hydrogeological exploration. This integrated approach strongly offers a powerful and effective tool to assist in developing an appropriate plan to manage groundwater in arid regions.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barium cycling in the Gulf of Aqaba","authors":"Kimberley K. Mayfield, Tristan J. Horner, Adi Torfstein, Maureen E. Auro, Peter W. Crockford, Adina Paytan","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1178487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1178487","url":null,"abstract":"The isotopic composition of barium (δ<jats:sup>138</jats:sup>Ba) has emerged as a powerful tracer of deep-ocean circulation, water mass provenance, and the oceanic Ba cycle. Although the δ<jats:sup>138</jats:sup>Ba of water masses is primarily controlled by the balance between pelagic barite precipitation and Ba resupply from ocean circulation, questions remain regarding the isotopic offset associated with pelagic barite formation and how the resultant Ba isotope compositions are transmitted through the water column to marine sediments. To address these questions, we conducted a time series study of dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary Ba chemistry in the Gulf of Aqaba (GOA), in the northern Red Sea, from January 2015 to April 2016. These data span significant seasonal changes in hydrography, primary productivity, and aerosol deposition, revealing three principal findings. First, the dissolved Ba chemistry of the GOA is vertically uniform across the time series, largely reflecting water mass advection from the Red Sea, with mean dissolved Ba concentrations of 47.9 ± 4.7 nmol kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and mean δ<jats:sup>138</jats:sup>Ba = +0.55‰ ± 0.07‰ (±2 SD, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 18). Second, despite significant variations in particulate matter composition and flux, the δ<jats:sup>138</jats:sup>Ba of sinking particulate Ba maintained a consistent isotope composition across different depths and over time at +0.09‰ ± 0.06‰ (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 26). Consequently, these data imply a consistent Ba isotope offset of −0.46‰ ± 0.10‰ (±2 SD) between sinking particulates and seawater. This offset is similar to those determined in previous studies and indicates that it applies to particulates formed across diverse environmental conditions. Third, barite-containing sediment samples deposited in the GOA exhibit δ<jats:sup>138</jats:sup>Ba = +0.34‰ ± 0.03‰, which is offset by approximately +0.2‰ relative to sinking particles. While the specific mechanism driving this offset remains unresolved, our results highlight the importance of performing site-specific proxy validations and exercising careful site selection when applying novel paleoceanographic proxies.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of stress state based on coupling characteristics of load/unload response ratio and outgoing longwave radiation before large earthquakes","authors":"Yu Lei, Li Jianyong, Yu Chen, Zhang Haizhen, Hong Dequan, Ma Weiyu","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1433395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1433395","url":null,"abstract":"The Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) is a seismic prediction method based on the dynamic evolution of the stress-strain relationship of rocks. By adopting Benioff strain as the response indicator, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the LURR anomalies within 400 km of the epicenter and its surrounding areas before the <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>s7.4 earthquake in Madoi, Qinghai Province, on 22 May 2021. The analysis revealed that the LURR value peaked 1 month before the earthquake and then declined within half a month, indicating that the rock medium in the seismic gestation area was approaching the end of its yielding phase. Further investigation using the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite was conducted to study the short-term and imminent anomalous evolution of ground longwave radiation values after the high values declined (from May 14 to 25). The results showed that, spatially, significant and continuous OLR anomalies were observed only in the northern area of the epicenter before the earthquake, and these anomalies exhibited a trend of expanding towards the epicenter. Temporally, the entire anomalous evolution process can be divided into six phases: initial warming, anomaly expansion, peak intensity, anomaly weakening, earthquake occurrence, and anomaly disappearance. To validate this finding, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of LURR and OLR within 300 km of the epicenter and its surrounding areas before the <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>s6.4 earthquake in Yangbi, Yunnan Province, on 21 May 2021, were analyzed, and similar patterns were found. These results suggest that the high LURR value before its decline may mark the end of the rock medium’s yielding phase, and OLR data can reflect, to some extent, the state of tectonic stress accumulation along active faults in a critical condition. A comprehensive study of the anomalous evolution characteristics of these two physical parameters before the earthquake is not only conducive to the continuity from long-term to short-term forecasts but also of great significance for more accurately assessing the trend of seismic activity.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An engineering rock mass quality classification system for deep-buried hard rock tunnels","authors":"Zhijue Wu, Longliang Wu, Tao Lin, Wen-Jing Niu","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1453912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1453912","url":null,"abstract":"Rockburst hazards occur sporadically after excavation of deep-buried hard rock tunnel. These failures in the surrounding rock masses are primarily induced by high ground stress, rendering conventional rock mass quality classification systems less applicable. This study discusses the limitations of existing rock mass quality classification systems when applied to deep-buried hard rock tunnels. A rockburst intensity tendency index, quantified through microseismic (MS) monitoring, is introduced and integrated into the RMR system, resulting in the development of an engineering rock mass quality classification system for deep-buried hard rock tunnels (DHRT-RMR). The development process involves: (i) selecting input parameters, including the rockburst intensity tendency index, and defining their weightings using the AHP; and (ii) establishing the DHRT-RMR system based on the principles of the RMR system. The rockburst intensity tendency index, DHRT-RMR system, and RMR system are then applied to two test sites selected from a tunnel in southwest China. Results indicate that the standalone use of RMR or the rockburst intensity tendency index is limited in engineering rock mass classification for deep-buried hard rock tunnels. However, the DHRT-RMR system can accurately assesses rock mass qualities in such tunnels.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas-bearing evaluation of deep coal rock in the Yan’an gas field of the Ordos Basin","authors":"Yongping Wan, Zhenchuan Wang, Dengping Hu, Ye Wang, Mengxia Huo, Xiaoyan Mu, Shuangbiao Han","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1438834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1438834","url":null,"abstract":"The Yan’an gas field in the Ordos Basin is a typical deep coalbed methane field with tremendous resource potential. Evaluation methods for gas content in deep coal seams are urgently required to be established. This study is aimed at quantitatively analyzing the gas content of coalbed methane in deep coalbed methane reservoirs and revealing its influencing factors. With the coal rock samples of typical deep coalbed methane wells in the Yan’an gas field of the Ordos Basin as the research objects, the gas-bearing characteristics of deep coal rocks were analyzed, and the main controlling factors of gas-bearing properties were explored. The research results indicate that (1) the deep coal seams in the Yan’an gas field have a considerable thickness, a high total organic carbon content, and the potential of pyrolysis hydrocarbon generation is generally elevated, presenting excellent hydrocarbon generation potential. (2) Various types of pores and fractures in the deep coal rocks of the Yan’an gas field are well-developed, providing a favorable preservation space and migration channel for deep coalbed methane. (3) The total gas content of on-site analysis of deep coalbed methane in the Yan’an gas field is relatively high, mainly existing in the form of free gas, and has significant exploration and development potential. (4) The gas content of deep coal rocks in the Yan’an gas field is jointly controlled by multiple factors such as the total organic carbon content, minerals, and pore structure. In conclusion, the deep coal seams in the Yan’an gas field have favorable reservoir-forming conditions and great exploration and development potential.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical stability assessment of a mining slope using the synthetic rock mass modeling approach and strength reduction technique","authors":"Lin Teng, Yuanyuan He, Yan Wang, Changze Sun, Jianhua Yan","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1438277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1438277","url":null,"abstract":"Structurally controlled slope failure in open-pit mining occurs when the shear stress acting on the geological structure exceeds its shear strength. Mining slope stability is an extremely important topic from the ramifications of safety, social, economic, environmental and regulatory factors. This study reports the engineering geological setting of a bedded mining slope in China, and evaluates its stability via a numerical approach. First, a slope profile model is constructed using a synthetic rock mass (SRM) modeling approach. More specifically, the mechanical behavior of colluvium, intact rock and discontinuities are represented by linear contact model, bonded particle model and smooth joint model, respectively. Then, the factor of safety (FOS) and instability process are investigated by integrating the discrete fracture network (DFN)-distinct element method (DEM) and strength reduction technique (SRT). In addition, shear stress analyses of colluvium and bedrock are conducted for revealing the potential failure mechanism. Finally, the well-established limit equilibrium (LEM) and finite element method (FEM) are adopted for simulation results comparison and validation.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | Ore genesis of the Chazangcuo Cu-Pb-Zn deposit in Tibet: Evidence from mineralogy, fluid inclusions, S-Pb isotopes, and elemental geochemistry","authors":"Yan Li, Jianguo Wang, Zezhang Yu, Shengyun Wei, Haidong Ren, Ming Ma, Zhinan Wang, Jian Hu","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1420043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1420043","url":null,"abstract":"The Chazangcuo copper-lead-zinc deposit (hereafter referred to as the Chazangcuo deposit) is situated in the northern portion of the western section of the Gangdese polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet, with ore bodies strictly governed by Linzizong Group magmatic rocks and EW-trending faults. This study aims to ascertain the mineralization periods, sources of ore-forming materials, metallogenic physicochemical conditions, and genesis of this deposit. Based on comprehensive field geological surveys, sampling, and microscopic examination of petrological and mineralogical characteristics, we perform qualitative and quantitative geochemical analyses of major elements, trace elements, and rare earth elements (REEs), fluid inclusions, and sulfur and lead isotopes. The findings reveal that the mineralization process of the Chazangcuo deposit can be divided into three periods and four stages: the magmatic-hydrothermal, hydrothermal, and supergene mineralization periods sequentially, which consist of the mineralization stages of quartz-pyrite-sphalerite, medium-low-temperature hydrothermal sulfides, chlorite-carbonate minerals, and supergene oxidation in a chronological order. The ore-forming fluids prove to be medium-low-temperature low-density fluids, and the ore-forming materials are characteristic of upper crustal-derived materials. The ore-forming environment is a medium-low mineralization temperature, a shallow and weakly reducing environment. Overall, the Chazangcuo deposit is identified as a medium-low-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. The metallogenic model has the vertical zoning characteristics of lead-zinc in the upper part and copper in the lower part.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate decision making: influence of prevailing social norms and probability of climate change","authors":"Gitanshu Choudhary, Danish Sihag, Varun Dutt","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1397857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1397857","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe global rise in climatic calamities necessitates effective strategies for understanding and addressing Earth’s climate complexities. Although recent research underscores simulation tools’ effectiveness in elucidating complex concepts related to Earth’s climate, partner influence on climatic decisions within simulation studies has been overlooked.MethodsEmploying the Partner Interactive Climate Change Simulator (P-ICCS), we examined 180 participants across varied conditions. The study manipulated partner nature (optimal, irrational, or none) and climate change probability (high or low) to observe effects on participants’ responses (mitigation or adaptation) within P-ICCS.ResultsResults revealed a significant impact of partner presence, with the optimal partner notably enhancing monetary investments against climate change compared to the irrational partner. Intriguingly, climate change probability did not sway participants’ investment behavior.DiscussionThe findings emphasize the pivotal role of partner influence in climate decision-making, offering insights for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing identification of shallow landslide based on improved otsu algorithm and multi feature threshold","authors":"Jing Ren, Jiakun Wang, Rui Chen, Hong Li, Dongli Xu, Lihua Yan, Jingyuan Song","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1473904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1473904","url":null,"abstract":"In low-resolution remote sensing images under complex lighting conditions, there is a similarity in spectral characteristics between non-landslide areas and landslide bodies, which increases the probability of misjudgment in the identification process of shallow landslide bodies. In order to further improve the accuracy of landslide identification, a shallow landslide remote sensing identification method based on an improved Otsu algorithm and multi-feature threshold is proposed for the temporary treatment project of the Yangjunba disaster site in Leshan City. Using Retinex theory, remote sensing images are enhanced with local linear models and guided filtering; then, multi-feature scales and sliding window calculations of opening and closing transformations identify potential landslide areas, which are finally segmented using the Otsu algorithm. Through experimental verification, the method proposed in this article can clearly segment the target object and background after binary segmentation of remote sensing images. The recognition rate of shallow landslide bodies is not less than 95%, indicating that the method proposed in this article is relatively accurate in identifying shallow landslide bodies in the research area and has good application effects.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers | A semi-automatic interpretation method for utilizing InSAR results to recognize active landslides considering causative factors","authors":"Weiming Liao, Pengyuan Liu, Yanfei Kang, Lichuan Chen, Manqian Liu, Minyan Liao","doi":"10.3389/feart.2024.1482940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1482940","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), which can map subtle ground displacement over large areas, has been widely utilized to recognize active landslides. Nevertheless, due to various origins of subtle ground displacement, their presence on slopes may not always reflect the occurrence of active landslides. Therefore, interpretation of exact landslide-correlated deformation from InSAR results can be very challenging, especially in mountainous areas, where natural phenomenon like soil creep, anthropogenic activities and erroneous deformational signals accumulated during InSAR processing can easily lead to misinterpretation. In this paper, a two-phase interpretation method applicable to regional-scale active landslide recognition utilizing InSAR results is presented. The first phase utilizes statistical threshold and clustering analysis to detect unstable regions mapped by InSAR. The second phase introduces landslide susceptibility combined with empirical rainfall threshold, which are considered as causative factors for active landslides triggered by rainfall, to screen unstable regions indicative of active landslides. A case study validated by field survey indicates that the proposed interpretation method, when compared to a baseline model reported in the literature, can achieve better interpretation accuracy and miss rate.","PeriodicalId":12359,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}