Forensic Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage in methanol toxicity patients during COVID-19 pandemic: case report and review of literature.","authors":"Hosein Safari, Reza Ajudani, Mohsen Savaie, Armin Jahangiri Babadi, Pooyan Alizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s11419-023-00680-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-023-00680-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to examine the clinical and imaging manifestations of methanol toxicity during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to review existing studies on this topic. The most common cause of methanol intoxication is methanol-adulterated liquor. The primary metabolite of methanol, formic acid, is responsible for pathological changes. Symptoms typically present within 6-24 h of consumption and can include visual disturbances, acute neurological symptoms, and gastrointestinal issues. During the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic, methanol poisoning cases increased significantly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, We present six different patients with methanol intoxication and their clinical and imaging features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the literature review, the most common clinical presentation was loss of consciousness and obtundation and the other was vision loss. CT scan findings showed bilateral putaminal necrosis and hemorrhage in 55% of methanol toxicity patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methanol intoxication, causing bilateral putaminal involvement and a 50% mortality rate in intracerebral hemorrhage patients, warrants urgent toxicological analysis due to potential putaminal hemorrhage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"242-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139706501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological effects and thermal degradation of NPB-22, a synthetic cannabinoid.","authors":"Akihiro Takeda, Takahiro Doi, Akiko Asada, Katsuhiro Yuzawa, Akemichi Nagasawa, Kai Igarashi, Tomokazu Maeno, Atsuko Suzuki, Seiko Shimizu, Nozomi Uemura, Jun'ichi Nakajima, Toshinari Suzuki, Akiko Inomata, Takaomi Tagami","doi":"10.1007/s11419-023-00679-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-023-00679-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>NPB-22 (quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate), Adamantyl-THPINACA (N-(1-adamantantyl)-1-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide), and CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA (1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide), synthetic cannabinoids were evaluated in terms of CB₁ (cannabinoid receptor type 1) and CB₂ (cannabinoid receptor type 2) activities, and their biological effects when inhaled similar to cigarettes were examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The half maximal effective concentration values of the aforementioned synthetic cannabinoids at the CB₁ and CB₂ were investigated using [³⁵S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate binding assays. In addition, their biological effects were evaluated using the inhalation exposure test with mice. The smoke generated was recovered by organic solvents in the midget impingers, and the thermal degradation compounds of the smoke components were identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPB-22 and Adamantyl-THPINACA had equivalent CB₁ activity in in vitro assays. Meanwhile, NPB-22 had a weaker biological effect on some items on the inhalation exposure test than Adamantyl-THPINACA. When analyzing organic solvents in the midget impingers, it was revealed that NPB-22 was degraded to 8-quinolinol and pentyl indazole 3-carboxylic acid by combustion. In addition, these degradation compounds did not have CB₁ activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was estimated that the biological effects of NPB-22 on the inhalation exposure test weakened because it underwent thermal degradation by combustion, and the resultant degradation compounds did not have any CB₁ activity in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139641985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid screening of riot control agents using DART-TD-HRMS.","authors":"Lina Mörén, Anders Östin, Andreas Larsson, Julia Forsberg, Daniel Wiktelius, Pernilla Lindén","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00681-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-024-00681-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Riot Control Agents (RCAs) are chemicals used in law enforcement for non-lethal riot control and use in conflicts between states that violates the Chemical Weapons Convention. OPCW's Scientific Advisory Board has identified sixteen potential RCAs including capsaicinoids, CS, and CR. RCAs may be misused for criminal purposes, so methods for detecting such misuse are needed. This study therefore evaluates the feasibility of a rapid, high throughput screening method of RCAs on surfaces (particularly clothing surfaces) by Direct Analysis in Real Time with a thermal desorption unit coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-TD-HRMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A broadly applicable method for detecting potential RCAs was developed and tested on cotton fabric samples sprayed with self-defence sprays from an in-house reference stock. The feasibility of detecting RCAs by direct analysis of surface wipe samples placed in the DART source was also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method detected all sixteen RCAs and contaminated clothing were successfully screened for active agents in a reference collection of self-defence sprays. A pilot study also showed that RCAs can be detected by holding a sample directly in front of the DART source.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DART-TD-HRMS enables rapid and simple screening of RCAs on fabric samples enabling a high sample throughput.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"152-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a simple screening method for analyzing cereulide toxin in fried rice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"Hiroshi Koike, Maki Kanda, Chie Monma, Souichi Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Hayashi, Yoko Matsushima, Yumi Ohba, Momoka Hayashi, Natsumi Furuta, Wakaba Okada, Chieko Nagano, Keiko Yokoyama, Tomoko Yokoyama, Takeo Sasamoto","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00683-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-024-00683-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The presence of cereulide, an emetic toxin produced by Bacillus cereus, in fried rice samples is critical evidence of food poisoning even in situations where B. cereus could not be detected. This study aims to develop a screening method for analyzing cereulide in fried rice using the QuEChERS procedure and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cereulide was identified and quantified in fried rice samples using the QuEChERS extraction method and LC-MS/MS. The accuracies of the methods were determined by analyzing fortified blank samples at two concentrations (10 and 50 µg/kg) conducted on three samples daily for five days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The QuEChERS procedure removed matrix compounds from fried rice. Characteristic MS/MS spectra enabled the identification of cereulide. As the matrix effects in seven fried rice samples were within ± 6%, an external solvent calibration curve could be used for quantification. This method exhibited good accuracy ranging from 88 to 89%. The relative standard deviations for both repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility were < 4%. These standard deviations satisfied the criteria of the Japanese validation guidelines for residues (MHLW 2010, Director Notice, Syoku-An No. 1224-1). The limit of quantification was 2 μg/kg. The applicability of this method was confirmed using the analysis of cereulide in fried rice samples incubated with emetic Bacillus cereus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The QuEChERS extraction procedure described herein showed substantial promise as a reliable screening tool for cereulide in fried rice sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and long-term stability of synthetic cathinones and dihydro-metabolites in human urine samples.","authors":"Abdulaziz A Aldubayyan, Erika Castrignanò, Simon Elliott, Vincenzo Abbate","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00684-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-024-00684-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Synthetic cathinones constitute the second largest group of new psychoactive substances, which are often used for recreational purposes and reported in toxicological analysis. Various factors may influence the stability of synthetic cathinones between sampling and analysis, and therefore, stability studies are required to determine the best storage conditions as well as extend the period of detection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved sixteen synthetic cathinones and ten dihydro-metabolites spiked in human urine to evaluate the stability under common storage conditions to imitate real forensic toxicology samples. The samples were stored at either room temperature (22-23 °C) for up to 3 days, refrigerated (4 °C) for up to 14 days or frozen (-40 °C) for up to 12 months, and analyzed in triplicate using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analytes' concentrations decreased over time, although slower when stored frozen. All analytes remained stable (> 80%) for 1 month when stored frozen before losses in content were more apparent for some compounds, depending on their chemical structure. Under all storage conditions, the highest instability was observed for analytes containing halogens (i.e., chlorine or fluorine). Thus, halogenated analytes were further investigated by using liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry to attempt identifying degradation products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Irrespective of parent analytes, dihydro-metabolites had improved stability at each tested temperature, which highlights their importance as appropriate urine biomarkers when retesting is required after a long period of storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the cyanide metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, be used for forensic verification of cyanide poisoning?","authors":"Abdullah H Alluhayb, Carter Severance, Tara Hendry-Hofer, Vikhyat S Bebarta, Brian A Logue","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00690-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-024-00690-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Forensic verification of cyanide (CN) poisoning by direct CN analysis in postmortem blood is challenging due to instability of CN in biological samples. CN metabolites, thiocyanate (SCN^-) and 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), have been proposed as more stable biomarkers, yet it is unclear if either is appropriate for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of CN biomarkers in postmortem swine and postmortem blood to determine which serves as the best biomarker of CN exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CN, SCN^-, and ATCA were measured in postmortem swine (N = 8) stored at 4 °C and postmortem blood stored at 25 °C (room temperature, RT) and 37 °C (typical human body temperature, HBT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following CN poisoning, the concentration of each CN biomarker increased well above the baseline. In postmortem swine, CN concentrations declined rapidly (t_1/2 = 34.3 h) versus SCN^- (t_1/2 = 359 h, 15 days) and ATCA (t_1/2 = 544 h, 23 days). CN instability in postmortem blood increased at RT (t_1/2 = 10.7 h) and HBT (t_1/2 = 6.6 h). SCN^- and ATCA were more stable than CN at all storage conditions. In postmortem swine, the t_1/2s of SCN^- and ATCA were 15 and 23 days, respectively. While both the t1/2s of SCN^- and ATCA were relatively lengthy, endogenous levels of SCN^- were much more variable than ATCA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there are still questions to be answered, ATCA was the most adept forensic marker of CN poisoning (i.e., ATCA produced the longest half-life, the largest increase above baseline levels, and most stable background concentrations).</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary information concerning the suspected interindividual transmission of GW1516, a substance prohibited in sport, through intimate contact: a case report.","authors":"J Breuer, A M Garzinsky, A Thomas, E Nieschlag, S Kliesch, M Fedoruk, H Geyer, M Thevis","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00689-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-024-00689-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Inadvertent and/or unknowing exposure to drugs and drug residues has been frequently debated in situations of so-called adverse analytical finding (AAF) in the context of sports drug testing programs. Transfer of drug residues via unprotected intercourse is a conceivable scenario but scientific data and authentic case reports are scarce. Herein, investigations into two AAFs with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonist GW1516 are reported and discussed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To probe for a contamination scenario involving sexual intercourse, two assays were used to determine semenogelin in human urine, with one employing an immunochromatographic lateral flow approach and another based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Further, drug-residue testing using patients' ejaculate was conducted by utilizing liquid chromatography in conjunction with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, followed by re-analysis of suspect samples (i.e., samples indicating the presence of relevant compounds) using high resolution/high mass accuracy mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In one case, but not the other, the possibility of intimate contact as the source of the AAF was confirmed after a thorough investigation of potential contamination scenarios. Subsequent research revealed analytical evidence for the presence of seminal fluid in one of the female athlete's doping control urine samples, and the analysis of clinical ejaculate specimens provided first data on an authentic concentration level of GW1516 and its metabolites in human seminal fluid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined facts substantiate the possibility of an AAF caused by unprotected sexual intercourse and the plausibility of the case-related arguments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"248-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and quantification of etomidate and metomidate in human hairs by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).","authors":"Yinyin Dai, Xiaolong Zhang, Kundi Zhao, Yue Wang, Jinlei Liu, Jie Gu, Huiru Bai, Koutaro Hasegawa, Amin Wurita","doi":"10.1007/s11419-023-00678-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-023-00678-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intravenous narcotic agents, such as etomidate and metomidate, has been widely spread and abused in the world, including in Korea and China; thus, it is important to establish validated and sensitive analytical method for these compounds. Human hair as a biological sample has various advantages, including a wide detection window of drugs, compared to other typical samples, such as urine and blood in investigation. The purpose of this communication is to develop a reliable and useful method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of etomidate and metomidate in human hair samples by ultraperformance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and to apply it for authentic samples in abuse cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The hair samples were washed with a detergent solution, followed by with water and acetone. After drying, they were cut into approximately 2 mm sections and then ground to powder by a low-temperature grinder. The 20 mg of hair powder plus internal standard in 1 mL of methanol was vortexed and then centrifuged to obtain the supernatant layer, followed by subjecting to analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The coefficient of determination (r²) values of the calibration curves of etomidate and metomidate in the hair samples were both more than 0.99 in the range of 1-500 ng/mg and 1-500 pg/mg, respectively. The limits of detection and lower limits of quantification were 0.5 and 1 pg/mg, respectively, for the both target compounds. Other tested validation data were all satisfactory. Etomidate and metomidate could be detected in the all hair samples and cigarette oil, which were seized by the police. The concentrations of etomidate and metomidate obtained from 10 samples from suspects were 5.48-45.7 ng/mg and 3.60-377 pg/mg, respectively. The concentrations of etomidate and metomidate in the cigarette oil were 95.8 μg/mg and 2.8 μg/mg, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, a simple and reliable analytical method for etomidate and metomidate in the human hair has been established. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to establish a method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of etomidate and metomidate in the human hair, and to apply it to authentic samples seized in authentic cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kerosene condenses in the trachea following inhalation.","authors":"Sella Takei, Hiroshi Kinoshita, Sachiko Kawahara, Mitsuru Kumihashi, Mostofa Jamal, Tadayoshi Yamashita, Etsuko Tanaka, Hiroko Abe, Kunihiko Tsutsui, Shoji Kimura","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00682-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-024-00682-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We have investigated the absorption dynamics of petroleum fuel components from the analytical results of autopsy samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post-mortem samples of the severely burned case, including femoral blood, intratracheal contents (mucus) and intratracheal gas-phase samples were collected, and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer with head-space solid-phase microextraction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The composition of flammable substances in the tracheal gas phase differed slightly from that in mucus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-boiling point components are retained in the trachea, whereas relatively lower-boiling point components are detected predominantly in the tracheal gas phase and blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"255-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the paper of Breuer et al.: complementary information concerning the suspected interindividual transmission of GW1516, a substance prohibited in sport, through intimate contact-a case report.","authors":"Pascal Kintz","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00694-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-024-00694-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}