Forensic Toxicology最新文献_第2页

Acute high-dose diazepam reduces total bilirubin in bile: an experimental mouse study. 急性大剂量地西泮降低胆汁中总胆红素：一项实验性小鼠研究。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-026-00759-2

Hiroshi Tsutsumi, Ako Sasao, Ryota Hiraiwa, Kyoko Hirata, Rie Sano

引用次数: 0

Use of nitrogen as an alternative to helium in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for forensic toxicological analysis. 在法医毒理学分析的气相色谱/质谱分析中使用氮作为氦的替代品。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-025-00744-1

Kazumichi Kakazu, Kenji Ninomiya, Chiaki Fuke, Natsuki Ikematsu, Maki Fukasawa, Mio Takayama

{"title":"Use of nitrogen as an alternative to helium in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for forensic toxicological analysis.","authors":"Kazumichi Kakazu, Kenji Ninomiya, Chiaki Fuke, Natsuki Ikematsu, Maki Fukasawa, Mio Takayama","doi":"10.1007/s11419-025-00744-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-025-00744-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although helium is commonly used as a carrier gas for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), this practice is unsustainable owing to the unstable supply and rising prices of helium. Therefore, this study investigated nitrogen as an alternative carrier gas in forensic toxicology applications to suggest a simple transfer of analytical conditions.Methods: GC-MS using nitrogen was compared with the conventional helium-based method for 34 compounds, including illegal drugs, medications, and pesticides. The targets were analyzed in a 10 µg/mL solution under constant linear velocity and pulsed splitless modes. Three analytical conditions were evaluated by varying the linear velocity and ionization voltage.Results: With nitrogen as the carrier gas, the average peak height was 10% compared to that with helium. The similarity index of the obtained mass spectra and that acquired with helium averaged at 84. However, under conditions at which the velocity decreased, the peak height was approximately the same, whereas the spectral similarity index increased to an average of 91. Furthermore, under conditions in which the ionization voltage was changed, the spectral similarity index slightly decreased to an average of 81, whereas the peak height significantly increased to an average of 87%.Conclusions: Although analysis using nitrogen with the same level of detection sensitivity as that used with helium was challenging, qualitative analysis was considered sufficient for samples with high concentrations, such as powders, tablets, liquids, and plants. Thus, nitrogen can serve as a viable alternative carrier gas to helium in GC-MS analysis.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Possible role of ribosome biogenesis in the recovery from transient hepatic damage caused by ethylene glycol in rats. 核糖体生物发生在乙二醇致大鼠肝损伤恢复中的可能作用。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-026-00757-4

Kana Unuma, Toshihiko Aki, Nana Kobayashi, Shintaro Isa, Akihiro Tojo

{"title":"Possible role of ribosome biogenesis in the recovery from transient hepatic damage caused by ethylene glycol in rats.","authors":"Kana Unuma, Toshihiko Aki, Nana Kobayashi, Shintaro Isa, Akihiro Tojo","doi":"10.1007/s11419-026-00757-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-026-00757-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Ethylene glycol (EG), a widely used industrial compound, has been implicated in accidental poisoning and homicide. Although the nephrotoxic mechanisms of EG are well characterized, its acute hepatotoxic potential remains underexplored. This study investigated histopathological and molecular alterations in the liver of rats following acute administration of EG. Possible dysfunction of an anti-oxidative pathway involving ferroptosis (glutathione peroxidase 4, Gpx4; solute carrier family 7 member 11, SLC7A11) is also examined.Methods: Male rats (8-week-old, male) were orally administered EG (8 g/kg) and euthanized at 2 and 5 days post-exposure by an administration of an overdose of anesthetic (40 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital). Serological analysis was performed to assess liver function. Liver tissues were evaluated by histology, transmission electron microscopy, and transcriptome analysis.Results: Serological findings indicated transient liver damage at 2 days post-exposure, followed by recovery at 5 days. Transmission electron microscopy revealed glycogen accumulation, corroborated by periodic acid-Schiff and periodic acid-methenamine silver staining. Histological analysis revealed an increased number of nucleoli, correlating with upregulation of ribosomal genes on microarray analysis, particularly at 5 days post-exposure. In addition, significant decreases in Gpx4 and SLC7A11 expression were observed in rat livers treated with EG and Huh-7 human hepatoma cells, suggesting reduced cellular antioxidative capacity as a contributing factor to transient liver damage.Conclusions: These findings reveal a pathway underlying EG-induced transient liver damage and suggest a possible mechanism of recovery, thereby providing new insights into EG poisoning.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The combined analysis of hair samples with fly larvae for the forensic identification of skeletonized human remains. 毛发样本与蝇幼虫的结合分析用于人类骨骼遗骸的法医鉴定。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-026-00758-3

F Palazzoli, P Verri, D Vandelli, A L Fabris, V Castagnetti, G Gualandri, A L Santunione

{"title":"The combined analysis of hair samples with fly larvae for the forensic identification of skeletonized human remains.","authors":"F Palazzoli, P Verri, D Vandelli, A L Fabris, V Castagnetti, G Gualandri, A L Santunione","doi":"10.1007/s11419-026-00758-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-026-00758-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In the present work, we report the combined use of hair and fly larvae samples as a valuable approach for obtaining additional toxicological evidence in cases of skeletonized corpses. In highly decomposed human remains, the absence of conventional biological specimens (e.g. blood, urine, and organs) requires alternative matrices to base the forensic investigation upon. However, it is challenging to find the most suitable medico-legal approach in these cases.Methods: Hair and fly larvae samples were collected from two independent cases and processed by solid phase extraction using a similar procedure. Analyses were performed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Two anticonvulsants were found in the samples but in a different pattern: phenobarbital in case 1, and phenobarbital in association with phenytoin in case 2.Conclusions: The results of this toxicological approach combining two different samples, hair and larvae, in addition to circumstantial and autopsy findings, proved to be paramount in the medico-legal assessment of the cases herein described, leading to the successful identification of the subjects by DNA analysis. We thus hope that the approach and findings reported in this work contribute to the growing entomotoxicology science and its applicability to real complex forensic cases, especially considering that, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first article describing the determination of phenytoin in insects for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From field prick to decision-grade proof: a dried blood spot and volumetric absorptive microsampling framework for verifying chemical-agent exposure. 从现场点刺到决策级证明：用于验证化学剂暴露的干燥血斑和体积吸收微采样框架。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-026-00756-5

M Vijayasimha

引用次数: 0

Identification and quantification of two etomidate analogues ABP-700 and 2,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-etomidate in e-cigarette liquid and hair by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. 用GC-MS和LC-MS/MS鉴别和定量电子烟液和头发中2种依托咪酯类似物ABP-700和2,6-二氯-3-氟依托咪酯。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-026-00755-6

Yinyin Dai, Jian Jiang, Amin Wurita, Koutaro Hasegawa

{"title":"Identification and quantification of two etomidate analogues ABP-700 and 2,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-etomidate in e-cigarette liquid and hair by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS.","authors":"Yinyin Dai, Jian Jiang, Amin Wurita, Koutaro Hasegawa","doi":"10.1007/s11419-026-00755-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-026-00755-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In response to the Chinese government's regulation of etomidate and some of its analogs, illicit manufacturers have turned to novel structural analogs of etomidate to circumvent legal restrictions. This study aims to establish a qualitative and quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of two emerging etomidate analogs-ABP-700 and 2,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-etomidate-and apply it to the analysis of hair samples from actual abusers.Methods: Hair samples were washed, segmented, cryogenically ground, and extracted with methanol. For extraction, precisely 20 mg of homogenized hair sample was spiked with deuterated internal standard and subjected to methanol extraction with vortex mixing followed by centrifugation. The resulting supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane filter prior to UPLC-MS/MS analysis.Results: The method showed excellent quantitative linearity (r² > 0.99) over the range of 0.01-1 ng/mg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.005 ng/mg and 0.01 ng/mg for both analytes. In authentic hair samples from suspected abusers, ABP-700 was detected at 0.11 ng/mg and 0.02 ng/mg, while 2,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-etomidate was quantified at 0.13 ng/mg. Concentrations in seized e-cigarette liquids were 22.6 µg/mg and 48.6 µg/mg, respectively.Conclusions: This study establishes a validated analytical method for the simultaneous determination of ABP-700 and 2,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-etomidate in human hair matrices. To our knowledge, this is the first reported methodology enabling both identification and quantification of these novel etomidate analogs in hair samples, with successful application to forensic case samples.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The determination of the novel insomnia medication lemborexant using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, and its quantitation in clinical and forensic samples. 采用有效的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定新型失眠药物lemborexant，并在临床和法医样品中进行定量分析。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-025-00733-4

Brian Waters, Masato Masuda, Aya Matsusue, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Hikaru Hori, Kazuya Ikematsu, Shin-Ichi Kubo

{"title":"The determination of the novel insomnia medication lemborexant using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, and its quantitation in clinical and forensic samples.","authors":"Brian Waters, Masato Masuda, Aya Matsusue, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Hikaru Hori, Kazuya Ikematsu, Shin-Ichi Kubo","doi":"10.1007/s11419-025-00733-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-025-00733-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to detail the identification, confirmation, and quantitation of lemborexant from clinical and postmortem specimens using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Additionally, it investigates the tissue distribution of lemborexant in several postmortem cases.Methods: Lemborexant was isolated from the plasma of hospital patients or the postmortem specimens of forensic autopsy cases. Extraction from 0.1 mL or 0.1 g of sample was achieved by a modified QuEChERS protocol. The analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The quantitation method was validated in whole blood using internationally accepted parameters based on ANSI/ASB Standard 036. A total of 8 clinical samples and 13 forensic autopsy cases were analyzed by the validated method.Results: In clinical cases, lemborexant concentrations in plasma ranged from 2.7 to 225 ng/mL. Lemborexant concentrations in the blood of forensic autopsy cases ranged from below the lower limit of quantitation (2 ng/mL) to 276 ng/mL. The highest postmortem concentrations were found in liver, adipose tissue, pancreas, and kidney. The method demonstrated high recovery rates and precision, with no significant matrix effects or interferences from other drugs.Conclusions: The validated LC-MS/MS method proved effective for detecting and quantifying lemborexant in both clinical and forensic autopsy samples. The study highlights the importance of monitoring lemborexant and other dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) in forensic investigations to understand their pharmacokinetics and potential toxicological effects.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of toxicokinetic profiles of methamphetamine and its metabolites at toxic and therapeutic doses in mice. 甲基苯丙胺及其代谢物在小鼠体内毒性和治疗剂量的毒性动力学比较分析。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-025-00753-0

Misato Ishida, Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto, Satoshi Numazawa

{"title":"Comparative analysis of toxicokinetic profiles of methamphetamine and its metabolites at toxic and therapeutic doses in mice.","authors":"Misato Ishida, Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto, Satoshi Numazawa","doi":"10.1007/s11419-025-00753-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-025-00753-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Methamphetamine (MA) is widely abused worldwide and has long been a major social concern. To provide basic information for comparing MA toxicokinetics in humans, we analyzed changes in the serum and urinary concentrations of MA and its metabolites in mice and compared the toxicokinetic profiles at the toxic dose with those at the therapeutic dose.Methods: Mice were administered therapeutic (1.5 mg/kg) or toxic (15 mg/kg) doses and blood and urine samples were collected. The serum concentrations of MA and its metabolite amphetamine (AMP), as well as the urinary concentrations of MA and its metabolites-AMP, p-hydroxymethamphetamine (OHMA), p-hydroxyamphetamine (OHAMP), and norephedrine (NEP) -were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Results: The serum AUC0-24 values for MA and AMP were approximately 16 and 41 times higher, respectively, in the toxic dose group than those in the therapeutic dose group. The urinary AMP and OHAMP excretion levels were approximately 3.6 and 2.2 times higher, respectively, in the toxic dose group. The urinary [AMP] / [MA] ratio at all collected points and [AMP] / [OHMA] ratio in the 0-24 h sample were significantly higher in the toxic than in the therapeutic dose group.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that the metabolism of AMP to OHAMP and NEP was saturated during intoxication. Furthermore, the determination of whether a toxic dose had been administered within 24 h or after 24 h would be possible through a joint evaluation of the urinary [AMP] / [MA] and [AMP] / [OHMA] ratios.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"192-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment with rapamycin prevents induction and expression of locomotor sensitization to synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in mice. 雷帕霉素治疗可阻止小鼠对合成卡西酮3,4-亚甲基二氧基丙戊酮（MDPV）运动致敏的诱导和表达。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-025-00749-w

Jakub Wojcieszak, Katarzyna Kuczyńska, Jolanta B Zawilska

{"title":"Treatment with rapamycin prevents induction and expression of locomotor sensitization to synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in mice.","authors":"Jakub Wojcieszak, Katarzyna Kuczyńska, Jolanta B Zawilska","doi":"10.1007/s11419-025-00749-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11419-025-00749-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a potent psychostimulant substance endowed with addictive properties. As mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mediates neuroadaptive changes responsible for development of addiction, the current study evaluated whether rapamycin, a potent and selective inhibitor of mTOR, prevents induction and expression of behavioral sensitization in mice treated with MDPV.Methods: Locomotor sensitization was used as an animal model of early phase of addiction. C57BL/6JRj mice were treated with rapamycin before administration of MDPV during the induction phase of sensitization, or during the final 5 days of the withdrawal. Sensitization was assessed based on the measurement of locomotor activity after treatment with MDPV.Results: Rapamycin administered on days 1-7 inhibited induction of sensitization characterized by increased horizontal and vertical locomotor activity on day 7 compared to day 1. Additionally, when given during the withdrawal from MDPV, rapamycin blocked expression of sensitization, defined as augmented response to MDPV on day 21 compared to day 1.Conclusions: Abolishment of locomotor sensitization to MDPV by rapamycin suggests that neuroadaptive changes underlying this phenomenon are dependent on the mTOR signaling and warrants further research on possible application of mTOR inhibitors in treatment of addiction.","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145631481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toxicological findings in suspected drugging incidents in Denmark from 2022 - 2024. 2022 - 2024年丹麦疑似吸毒事件的毒理学研究结果。

IF 3 4区医学

Forensic Toxicology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-025-00752-1

Charlotte Uggerhøj Andersen, Sys Stybe Johansen, Karen Rygaard, Simon Kjær Hermansen, Brian Schou Rasmussen, Jørgen Bo Hasselstrøm

引用次数: 0