Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии最新文献

{"title":"USING THE METHODOLOGY OF \"GREEN\" CONSTRUCTION FOR RATING EVALUATION OF ROADS","authors":"K. Pugin","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-84-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-84-93","url":null,"abstract":"The use of new technologies and raw materials, including man-made materials, in the production of con-struction and road materials increases the risks of forming a negative technogenic load on environmental objects when used in road construction. This is of particular relevance due to the fact that the road network has a long extension in the settlements and as a result has a negative impact on the person. A new methodolo-gy for \"green\" construction, which is currently being effectively used in a number of developed European countries, can give a comprehensive assessment of the emergence of risks. On the basis of analytical and la-boratory studies it is shown that the methodology of \"green\" construction used for the evaluation of residen-tial and industrial buildings can not be applied to the evaluation of road construction objects. When as-sessing the building materials used in road construction, the change in their physicochemical condition dur-ing long-term operation in the elements of road structures is not taken into account. It is shown that the emis-sion of environmentally hazardous chemical compounds that make up construction materials increases with the cyclicity of the pH of the medium of their placement, the discontinuity of the surface. It was proposed to include such provisions as \"protection from the aquatic environment\", \"stable pH values of the external envi-ronment\" for the formation of a rating system for assessing the \"green\" construction of motor roads in order to ensure environmental safety.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126254217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARRANGEMENT WITH GARDENS AND PARKS IN COUNTRY HOMESTEADS OF KURSK CITY. PART II. COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND GARDENS AND PARKS ARRANGEMENT IN THE LARGE HOMESTEADS OF THE FIRST HALF OF XIX CENTURIES","authors":"E. Kholodova","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-29-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-29-41","url":null,"abstract":"The study is based on the identified archival and published sources, field research of the author, which enable to reconstruct a more reasonably shaped, the material structure is lost in the nobility and merchant estates in the area of origin of horticulture and the natural border of Russia. The basis of the study is the study of topography and physical and geographical types of terrain characteristic of the Kursk region.\u0000The scientific novelty of the research is associated with the author's expeditions to identify signs of the existence of manor objects – landscapes and parks, full-scale survey of a number of preserved manor com-plexes, which did not attract the attention of researchers to a sufficient extent.. Of particular importance is the identification of archival and printed sources that allow more reasonably reconstruct the figurative and material structure of the lost elements of noble and merchant estates.\u0000The contribution to modern knowledge is systematic information about different types of management, their impact on the spatial structure of the estate and its natural environment, as well as about the features of garden and Park techniques that existed in the studied period of the history of the Kursk region.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129225909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGN OF PASSENDGER SHELDER CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NOISE-PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT","authors":"V. Asminin, U.Y. Pavlova","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-73-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-73-83","url":null,"abstract":"Negative influence for agglomeration ecological safety are modern growth of the cities, increase in population density, intensification of automobile transportations. The urban environment everything more becomes subject to the acoustic pollution of road traffic. Negative influence of this type of pollution on a hu-man body is conventional and is shown in the big range of influences. For example the Concept of complica-tion offered by A. Chic, which reflects subjective psychological feelings from the acoustic pollution of road traffic in the city and beyond its.\u0000The existing methods of fight against auto transportation noise is ineffectively or sometimes unaccepta-bly in the developed living area. The most acoustic pollution sites in urban environment are the locations of public transport stop points. Recommendations for design of PSC taking into account their shielding effect for the purpose of decrease acoustic pollution are developed.\u0000Possibilities of the developed computer program for design of PSC with noise-protective characteristics concerning object of a noise-protective are reflected in this work. The problem of optimization of PSC tech-nical parameters for the purpose of increase of level of security of an urban environment from the acoustic pollution of road traffic is solved. Nomograms for determination of optimum height of PSC with installation on them additional screens are developed.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133837223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY AND DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE","authors":"G. Abdrassilova, N. Umniakova, Bekzat Kakimzhanov","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-3-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the increasingly popular in the work concept of the digital economy and its influ-ence on the development of architecture. Digital economics is the one where a kind of cyber-physical system acts as an industrial complex creating products and services that ensure the life and comfort of the population. Technological advancement makes it possible to carry out more and more not only commercial, but also other operations online (distance learning, medical consultations, online design etc.).\u0000The authors of the article are trying to find answers to the questions: what is a digital economy, how does architecture integrate into a digital economy, what do architects need to study in order to be ready to work in a digital economy?\u0000Computer programs are widely used not only in architectural design, but also in all related technical are-as (calculation and design of buildings and structures, engineering systems etc.). Based on the analysis of the design practice, the authors of the article divide the use of digital technologies in architecture into two groups: software products as a design tool and digital technologies as elements of the structural, technical and func-tional characteristics of buildings and structures.\u0000All elements of virtual design are embedded in modern systems, for example, BIM – building information modeling. The article considers how in the projects of modern buildings and complexes in the digital econo-my, the elements of innovative technologies are used, such as Smart House, Smart City. It is indisputable that modern architecture as a sphere of production of the human life environment is an integral part of the digital economy and is developing its own digital environment.\u0000The main conclusion of the authors: in order to be ready for practical activities, students-architects need to realize that modern architecture will develop in line with the digital economy. Therefore, the future archi-tect needs to master all the components of the digital environment of the architecture, both the digital design tools and the smart technology.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133239158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE URBAN PLANNING AS A COMPLEX ACTIVITY ORIENTED AT THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIALLY ORIENTED CITY ENVIRONMENT","authors":"N. Bakaeva, L. Chaikovskaya, A. Kormina","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-94-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-94-106","url":null,"abstract":"Social characteristics of the life quality at the urban area and their relationship with the demographical situation and depopulation factors of the population of present-day Russia are considered in the article. Besides the demographical factor, the ecological component of most cities and locations predetermines at the stable march of the society and provides the security of the urban population vital activity. A new model of socially - oriented urban area is offered. The model is a biosphere compatible conception of the city-building, which was developed by Russian Academy of Architecture and construction sciences. The realization of the social oriented urban area consists in the close - knit execution of some principles, which are directed to the provision of har-monious balance between people and environment. According this position the formation of social -oriented ur-ban area has a connection with the necessity of the rethinking the traditional representation and guidelines and the formation of people’s world outlook in the context of common humanitarian sciences, which were made by the human at the stage of development. At the practice the creation of the social - oriented urban area should be started with the changing of the system of the city control. The system of the city control is the practice of the urban planning within city - planning complex, which is the uniting part of people’s vital activities. In this way there is no alternative of the transition to the symbiont type of relationship between the homuncle and natural environment - the urban planning systems and their natural environment. Such situation can be shown within the difficult and complex problem of the safety with the aim of the social - oriented urban area.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123989890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF THE PROCESSED GALVANIC SLIMES AS ONE OF THE RECYCLING OF TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"A. Kolesnikov, A. Belkin","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of a situation in the sphere of galvanic production recycling is presented in work. Galvanic production is one of the most dangerous sources of environmental pollution. Mainly superficial and under-ground sources are soiled. It occurs because of the large volume of the sewage containing harmful impurity of heavy metals, inorganic acids and alkalis, surfactants and other highly toxic connections and solid waste is formed. Especially because a reagent way of the sewage containing heavy metals in a slightly soluble form.\u0000Assessment of harm of chemical components of galvanic slimes is presented. The possibility of slimes processing by hardening in concrete mix as a part of paving slabs is considered. The paving slabs with use of slimes as the painting pigment is offered.\u0000The order of carrying out tests for definition of galvanic slimes safety using for production of construc-tion materials (paving slabs) is given. Influence of slimes introduction on mechanical properties of products is shown.\u0000The dependence of products color on amount by the entered galvanic slime and possibility of color schemes correction are shown.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115513319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRINCIPAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES OF RECONCILIATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE IN CHINESE GARDENS OF SUZHOU","authors":"Marianna Shevchenko","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-14-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-14-28","url":null,"abstract":"Park and garden design of China initially had relatively few strict limitations and rules and there was a great deal of room for creativity. However study of gardens of Suzhou makes it possible to distinguish some basic compositional design features. Those features are: zoning of the park space; designing of routs for visi-tors; creation of contrast and background both in large landscape zones and in small-scale objects; “land-scape borrowing”; use of depth and succession of landscape views. A major challenge for the architect is creation of complex, multi-layered space, where walking routes between the compositional dominants play a significant role. The use of these design features visually extends the garden space, gives the visitor choice between several routes and enriches content of the garden. Besides, several main design objects can be dis-tinguished, such as: large and small water bodies; artificial mountains and stone groups; garden structures, including pavilions, terraces, towers and galleries; decorations and vegetation. Individual design objects and in particular the architectural structures allow us to elaborate the garden space in more detail. Chinese park is inconceivable without the synthesis between the nature and architecture. The acquisition of basic compositional design features allow us not only to better understand the organization of private gardens in China, but also to use them in own design practice.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114878587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AT THE ADDRESS WITH WASTE OF CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING OF BUILDINGS","authors":"T. Bashevaya","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-63-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-63-72","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the estimation of ecological safety of schemes of handling was executed building wastes that are used presently. А comparative analysis is conducted with the perspective methods of handling wastes (recycling, incineration). Basic indicatos are set for the estimation of ecological safety of construction. The quantitative values of environmental indicators for each of the ways of waste management have been deter-mined. Results show that in terms of the Global Warming Potential, the most environmentally friendly treat-ment was recycling, followed by incineration and lastly landfilling.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123652913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE QUALITY OF PASSENGER SERVICES IN INTERMODAL HUBS","authors":"D. Vlasov, Vladislav Rasov","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-107-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-107-119","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important questions about public transport services development is the attractiveness of public transport for population. Transport transit hubs are the key elements in a transport system structure of a city, providing the interaction of all modes of transport and the urban environment. Every transport transit hub provides the interaction of different in nature, direction, goals and objectives of the movement passenger flows. Comfort, safety and easy movement of passengers are formed by a layout of the communication ele-ments of a hub. The main part of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the Northern climatic zone, which makes closed and protected communication elements the most convenient and attractive for pas-sengers. The article deals with the rational use of travolators as a communication elements in transport hubs. There is the result of analysis of the existing simulation models of pedestrian traffic. According to the set of properties, the model of attracting forces was determined as the basis for the formation of the computational model. The calculations carried out on the theoretical model that was developed during the project experi-ment. The experiment consisted in observations of the main characteristics of the flow of passengers in the Moscow metro in the morning \"peak\" hours. The experiment was conducted using a video surveillance system of the Moscow metro. Good convergence of theoretical calculations with practical observations was ob-tained. In the future, it is plan to create the matrix planning solutions communications elements with all types of accommodation moving walkways. The calculations allowed determining the main characteristics of pas-senger traffic in which it is advisable to use travolators, as well as directions for further research on this top-ic.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131723857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST","authors":"I. Glinyanova, V. Azarov, V. Fomichev","doi":"10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-42-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-42-53","url":null,"abstract":"Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.","PeriodicalId":123190,"journal":{"name":"Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}