Food Additives & Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Food Additives Databook","authors":"J. Gilbert","doi":"10.1080/0265203031000107848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0265203031000107848","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"26 1","pages":"619 - 619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72741375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin in a group of Swedish diabetics","authors":"M. Alzin, S. Jahrl, H. Enghardt-Barbieri, L. Busk","doi":"10.1080/0265203X.2003.11432418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0265203X.2003.11432418","url":null,"abstract":"Few sweetener intake studies have been performed on the general population and only one study has been specifically designed to investigate diabetics and children. This report describes a Swedish study on the estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin by children (0-15 years) and adult male and female diabetics (types I and II) of various ages (16-90 years). Altogether, 1120 participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about their sweetener intake. The response rate (71%, range 59-78%) was comparable across age and gender groups. The most consumed 'light' foodstuffs were diet soda, cider, fruit syrup, table powder, table tablets, table drops, ice cream, chewing gum, throat lozenges, sweets, yoghurt and vitamin C. The major sources of sweetener intake were beverages and table powder. About 70% of the participants, equally distributed across all age groups, read the manufacturer's specifications of the food products' content. The estimated intakes showed that neither men nor women exceeded the ADI for acesulfame-K; however, using worst-case calculations, high intakes were found in young children (169% of ADI). In general, the aspartame intake was low. Children had the highest estimated (worst case) intake of cyclamate (317% of ADI). Children's estimated intake of saccharin only slightly exceeded the ADI at the 5% level for fruit syrup. Children had an unexpected high intake of tabletop sweeteners, which, in Sweden, is normally based on cyclamate. The study was performed during two winter months when it can be assumed that the intake of sweeteners was lower as compared with during warm, summer months. Thus, the present study probably underestimates the average intake on a yearly basis. However, our worst-case calculations based on maximum permitted levels were performed on each individual sweetener, although exposure is probably relatively evenly distributed among all sweeteners, except for cyclamate containing table sweeteners.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"146 1","pages":"115 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82973018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of common Fusarium toxins in vitro by strains of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium","authors":"H. El‐Nezami, A. Chrevatidis, S. Auriola, S. Salminen, H. Mykkänen","doi":"10.1080/02652030210134236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210134236","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the ability of selected strains of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium to remove common Fusarium toxins, trichothecenes, from liquid media. The trichothecenes studied were deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon (FX), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin (T-2) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2). The Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG), Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain LC-705 (LC-705) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) were incubated in PBS buffer containing 20 μg toxin ml-1 for 1h at 37°C, and after centrifugation the concentration of the toxins was measured in the supernatant fraction. Both viable and heat-killed forms of LGG and PJS were more efficient than LC-705 in removing the toxins from the liquid media. LGG and PJS removed four of the seven tested toxins (the removal varying from 18 to 93%) and LC-705 two toxins (10-64%). Of the toxins, 3-AcDON was not removed by any of the bacteria; HT-2 was removed by the non-viable LGG and also slightly by non-viable LC-705; DAS was removed by all three bacteria tested. Binding is postulated as the possible mechanism of the removal, since no difference was observed between the ability of viable and heat-killed bacteria in removing the trichothecenes, and no degradation products of the toxins were detected by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. It is concluded that significant differences exist in the ability of the bacteria to bind trichothecenes in vitro.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"123 1","pages":"680 - 686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79433988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and related compounds in foods: a review","authors":"C. Hamlet, P. Sadd, C. Crews, J. Veĺišek, D. Baxter","doi":"10.1080/02652030210132391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210132391","url":null,"abstract":"A critical review of the occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in foods not known to contain hydrolysed vegetable proteins is presented. The review covers the properties and chemistry of 3-MCPD and the current methods of analysis in foodstuffs. The results of UK surveys of 3-MCPD occurrence in both retail foods and commercial food ingredients are discussed with particular reference to cereal, meat and dairy products. The possible mechanisms for the formation and decay of 3-MCPD in foods are suggested. The review does not cover the detailed toxicology of 3-MCPD and its occurrence in hydrolysed vegetable proteins, which have been considered elsewhere, nor possible issues such as in-vivo formation.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"110 1","pages":"619 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77060038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of aflatoxin in commodities imported into Qatar, 1997-2000","authors":"A. Abdulkadar, Abdul-Mohsen Al-Ali, J. H. Al-Jedah","doi":"10.1080/02652030210121339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210121339","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of aflatoxin in commodities imported into Qatar was investigated from 1999 to 2000. During the 4 years, 351 samples of susceptible commodities were analysed. Aflatoxin was detected in 71 (20%) samples in the range 0.1-20 μg kg-1 and in 50 (14%) samples above the permitted level of 20 μg kg-1. The highest incidence and levels of aflatoxin contamination were recorded in pistachio without shell followed by pistachio with shell. Aflatoxin levels >20 μg kg-1 in the pistachio samples varied from 8.7 to 33%. The highest level of total aflatoxin found in pistachio without shell was 289 μg kg-1. A few samples of corn and corn products (three of 54 analysed), peanut and peanut products (nine of 42 analysed) and other nuts like almond, walnut and cashew (one of 40 analysed) were found contaminated with low levels (0.1-20 μg kg-1) of aflatoxins. Only one sample of custard powder and one sample of roasted peanut were found with aflatoxin >20 μg kg-1","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"35 1","pages":"666 - 670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89233738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the origin, and on the impact of post-harvest handling and manufacturing on the presence of ochratoxin A in coffee","authors":"P. Bucheli, M. Taniwaki","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113816","url":null,"abstract":"The major risk factors and processing steps that can lead to contamination of green coffee with ochratoxin A (OTA) have been identified. Surveys of the green coffee production chain indicate that Aspergillus ochraceus and A. carbonarius are the most potent OTA producers on coffee. Both have been successfully grown in vitro on green coffee and coffee cherries, respectively, producing high amounts of OTA (5-13 mg kg-1). The so-called dry processing of coffee, which is cherry drying, was identified as one of the steps during which OTA formation can take place, particularly under humid tropical conditions. Cherries contain sufficient amounts of water to support mould growth and OTA formation during the initial 3–5 days of drying on the outer part of the cherries. Not surprisingly, after dehulling, husks can be highly contaminated with OTA, as also indicated by its enhanced concentration in soluble coffees adulterated with husks and parchment. A minimum water activity of 0.80 (about 14% MC) is required for in vitro OTA production on green coffee, a fact that does not rule out the possibility of OTA contamination due to improper transportation and storage of green coffee. However, this appears not to be a major route for OTA contamination of coffee. OTA contamination can clearly be minimized by following good agricultural practice and a subsequent post-harvest handling consisting of appropriate techniques for drying, grading, transportation and storage of green coffee; these procedures are well established.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"92 1","pages":"655 - 665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73101044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of methods for the determination of vitamins A, E and β-carotene in processed foods based on supercritical fluid extraction: a collaborative study","authors":"L. Mathiasson, C. Turner, H. Berg, L. Dahlberg, A. Theobald, E. Anklam, R. Ginn, M. Sharman, F. Ulberth, R. Gabernig","doi":"10.1080/02652030110113753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110113753","url":null,"abstract":"New methodologies based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been developed for the determination of fat-soluble vitamins in processed foods. The results obtained so far indicate that SFE is well suited to extraction of fat-soluble vitamins from food products, although validation work is required to establish accuracy and precision. The vitamins investigated were A, E and β -carotene, and the processed foods were UHT milk, milk powder, minced meat, liver paste, infant formula, canned baby food and margarine. Extraction equipment employed analyte collection on either a solid-phase trap or in a solvent. After extraction, the samples were saponified and the vitamins determined using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or fluorescence detection. Sample throughput was at least 12 samples day-1, i.e. at least twice the number achievable with a conventional extraction methodology. The detection limits for the vitamins in different processed foods were well below 0.1 μg g -1. Recoveries (in comparison with vitamin levels obtained using conventional solvent extraction) were close to 100% for experienced personal with access to modern automatic equipment. To reach this level, it was necessary to protect the vitamins with an antioxidant during the different steps of the analysis procedure, to add methanol or ethanol to the extraction cell to facilitate the analyte extraction from the food matrix, and when using a solid-phase trap, to employ a fractionated extraction-elution procedure to prevent breakthrough losses. The developed methods were tested in a validation exercise between five laboratories, which had taken part in the method development, and in an intercomparison between 10 laboratories including laboratories with less experience of vitamin determination. The within-laboratory RSD was generally ≤ 11%. The average of the between-laboratory relative standard deviation (RSD) was about 23% in the validation, and increased to about 40% in the intercomparison. Ruggedness tests performed at different steps of the project showed that different types and models of equipment did not give large differences in recoveries. Thus, the increasing RSD can largely be ascribed to differences in experience in vitamin analysis of the participants.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"785 1","pages":"632 - 646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78854276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates of the mean per capita daily intake of benzoic and sorbic acids in Brazil","authors":"S. Tfouni, M. Toledo","doi":"10.1080/02652030210125119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210125119","url":null,"abstract":"The daily intakes of benzoates and sorbates from selected food categories were estimated in Brazil in 1999. The Budget method was used as a first screening procedure for the estimation of the safety aspects of the maximum permitted levels of benzoates and sorbates established by the Brazilian food legislation. This screening indicated that benzoates should be further investigated. In a second step, the daily intakes of these preservatives were assessed by combining measured levels of these additives with national food consumption data derived from a household economic survey and a packaged good market survey. Benzoate and sorbate levels in soft drinks, fruit juices, margarine, yoghurt and cheese were determined by HPLC with a photodiode array detector (detection at 228 nm for benzoic acid, 260 nm for sorbic acid). The estimated intakes of benzoates and sorbates for the average consumer were below the ADIs, ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 and 0.2 to 0.3 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively. Soft drinks were identified as the main source of benzoates representing >80% of the estimated intake.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"19 1","pages":"647 - 654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76252887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in Incaparina from Guatemala","authors":"M. Trucksess, M. A. Dombrink-Kurtzman, V. H. Tournas, K. White","doi":"10.1080/02652030210125092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210125092","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in Incaparina was investigated. Incaparina is a mixture of corn and cottonseed flour with added vitamins, minerals and a preservative. It has been marketed as a high-protein food supplement, particularly for children on protein-deficient diets. According to estimates, 80% of Guatemalan children in their first year are given Incaparina to provide an adequate diet. Eight samples of Incaparina manufactured in Guatemala were collected. Five were from three different geographical locations in the USA and three were from Guatemala. Seven were examined for fungal contamination and analysed for aflatoxins and fumonisins. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant fungus in all samples purchased in the USA and in one sample purchased from Guatemala, whereas Fusarium verticillioides was present in only two samples (one from the USA and one from Guatemala). All samples contained aflatoxins, ranging from 3 to 214 ng g-1 and <2 to 32ng g-1 for aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2, respectively; and one sample contained aflatoxin G 1 (7 ng g-1). Total aflatoxins present ranged from 3 to 244 ng g-1. All samples contained fumonisins, ranging from 0.2 to 1.7 μg g-1, <0.1 to 0.6 μg g-1, and <0.1 to 0.2 μg g-1 for fumonisins B1, fumonisin B2, and fumonisin B3, respectively. Total fumonisins present ranged from 0.2 to 2.2 μg g-1. The identity of aflatoxin B1 was confirmed using both the chemical derivatization method and liquid chromatographic (LC)/mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Appropriate regulatory action was recommended for the import of Incaparina and has been in effect since 22 December 1998.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"51 1","pages":"671 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90636874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fumonisin B 1 in maize harvested in Iran during 1999","authors":"G. Shephard, W. Marasas, H. Yazdanpanah, H. Rahimian, N. Safavi, A. Zarghi, A. Shafaati, H. Rasekh","doi":"10.1080/02652030210126541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030210126541","url":null,"abstract":"The fumonisin B 1 (FB1) contamination of maize collected in two areas of Iran during 1999 was determined. The 20 maize samples from Mazandaran Province, situated on the Caspian littoral of Iran, consisted of random samples of farmers' lots and were all contaminated with FB1 at a mean level of 3.18 mg kg-1 (range 0.68-7.66 mg kg-1). The 10 samples (of the same maize cultivar) from Isfahan Province in central Iran were purchased as maize cobs in local retail markets and had mean FB levels of 0.22 mg kg-1 (mean of all samples, 6/10 samples positive, range <0.01-0.88 mg kg-1). The FB levels in Mazandaran, an area of high oesophageal cancer, were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than the FB1 levels found in maize from Isfahan, an area of low oesophageal cancer in Iran.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"15 1","pages":"676 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78659848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}