Experimental and Сlinical Urology最新文献

{"title":"Enchanted recovery. Preoperative preparation and prehabilitation.","authors":"V. Vorobev, V. Beloborodov, A. Tukhiev","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-10-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-10-17","url":null,"abstract":"Fast Track surgery (FTS), as well as ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery/rapid recovery after surgery programs) or ERP (enhanced recovery program, in russian) is a multimodal and multidisciplinary treatment strategy designed to reduce the duration of disability and improve the quality of medical care. This program includes preparation at the preoperative stage, the use of minimally invasive techniques for performing surgical intervention and active management of the postoperative period to reduce the duration of inpatient treatment, rehabilitation time and the fastest possible return of patients to normal life. In the context of this review, the features of preparation and prehabilitation at the preoperative stage of the enhanced recovery program are considered. The main elements of the strategy are reviewed: correction of eating disorders, carbohydrate loading, preoperative education and problems of multidisciplinary interaction, sarcopenia, lifestyle changes, pharmacogenomics, correction of anemia and preoperative bowels preparation. Prehabilitation and preoperative preparation together help make the patient for surgery and subsequent recovery. The main elements of training are patient and staff training, multidisciplinary interaction, correction of concomitant somatic disorders and diseases, nutrition optimization and lifestyle changes.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132506102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the biofeedback method in the treatment of patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.","authors":"N. Krotova, T. V. Ulitko, I. Kuzmin, S. Petrov","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-60-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-60-67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first line of treatment for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. To improve the results of PFMT the biofeedback method is used, while there is no consensus in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of PFMT and biofeedback method for restoring urinary continence in patients after radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods. 47 men with urinary incontinence developed after radical prostatectomy were under observation. Patients of the 1st group (n=24) were recommended to perform PFMT at home 3 times a day for 15 minutes for 6 months. Patients of the 2nd group (n=23) also performed PFMT at home for 6 months, but during the first month they additionally performed exercises for the pelvic muscles on the stationary hardware-software biofeedback complex Uroproctocor\" once a week for 40 min. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using the ICIQ-SF questionnaire, 1- and 24-hour pad tests and urine interruption test. Results. 1 month after the start of treatment a significant decrease in the severity of urinary incontinence was reported by 58.3% of patients in the 1st group and 82.6% of patients in the 2nd group. At the same time, patients of the 2nd group used a significantly smaller number of pads and had a higher quality of life compared to patients of the 1st group. The skill of isolated contraction of the pelvic floor muscles was acquired by 73.9% of patients of the 2nd group, and it was in them that the effectiveness of treatment turned out to be the greatest. The rest of the patients of the 2nd group continued biofeedback therapy in the mode of 1 session every 2 weeks. By the 6th month of observation, improvement was noted in 70.8% of patients of the 1st group and 91.3% of patients of the 2nd group. Conclusions. The use of the biofeedback method increases the effectiveness of PFMT in patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. The biofeedback method makes it possible to teach the patient how to properly perform PFMT, which increases their effectiveness, helps to reduce the duration of treatment and improves the quality of life of patients.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116423056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of criteria for the selection of therapeutic effects on metastatic renal cell carcinoma considering the factors of tumor microenvironment.","authors":"M. Tillyashaykhov, E. V. Boyko, A.A. Adilkhodzhaev, D. Nishanov, B.Kh. Rakhmatullaev","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-1-42-47","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most difficult urological neoplasm form to treat. The last two decades have witnessed significant progress in the RCC treatment. A better understanding of oncogenesis has led to the development of several targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting agents, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Despite the developed modern approaches to treatment and drugs with a new target action on tumor cells, the problem of treating metastatic RCC remains relevant in the world oncological science. Aim of study. Development of criteria for the selection of therapeutic effects in metastatic RCC, taking into account the factors of the tumor microenvironment. Materials and methods. The biological materials of the removed tumor tissue were studied in 110 patients with verified RCC, the first 2 groups with metastatic process, who after surgical treatment received immuno-targeted therapy in various modes, and the 3rd control group without metastases, for whom treatment was limited only to the surgical stage of treatment. Cytometry was used to identify key CD class proteins belonging to various types of immunocompetent cells.Immunohistochemical studies were performed to detect the activity of expression of tumor markers Bcl 2, Ki 67, p53 and VEGF. The histomorphological picture of extra tumor heterogeneity in RCC was studied using tumor tissue microscopy. Results. Differences in the composition of immunocompetent cells in groups with metastatic RCC and tumor tissue in patients without signs of metastatic spread indicated changes in the body's immunoreactivity at different stages, depending on the degree of tumor prevalence. The selection criteria allowing to prescribe a certain immuno/targeted therapy have been determined. Discussion. Based on the results of the analysis, we were able to establish a pathological phenotype based on the criteria of extra-tumor heterogeneity in metastatic RCC. Conclusions. Studies of the subpopulation spectrum of the tumor microenvironment have shown that differences in the quantitative and morphotypic composition of immunocompetent cells are the criterion for choosing the treatment and, together with the pathological characteristics of carcinogenesis, serve as a prognostic factor of the outcome of the disease.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121779122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage operations for anterior urethral strictures: evaluation of sexual function.","authors":"M. Kogan, V. P. Glukhov, A. V. Ilyash, V. Bugaenko, V. Mitusov, D. V. Sizyakin","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-96-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-96-101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Any sexual dysfunction or complications associated with urethral stricture reconstruction can negatively affect quality of life and patient satisfaction with treatment results, even if the operation is considered 'successful' and urethral patency is restored. According to the literature data, the frequency of erectile dysfunction detected after urethroplasty varies from 0 to 40%. However, most publications are focused on the study of sexual disorders caused bulbar urethral reconstruction and one-stage surgical techniques. Purpose of the study. To evaluate sexual function in patients undergoing multi-stage urethroplasty. Materials and methods. The study included 73 men aged 18–84 years who underwent multi-stage urethroplasty for the anterior urethral structures in 2010–2019. Penile strictures were present in 39 (53.4%) patients, bulbar strictures in 7 (9.6%), penile bulbar strictures in 15 (20.5%) and multifocal strictures in 12 (16.4%) cases. The length of the strictures was 7.27 ± 3.26 (2–18) cm. The effect of staged urethral surgery on sexual function was studied using the IIEF-5, MSHQ-EjD, and MSHQ-InS questionnaires. The mean time from surgery to evaluation of sexual function was 67.8 ± 32.3 (14–134) months. Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to test for differences in preoperative and postoperative values. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. There were no significant changes in the initial indicators of the IIEF-5 questionnaire compared to the postoperative ones (19.67 ± 3.45 (5 – 25) vs 21.73 ± 2.47 (6 – 24) points; the mean difference was (Δ) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 16.1 – 20.2, p = 0.468). The total score of the MSHQ-EjD questionnaire increased from 14.67 ± 3.33 (1 – 28) to 25.41 ± 5.65 (1 – 34) points, the mean difference (Δ) was 10.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) – 15.4 – 18.9 (p < 0.001). Similar improvements were observed in the analysis of preoperative and postoperative scores of the MSHQ-InS questionnaire (17.31 ± 4.67 (5 – 30) vs. 24.61 ± 4.13 (8 – 30) points; Δ = 7.2; 95% CI: 15.4 – 18.8, p = 0.036). Conclusions. Patients who underwent multi-stage urethroplasty have minimal changes in erectile function and significant improvements in ejaculatory function, as well as the expressiveness of sexual satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121082608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of inguinal and scrotal approaches in the treatment of recurrent cryptorchidism.","authors":"A. Makarov, V. Orlov, V. Sizonov","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-160-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-160-163","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The average recurrence rate after inguinal orchiopexy is 1%, and with scrotal access – 3%. The high incidence of cryptorchidism determines a relatively large number of patients who need redo orchiopexy, which explains the interest in studying the results of the use of inguinal and scrotal approaches in the surgical treatment of recurrent cryptorchidism. Materials and methods. In the period from 2016 to 2021, 36 operations were performed for relapses of cryptorchidism. Right-sided cryptorchidism was in 22 (61.1%) patients, left-sided – 14 (38.9%) boys. The average age of patients was 6.4 ± 3.6 years (1.5-17.1 years). The study included patients whose entire testicular volume was located outside the scrotum. The patients were divided into two groups: group I, 21 (58.3%) children who had relapse eliminated by scrotal access, group II, 15 (41.7%) who used inguinal access. The duration of the operation and the time spent in the hospital, the frequency of repeated malposition and testicular atrophy, the duration of the use of analgesics were studied. Results. In group I patients, the median time of the operation was 35 minutes [25;100], the average length of hospital stay was 2.5 days, and the average duration of anesthesia was 0.4 days. In group II, the median time of the operation was is 90 minutes [60;130], which is significantly longer than in group I (p=0.002), the average length of stay in the hospital is 4 days, the average time of anesthesia is 1.4 days. In 2 (12.5%) patients of group I, there was a need for conversion and the use of inguinal access. 7 (19.4%) patients did not come for a follow-up examination. Group I included 16 (55.2%), group II 13 (44.8%) boys. Testicular atrophy was in group I in 1 (6.25%) patient, there was no malposition, in group II 2 (15.3%) there was atrophy, malposition in 1 (7.6%) case. Conclusion. Both scrotal and inguinal access during repeated orchiopexy are highly effective in the treatment of recurrent cryptorchidism, while scrotal access reduces the time of surgery and the extent of injury","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"48 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinocystoplasty in tuberculosis of the urinary bladder.","authors":"O. Zuban, R. Chotchaev","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-115-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-115-121","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) ranks second in the structure of extrapulmonary forms in Russian Federation. Reconstructive surgery for GUTB is required for cases with grossly distorted and dysfunctional anatomy that are unlikely to regress with chemotherapy alone. In the recent past, there has been a tremendous increase in the variety of reconstructive procedures for the urinary bladder, used in the management of GUTB. Materials and methods. The search, analysis and systematization of publications in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, e-Library.ru according to the following keywords «tuberculosis of the genitourinary system», «cystoplasty», «gastrocystoplasty», «ileocystoplasty», «cecocystoplasty», «iliocecocystoplasty», «sigmocystoplasty», «orthotopic non-bubble». As a result, 41 publications were selected to write the review. Results and discussion. Augmentation cystoplasty includes the goals of increasing bladder capacity, while retaining as much of bladder as possible. Various gastrointestinal segments have been used for bladder reconstruction. The choice of material for reconstruction is purely the surgeon's prerogative his skill, the ease, the mobility and length of mesentery (allowing bowel to reach the bladder neck without tension and maintaining an adequate blood supply). The presence or absence of concomitant reflux is of considerable importance. In the former, an ileocystoplasty with implantation of ureter to the proximal end of the isolated ileal loop and anastomosis of the distal end of the ileal loop to the bladder neck and trigone is advocated. In the latter case, the ureterovesical valve is preserved and colocystoplasty is preferred, wherein the sigmoid colon on being opened along its antimesenteric border is joined to the trigone and bladder neck and then to itself to form a capacious pouch. Gastrocystoplasty reduces the risk of acidosis but is associated with complications like hypochloremic alkalosis and «hematuria-dysuria» syndrome. Orthotopic neobladder reconstruction is a feasible option, suitable in cases of tubercular thimble bladder with a markedly reduced capacity (as little as 15 ml), where an augmentation alone may be associated with anastomotic narrowing or poor relief of symptoms. Conclusions. In this article, we review the various bladder reconstruction options used for the surgical management of GUTB, along with their indications and complications.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130007735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KSS-CDA: Kidney stone size in children different ages.","authors":"Y. Rudin, L. D. Arustamov, A. Vardak, D. A. Galitskaya, D. Marukhnenko, G. Lagutin, J.K. Aliev, O. Apolikhin, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-164-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-164-172","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The choice of surgical treatment with kidney stone disease directly depends on the size of the kidney stones. According to clinical guidelines for the treatment of urolithiasis in children, the size of a kidney stone in adult patients is used to determine tactics. Normally, the longitudinal size of the kidney of a child, for example, 1-3 years old, is 2 times smaller than that of an adult, and the width of the child's ureter is 37% less than the width of the adult's ureter. But anatomical and age differences in children (infant, preschool, school and adolescence) are not taken into account. Existing prognostic nomograms for urolithiasis (Dogan, Onal, CMUN, SKS, Guy's Stone Score, S.T.O.N.E, and CROES) that are validated for use in children also do not take this into account. Thus, the size of a kidney stone, as a criterion for choosing an effective and safe method of surgical treatment, needs to be clarified. The purpose of the study: to define the concept of a large kidney stone in children of different age groups. Materials and methods. We analyzed clinical guidelines, domestic and foreign publications on the use of «kidney stone size» in children of different ages and the principles of substantiation of the term large kidney stone. 320 histories of percutaneous nephrolitholopaxy (PNL) from 2008-2019 were retrospectively and perspectively analyzed. aged from 1 to 17 years, the average age of patients is 6.6 years. The average calculus size was 26 (15-58) mm. Number of patients in different age groups: toddlers 1-3 y/o – 73, pre-school child 3-5 y/o. – 71, school child 6-12 y/o – 79, adoloscents 12-18 y/o – 97. By type of calculus: single –125 (39.1%), multiple – 68 (21.3%), K1, K2 – 46 (14.3%), K3, K4 – 81 (25.3%). The weight of the patients ranged from 8–94 kg, the average weight was 21 kg, the height was from 73–180 cm, and the average height was 120 cm. The length of the child's kidney depends on his age, the formula for calculating the length of the kidney (cm) = 6.79 + 0.22 x age (g)) Result. KSS-CDA: Kidney stone size in children different ages was proposed: KSS-CDA = (stone size (mm)/the kidney length (mm))*100%. KSS-CDA makes the interpretation of the size of kidney stones in children from different age groups objective. The definition of \"Large\" kidney stone is used if the size of the stone is 20% or more of the longitudinal size of the kidney in children. For example, a child is 1 year 7 months old, the stone is 15 mm, the length of the kidney is 69 mm. The SSEF is 21.74%, this kidney stone can be described as «large». The «medium» stone size is 10-20% (6-14 mm), small <10% (6 mm). Conclusion. The presented study is the first in domestic and foreign literature, during which the age characteristics of children were taken into account. The reason for the reduction in the lower limit of kidney stone size used to select surgical treatment in children compared with current recommendations was explained. For the first time, KS","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129571409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of biometric parameters of the upper urinary tract for planning the surgical methods of nephrolithiasis treatment.","authors":"V. V. Rogachikov, A. Kudryashov, D. N. Ignatiev, A. S. Sotnikov, K. Grigorieva, D. Popov","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-70-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-70-77","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The prevalence of urolithiasis (ICD) reaches 5-20% with an annual increase. Endoscopic methods play a leading role in the surgical treatment of urolithiasis. The aim of the surgery is the achievement of stone free status without complications. The technological progress has led to the development of computer programs for visualization before the surgery, which have been used to assess the topography, skeletotopy, anatomy of the renal cavity system, structural features and angioarchitectonics. Aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous interventions using the biometric planning method. Materials and methods. We analyzed the treatment results of 120 patients who were underwent percutaneous interventions for nephrolithiasis in the period from 2019 to 2021. The main method of preoperative examination was multispiral computer tomography (MSCT) with 3D reconstruction and biometric assessment of anatomical parameters. Results. Single kidney stones were detected in 45 patients, multiple – in 24, coral-shaped – in 51 patients. The growth of microflora in urine culture was noted in 64 cases. The average time of X-ray screening was 20.5 minutes (7-34 minutes). The average duration of surgery is 110 minutes (65-240 minutes). Complete purification of the calyx-pelvic system from concretions was achieved in 78% of patients. Complications were detected in 21 (17.5%) patients, 52% of them – grade I-II on the Clavien-Dindo scale. The optimal parameters for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in monotherapy mode were determined: lower polar anatomy – neck length < 2 cm, width > 0,5 cm, lower cervical-pelvic angle > 70°, lower cervical-frontal angle >135°; upper polar anatomy – single calyx, calyx neck length < 2 cm, width calyx necks > 1,0 cm, upper cervical-cervical angle > 135°, upper cervical-frontal angle >135°; anatomy of the central segment – A1. Discussion. The creation of a morphometric model makes it possible to define the stages of surgery, reduce the risks of complications, increase the efficiency and safety of the procedure. Conclusion. Currently the use of biometric parameters before percutaneous and endoscopic intrarenal interventions is the most effective method of virtual planning, which allows to free the urinary tract from the maximum volume of stone and return the patient to a full life in the shortest possible time.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"155-156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133738988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal tubular acidosis as one of the causes of urolithiasis.","authors":"N. V. Anokhin, M. Prosyannikov, Sergey Golovanov, O. Konstantinova, D. Voytko, A. Sivkov","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-60-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-60-69","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The lithogenesis causes study is extremely important for the surgical treatment tactics determining and for urolithiasis metaphylaxis. Materials and methods. It was used data published in the PubMed databases, the scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru, and on the website of the European Association of Urology. Results. According to modern concepts of the lithogenesis, urolithiasis is a polyetiological and polypathognomonic disease. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is the most studied tubulopathy leading to stone formation. Present literature review introduce genetic mutations, describes diseases and conditions leading to urolithiasis and RTA. We have given in detail the features of the urolithiasis course in RTA patients. Methods for RTA diagnosing, features of drug therapy and urolithiasis metaphylaxis in RTA patients, and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy are in a special place in the review. Conclusion. It is important for a practicing urologist to remember that distal RCA may be one of the causes of lithogenesis in patients with recurrent urolithiasis. The main diagnostic criteria are specific changes in the parameters of the biochemical analysis of blood, daily urine, as well as specific indicators of urine pH.","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116708273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropenis: principles of diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"N. V. Ivanov, S.V. Vykhodtsev, A. I. Fedorova","doi":"10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-78-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-4-78-85","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The review article presents a hot topic of modern endocrinology and andrology: micropenis. The article provides information on genetic syndromes that are accompanied by micropenia. Materials and methods. 40 literature sources were selected on the relevant topic, which will allow generalizing the knowledge of the world scientific community on the problem of micropenia. Results. Currently, the micropenis is considered as a symptom of an endocrinological disease associated with a violation of the synthesis or action of androgens. Unfortunately, in most cases, the cause of micropenis cannot be determined. State \"idiopathic micropenis\" occupies a leading position in the classification of causes of micropenis. Despite the success of modern hormone replacement therapy (testosterone or dihydrotestosterone), which in most cases can solve this problem in childhood, adult patients with micropenia already need surgical urological care. Boys and adult men with a micropenis often suffer from anxiety-depressive disorders due to concerns about the size of the penis. This entails social and family disability, which is associated with psychological and sexual problems. The article provides information on genetic syndromes that are accompanied by micropenia. The results of modern clinical studies of the use of androgens to correct the micropenis in boys in the period before puberty, as well as in young men, are discussed. Conclusion. The problem of micropenis is formed by a wide range of conditions and requires an interdisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of a whole team of specialists: endocrinologist (pediatric endocrinologist), andrologist surgeon, geneticist, sexologist","PeriodicalId":123040,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Сlinical Urology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122212503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}