Micropenis: principles of diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract

Introduction. The review article presents a hot topic of modern endocrinology and andrology: micropenis. The article provides information on genetic syndromes that are accompanied by micropenia. Materials and methods. 40 literature sources were selected on the relevant topic, which will allow generalizing the knowledge of the world scientific community on the problem of micropenia. Results. Currently, the micropenis is considered as a symptom of an endocrinological disease associated with a violation of the synthesis or action of androgens. Unfortunately, in most cases, the cause of micropenis cannot be determined. State "idiopathic micropenis" occupies a leading position in the classification of causes of micropenis. Despite the success of modern hormone replacement therapy (testosterone or dihydrotestosterone), which in most cases can solve this problem in childhood, adult patients with micropenia already need surgical urological care. Boys and adult men with a micropenis often suffer from anxiety-depressive disorders due to concerns about the size of the penis. This entails social and family disability, which is associated with psychological and sexual problems. The article provides information on genetic syndromes that are accompanied by micropenia. The results of modern clinical studies of the use of androgens to correct the micropenis in boys in the period before puberty, as well as in young men, are discussed. Conclusion. The problem of micropenis is formed by a wide range of conditions and requires an interdisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of a whole team of specialists: endocrinologist (pediatric endocrinologist), andrologist surgeon, geneticist, sexologist