Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Heat on Velocity and Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Fluid in a Pipe with a Laminar Flow","authors":"Madhav Poudel","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v3i1.46970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v3i1.46970","url":null,"abstract":"The study of flow of liquids in a circular pipe has been studied for a long time. The theoretical and numerical analysis of viscous fluid is very important in the field of physics, engineering and even in medicine. In any fluid flow, the Napier-Stokes equation are very important to study the nature of flow. On the basis of Reynold number, the flow is either classified as laminar or turbulent. When the heat is supplied to a circular pipe with a liquid having laminar flow, the velocity, rate of flow of volume, temperature gradient, etc. are changed. This study aims to investigate the change in velocity, pressure drop, frictional factor and temperature distribution in the thermal layer across the liquid in the laminar flow. Various boundary conditions are assumed and the conservation of energy, momentum are also considered.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130641490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Vehicle Anti-Lock Braking System with Fuzzy Logic, Bang-Bang and PID Controllers","authors":"Prashant Lakhemaru, S. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v3i1.46941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v3i1.46941","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a mathematical model of Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) has been developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment using bang-bang, fuzzy logic and PID controllers. The controllers were used to control the braking force to be applied based on various parameters like relative slip, road condition and coefficient of friction between road and tire. The simulated result was compared and analyzed. The simulation result showed that a PID controller would take 9.665 seconds to stop the vehicle at the distance of 434.902 ft at an initial velocity of 88 ft/s. The Fuzzy Logic, Bang-Bang and no controllers offered 935.298 ft at 16.76 seconds, 696.996 ft at 13.751 seconds and 1421.327 ft at 24.217 seconds, respectively for the same initial velocity and road surface. From analysis, it was concluded that the PID controller had better performance compared to fuzzy logic and bang-bang controllers for application of ABS in a vehicle.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Emission Characteristics of Jatropha Biodiesel Blends in a Direct Injection CI Engine","authors":"K. Bhatta, R. Karna, A. Jha, S. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43393","url":null,"abstract":"The Jatropha seed oil is non edible, contains high amount of oil and less expensive feedstock. So, in this study a methyl ester biodiesel was produced from Jatropha seed oil following two step transesterification process using methanol, sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The effect of Jatropha biodiesel blends and petroleum-based diesel on the performance and emission of four strokes, naturally aspired, water cooled and a direct injection diesel engine at five engine loads with a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm were examined. The physical and thermal properties of 20 % Jatropha-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (JB20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and found to be within the standard. The engine performance parameters for biodiesel blends such as Indicated Power (IP), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Torque, Mechanical Efficiency (ME) and Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGR) were obtained and compared   with diesel fuel. At higher load, the IP of 15 % Jatropha-biodiesel and 85 % diesel (JB15) is lower than diesel and other blends. BTE of 10 % Jatropha-biodiesel and 90% diesel (JB10) increases to 5 % mainly on 50 % loading condition and at higher loading BTE of diesel is higher than jatropha biodiesel blends. For Jatropha biodiesel blends SFC was 19 % higher than diesel but at high load, SFC was nearly same for all test fuels. Mechanical efficiency of JB15 was found to be 18 % higher than diesel at higher loading. The highest exhaust gas temperature was 352.46 0C, 358.61 0C, 353.51 0C and 343.79 0C for diesel, JB10, JB15 and JB20, respectively at 3kW loading. Also, experimental results show that the smoke opacity reduced by 31.6 % with JB20 compared to diesel. From the fuel property, engine performance and emission characteristics, it is concluded that the Jatropha biodiesel up to 20 % can be blended with diesel and can be used as an alternative fuel in existing diesel engine without any modification.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129444085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical and Numerical Approach for Estimating Geometry and Performance of Thrust Generating Combustion Chamber","authors":"Aplesh Kumar Mahato, Dinanath Sharma, Niraj Bhaatt, Rajesh Koirala, Durga Bastakoti","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43501","url":null,"abstract":"The thrust generation capacity of any propulsion system is heavily dependent upon the geometry, flow, and performance parameters of the system. The performance parameters include temperature, pressure, and velocity estimations at the critical the locations of the systems. For the estimation of geometry and performance of thrust generating combustion chamber analytical and numerical approaches are used. Cases of under-expansion and perfectly expansion for nozzle is analysed with the theoretical calculation from which length and diameter of chamber, throat diameter, nozzle exit area are calculated and obtained as 70 mm, 70.67 mm, 21 mm and 150 mm2, respectively for the case of under-expansion. Likewise, pressures and temperatures in the chamber, throat, and exit of the nozzle are obtained as 71.4556 bar, 40.3 bar, 59.546 bar, and 2243 K, 2238 K, 1103.511 K respectively. This also yielded that the exhaust velocity is supersonic with the value of 476.1 m/s. Values obtained for the case of perfectly expanded nozzle suggests that the geometrical dimensions of nozzles are highly reduces, performance parameters are almost the same and the exhaust velocity is increased by more than 300 %.  Numerical modeling in ANSYS Fluent was performed based on the values suggested by theoretical approach.  Results of numerical modeling were in close resemblance with that of the theoretical approach suggesting validation of the simulation. Pressure, temperatures and velocities at different locations within the combustion chamber are also obtained from numerical modeling.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"1103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122919013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Home Automation System using Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency Technique","authors":"C. Chaudhary, Alisha Kshetri, Sujay Lal Shrestha, K. Chapagain","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v2i2.44116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i2.44116","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of modern wireless technology and the advancement in the field of automation, a cost-effective home automation system to operate remotely located electrical appliances has been designed. The several technologies to design an automation system are identified and studied in the literature. Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) technology has been identified to develop an automation system that can depict the picture of automation. The technology is identified to help elderly or physically challenged individuals to control the home appliances remotely. Thus, the DTMF automation technology has been implemented in a system. The study also focuses on saving energy by remotely switching the appliances on the state or off state as required. Android-based applications (Apps) has been implemented for simplicity. The app provides a convenient way to switch the appliances and lights on and off as required. This data from the app is further decoded and stored in the flip-flop and is used to trigger the relay through relay drivers. Based on the signal or the touch tones, the appliances are controlled. The system thus designed provides a wide range of coverage as it can be controlled remotely from any corner of the world with the availability of a GSM network.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128587389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Manning's Roughness Coefficient in Bijayapur Irrigation Canal, Kaski, Nepal","authors":"A. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43243","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge in irrigation canal is to be determined for the proper allocation of water to the fields as per the crop-water requirement. Manning’s roughness coefficient is one of the major important parameters for estimating discharge in open channel. The purpose of this research is to determine Manning’s roughness coefficient in open channel flow by means of measuring velocity, cross-section, bed slope using Manning’s equation. It also discusses how it varies along with various aspects of channel geometry and draws useful conclusion from the analysis. The investigation was carried out in the Bijayapur Irrigation System which is situated in Kaski district of Nepal. The velocity was measured using current-meter and discharge was calculated from the area velocity methods. Roughness coefficient was calculated using the Manning’s equations for the uniform flow in open channel. The average value of Manning’s roughness coefficient at Sakneri and Bijayapur computed from this study was found 0.028 and 0.037, respectively. The roughness coefficient, however, being a parameter representing the integrated effects of the channel cross-sectional resistance, the result of this study shows the higher value of roughness coefficient for the material (cement rubble masonry) used in the construction of canal. The higher value of roughness coefficient might be due to uneven bed and poor condition of banks as observed during the study. The greater value of roughness coefficient definitely reduces discharge which leads to the tail end deprivation in the command area.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132817247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Formula to Estimate Precipitation at Ungauged Location and Analysis of Rainfall Pattern: Case Study for Rastra Bank Chowk, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"K. Basnet, Kabita Poudel","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43240","url":null,"abstract":"Pokhara receives the second highest amount of rainfall in the country, according to Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. The rainfall distribution within this small region is random. The precipitation in Pokhara is measured from limited rain gauge stations. For understanding the spatial variation, it is necessary to access the daily rainfall data at the gauged as well as ungauged stations.  In view of this problem, this study is aimed at developing the formula to estimate the rainfall value at an ungauged station, Rastrabank Chowk Pokhara using the calibration and validation method. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data of the sample station was measured using standard rain gauge for a period of four months from May 13, 2020 to September 15, 2020. The analysis of the spatial distribution and variation of daily rainfall at meteorological stations as well as sample station was done to select the data for the development of the formula. Calibration and validation of formula was performed for equal period using the statistical indices NSE, R2 and PBIAS. Calibration was performed using rainfall data of available meteorological stations of Pokhara in the first two consecutive months. From the numerous hit and trial procedures, the equation developed with rainfall data of Airport and Malepatan stations comprising of three constant values were obtained with the highest NSE and R2. PBIAS value was then calculated for maximum NSE and R2. In the next phase, validation of the equation for other two months (14 July- 15 September,2020) was performed to obtain maximum possible value of NSE and R2 and a smaller value of PBIAS. The equation was obtained with 0.980 NSE, 0.980 R2 and 6.437 % PBIAS value which indicated good agreement between observed and predicted rainfall value. Spatial rainfall pattern analysis using SURFER model demonstrated that there was a homogenous distribution of rainfall in Malepatan, Airport and sample stations. The temporal trend showed that the month July of 2020 had a higher amount of precipitation at Pokhara valley. From the HYSPLIT model, it was observed that the rainfall events in Pokhara valley was due to westerlies dominance. This study would provide the rainfall estimation techniques and hence would significantly contribute to meteorological investigations and water resource planning.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122818872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}