Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Concrete with Various Proportions of Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate","authors":"Aashis Malla, N. Kc, R. Aryal, B. R. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62186","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is the most dynamic engineering material in construction due to its durability and strength  properties, which have been used in almost all types of physical infrastructure construction. Crushed stone dust is a supplementary material that can be utilized to produce sustainable concrete. The concept of replacing natural fine aggregate in concrete production with stone dust (SD) could enhance the consumption of stone dust produced during aggregate production as well as reduce the requirement for landfill area for stone dust management. The study aims to compare the compressive strength of nominal mixed M20 and M25-grade concrete by replacing fine aggregates with stone dust. The results reveal that compressive strength increases with an increase in stone dust, but the rise in SD percentages beyond a certain level has a negative impact on the strength of concrete. However, fresh density has a similar trend of compressive strength, and the workability of concrete shows a declining trend with a rise in SD levels. From the results of the experimental investigations conducted, it is concluded that the SD can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 40% replacement of fine aggregate by SD gives a maximum compressive strength than normal M20 and M25 grade concrete, which starts decreasing beyond 40% replacement. The compressive strength of the concrete has been quantified by replacing sand with varying percentages of stone dust and found that it does not satisfy the specification except for 40% replacement for M20 grade concrete, though it can be used for low and medium strength concrete production. The cost savings for M20 and M25-grade concrete at 40% sand replacement are 8.23% and 7.62%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"57 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Health and Safety Status of Public and Private Building Construction Projects in Pokhara","authors":"Sujan Adhikari, Om Prakash Giri","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62189","url":null,"abstract":"Health and safety (H&S) in the construction industry encompasses a set of principles, regulations, practices, and measures designed to safeguard the well-being and safety of construction teams within construction environments. Developing countries like Nepal lag in establishing and implementing robust H&S regulations, impacting overall project performance. This research assesses the H&S status in public and private building construction projects within Pokhara Valley, Nepal. One private and one public project were selected for the investigation. After conducting a thorough literature review and consulting key informants, a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed for efficient data collection. Findings revealed that H&S aspects in privately and publicly owned building construction projects. Privately owned projects underscored effective ventilation, hard hats, and daily safety briefings are significant factors. Slip, trip, and fall incidents are major accident causes, highlighting the importance of proper lighting. Public projects emphasized ventilation, hard hats, and safety rules, with toolbox talks and qualified team members deemed critical. Slip, trip, and fall incidents remained the primary accidents, and safety signs played a pivotal role. These findings offer essential guidance for policymakers and construction managers to enhance H&S practices in diverse construction environments.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"95 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Rock Mass Classification Systems: A Case Study of Nagdhunga-Naubisea Road Tunnel","authors":"Parkash Chandra Joshi","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62183","url":null,"abstract":"Ground classification systems have been widely used to characterize the soil or rock mass for the analysis and design of underground structures. Deformation characteristics of rock mass around the underground excavation boundary varies according to types of rock and their properties, in situ stress condition and types of support used. Broadly used classification systems for underground structures are Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Rock Quality Index (Q- Systems) but in-case of the Nagdhunga-Naubisea road tunnel Nippon Expressway Company Limited used NEXCO-System. Literally, the NEXCO classification is based on the velocity of elastic wave, geological condition, boring core condition, competence factor, stability of tunnel face and convergence. However, in-case of Nagdhunga-Naubisea road tunnel, grade point is computed using the similar parameters that are used in RMR- System and Q-System. This research focuses about comparison between ground classification from RMR, Q-system and NEXCO system. The geological descriptions obtained from project office at chainages (0+497 to 0+502), (0+508 to 0+513), (0+581.8 to 0+587.8) and (0+584.2 to 0+590.2) were used to correlate the relationship between RMR, Q-system and NEXCO system of rock mass classification systems. Results showed that from RMR, the ground classification is “poor” at all the chainages whereas from Q-system is “very poor” at chainage (0+508 to 0+513) and “poor” at other chainages. Similarly, from NEXCO- system it was found that “DII” at chainages (0+497 to 0+502) and (0+508 to 0+513) and CII for chainages (0+581.8 to 0+587.8) and (0+584.2 to 0+590.2). These results revealed that the ground classification from NEXCO as DII is similar to poor from RMR and poor or very poor from Q system where as CII from NEXCO is similar to poor from both RMR and Q system.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"59 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floodplain mapping of an ungauged river: A case study on Seti River in Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"K. Basnet, Deepak Acharya, Krishna Prasad Bhandari, Suraj Lamichhane, B. B. Sadadev","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62185","url":null,"abstract":"Settlements and infrastructures along the banks of Seti River in Pokhara, Nepal are at high risk of flood. Floodplain mapping for ungauged Seti River is not straightforward like the one for gauged rivers. Main goal of this study was to prepare floodplain maps along the ungauged Seti River in Pokhara, as a case study, using one-dimensional HEC-RAS model. First, catchment area ratio (CAR) method was applied to find annual flow in ungauged Seti River based on flow data of gauged Mardi station. Once the annual maximum flow was estimated for sufficient time length (i.e., 42 years), peak flood was predicted using Gumbel method for various reaches of Seti River within Pokhara. Thus, estimated peak floods were also compared with the peak floods predicted using Gumbel method based on the annual flow data of Tanahu station. As the specific discharge observed to be comparable with each other (difference ≤ 2.68%), CAR method found be a reliable one that is useful for ungauged river. Then, Cowan’s approach was applied to estimate Manning’s roughness coefficient (n) and used it for calibration of HEC-RAS model. Cowan approach found to be a best alternative for ungauged river as the comparison of modelled flow depth with measured flow depth yielded only 3.82% difference. Finally, 1D hydraulic modelling was performed using calibrated HEC-RAS model with available 12.5 m resolution DEM terrain data. Floodplain maps were prepared based on the HEC-RAS simulation results coupled with Google Earth map. The flood inundation area within Pokhara was found to be 2.76, 3.05, and 3.59 Km2 for the peak flood of 20, 50, and 100 years return periods, respectively. Moreover, Laltin Bazar and Gaighat areas were identified to be at high risk of flood such that these areas found to be inundated with 20 or greater years return period floods, compared to Ramghat area which was observed to be flooded with the peak flood of 50 or more years return period. Floodplain maps of this study could be used for preparing flood hazard maps, planning infrastructures, and flood management.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"52 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Causes of Dissatisfaction of Construction Labour: A Case Study of Building Construction of Jajarkot District Hospital, Nepal","authors":"Bikash Bista, Uttam Neupane, Subash Kumar Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62188","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry in Nepal is a significant contributor to the country's economy, but it faces challenges related to construction labor’s dissatisfaction. This study focuses on identifying the causes of dissatisfaction of construction labour during the building construction in Jajarkot. The primary objective of this study is to pinpoint and dissect the critical challenges that confront construction workers and, more importantly, to propose strategies aimed at enhancing their job satisfaction. The ultimate goal is to catalyse improvements in overall productivity and the successful completion of construction projects in the region. The study uses a mixed-method approach, including questionnaire, reports and research papers to gather data. The research identifies several key factors contributing to labour dissatisfaction, including delayed payment, inadequate compensation, inadequate wages, unsafe working conditions, excessive working hours and insufficient safety measures. These issues have a direct impact on construction labour motivation, affects their morale and well-being, leading to unhappiness, reduced productivity and reduced work excellence. The key recommendations include timely payments, improving compensation, enhancing working conditions, offering career growth prospects, promoting open communication, and recognizing workers' contributions. By adopting these measures, the construction industry can foster a positive work environment, leading to increased productivity and timely project completion.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Road and Bridge Projects under Road Division Pokhara","authors":"Kiran Subedi, N. Baral","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62184","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused social disruption and altered the global economic perspective. The construction sector plays an essential role in the worldwide economy, drawing upon a diverse array of resources within regional economies. Since the COVID-19 outburst in Nepal, it has been a really difficult task for the construction sector to initiate a project or to continue running at a normal pace. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the road and bridge project under the road division Pokhara. About 52 respondents comprised contractors and client/consulting agencies at different structure questionnaires compatible with the requirement of the study were recorded. As a result, the eight most important factors were ranked based on the severity of the effect and prioritization of multiple factors on the project due to the pandemic. Obtained responses from consultant and contractor representatives, it was found that the factors beyond the control of projects, transportation shutdown were ranked first followed by the shortage of labor under manpower factor and others. This paper observes the actual severity of the various factors regarding construction projects due to the corona virus and will also lead to better management in upcoming pandemics. The results of this study establish the groundwork for future researchers and practitioners by offering suggestions for how to prioritize and re-organize work plans, workplace management, and strategies for unforeseen circumstances.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Approach on the Effectiveness of Hydraulic Flocculator Followed By Sedimentation and Rapid Sand Filter","authors":"Hari Ram Pyakurel, Nam Raj Khatri, Basant Lekhak","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i2.62187","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the effectiveness of a hydraulic flocculator at the Kalanki Groundwater Treatment Project-Sipradi in Kalanki-Kathmandu. Hydraulic flocculation is a cost-effective alternative to mechanical flocculation, particularly beneficial for developing nations. The study involved determining the optimal Poly Aluminium Chloride (PACl) dosage through Jar Testing and assessing the flocculator's efficiency in the field with this dose. The research also analyzed other treatment units under various PACl doses to evaluate the Water Treatment Plant's operational conditions and the required PACl dose for efficient turbidity removal. The system included components like a deep well source, V-Notch weir tank, hydraulic flocculator, sedimentation tank, rapid sand filter (RSF), chlorinator, and clear water reservoir, with a 16-minute flocculator detention time. Baffle walls were strategically positioned at various intervals on-site. The study revealed that while sedimentation with coagulation achieved peak efficiency at a PACl dose of 80mg/l, it was less efficient than a 16-minute jar detention, likely due to sedimentation tank short-circuiting. Increasing the PACl dose from 20 mg/l to 80 mg/l improved overall unit efficiency, indicating the need for more mixing energy in the existing flocculator length for optimal results. The filter unit's efficiency remained consistent, whether with or without coagulation, at 57.69% and 54.10%, respectively. These results emphasize the importance of further investigation to enhance water treatment processes and coagulant dosages for improved effectiveness in this critical field.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"22 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength of Cement Treated Base Courses in the Flexible Pavement Design for Pathlaiya- Nijgadh Section of East-West Highway of Nepal","authors":"N. Kc, R. Aryal, B. R. Joshi, P. B. Shahi","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i1.56870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i1.56870","url":null,"abstract":"Rutting and fatigue are the most common pavement distresses that are caused due to overloading, subgrade strength, and poor construction quality. The strength of the pavement layer can be improved by the construction of cement-treated layers. This study suggested that the cement-treated base is the effective modification technique for a granular base course by evaluating the unconfined compressive strength, and modulus of rupture. The unconfined compressive strength revealed that a cement-treated base is an effective treatment for the improvement of strength. Similarly, flexural strength indicated that a cement-treated base is an effective method to reduce the fatigue damage of the base course, and 5% cement content is sufficient to resist crack formation on the base course. 5.34% cement content in CTB developed a stiff mix with a stronger ability towards applied load dispersion that can resists deformation. In the meantime, unconfined compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity obtained at 5.34% cement content on a cement-treated base satisfied the minimum requirement as set by the Department of Roads, Government of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128773157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Aerated Lightweight Mortar Using Aluminium Powder and Local Materials","authors":"Ramesh Kumar Paikara, Tek Raj Gyawali","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i1.56868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i1.56868","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional burnt clay bricks are still mostly used as building materials for both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls in Nepal. The use of brick walls not only increases the dead loads on the structures but also becomes the main cause of casualties during the earthquake. This paper describes the development of an alternative lightweight mortar using aluminium powder to replace the bricks. The base mixture of the mortar was experimentally determined and the properties were studied with the ranging content of the aluminium powder by weight of cement. The result showed a decrease in the density and compressive strength but an increase in the water absorption while increasing aluminium powder content. The density was possible to decrease by about 52% with the use of 0.9% aluminium powder. The decrease was very less while increasing the aluminium content from 0.6% to 0.9%. The 28-day compressive strength was decreased by 59% and 63% at aluminium content of 0.6% and 0.9% respectively. With the achievement of a density of less than 1000 kg/m3 and a 28-day compressive strength of more than 7.5 MPa, the optimum content of the aluminium powder was 0.6%. The implementation of this result implies producing lightweight bricks, blocks and panels replacing the burnt clay bricks. It not only lightens the building structures and avoids the casualties during big earthquakes but also saves the environment by minimizing the carbon-di-oxide, avoids the degrading of agricultural soils and even minimizes the risk of climate change.  ","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114878949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Mixed-Mode Solar Tunnel Dryer for Buffalo Meat by Forced Convection","authors":"Siddhartha Paudel, Bibek Dhungana","doi":"10.3126/hijase.v4i1.56869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v4i1.56869","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of Nepal, the consumption, as well as preservation of meat products, has been in practice for ages. The primitive approach - open sun drying technique- a technique for preserving meat for longer, can contaminate the meat. In addition, the meat in direct contact with UV rays also degrades the quality of meat which may not be suitable for consumption. Exposing the meat to the open air causes the evaporation of its moisture, leading to a decline in flavour and an extended duration for the dehydration of the meat product. The alternative technique - mixed mode solar tunnel dryer - is a revolutionary method to undertake the challenges, which uses both solar heated air and direct solar energy. This paper majorly includes the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a solar mixed-mode tunnel dryer by forced convection for buffalo meat. The purposed system was designed for drying 4 kg of meat for humid sub-tropical climatic conditions with an estimated design drying time of 7 hrs 44 mins. The designed system includes a collector of area 2 m2, a drying chamber, and a DC fan. The recorded parameters were incident solar irradiance, air temperature, relative humidity of the air, and moisture content of meat at equal intervals. Reducing the moisture content in buffalo meat to 26.78% by weight in the month of November, took a total of 14 hrs with maximum collector efficiency of 29.79%.","PeriodicalId":122917,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122243513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}