{"title":"Assessment of Anti–Gliadin (IgA & IgG), Thyroid Stimulating Hormon and Growth Hormon Level in Celiac Disease Patients in Erbil City – IRAQ","authors":"Zaid N. Elia, S. Hussain, Nisreen W. Mustafa","doi":"10.24271/GARMIAN.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/GARMIAN.166","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune human leukocyte antigen HLA–linked enteropathy that develop upon ingestion of gluten containing diet, withdiarrhea, malabsorption and weight loss as a major presentation.The disease is closely linked to a number of extra intestinal disorderespecially endocrine diseases. This study aimed to assess level of thyroidstimulation hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) level in patients with newlydiagnosed (ND) CD and on gluten free diet (GFD)A total of 26/50 newly diagnosed celiac disease patients and 20 on GFDdiagnosed clinically and confirmed serologically using anti-gliadin IgA and IgG(IgA for diagnosis newly diagnosed and IgG for diagnosis of patients on GFD)were subjected to TSH and GH level assessment.The anti-gliadin IgA and IgG were positive in 82% with celiac patients and80% on GFD patients. Among children , 82.14% of newly diagnosed and 85.71%on GFD were IgA and IgG anti-gliadin seropositive, while in adults, 81.82% and76.92 % of newly diagnosed and on GFD were IgA and IgG anti-gliadinseropositive respectively. The results revealed elevated TSH level in sera of 80.77% and 30% of CDand on GFD patients respectively; meanwhile GH level was low in 73.07% and10% of CD and GFD patients respectively. The frequency CD patients revealedTSH elevation and low GH in the same patient was 69.23 % and 10% in CD and onGFD patients respectively.As a result, the present study delineated simultaneous occurrence and linkagebetween CD disease and subclinical hypothyroidism. Beside assessment of GHlevel in CD patients is necessary as marker for disorder of pituitary gland, possiblyof autoimmune origin.In newly diagnosed and patients on GFD patients, no significant correlation existsbetween anti-gliadin antibodies, TSH & GH level. Meanwhile significantcorrelation was found between TSH & GH in ND (r= - 0.568, P=0.002) & GFD (r=- 0.702, P= 0.001).","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77391947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing a scale to measure students’ attitudes towards fanaticism","authors":"Karim Alzangana","doi":"10.24271/garmian.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.87","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to develop a scale to evaluate students’ attitudes towardsfanaticism. In order to do this, the researcher composed a questionnaire of 64 items. Theformat of the questionnaire corresponded to the five-point Likert Scale: 1 strongly agree; 2agree; 3 slightly agree; 4 strongly disagree; and 5 disagree. The research sample consisted of23 undergraduate students from the University of Leicester. The research tool was an onlinequestionnaire distributed through the.EPR system. Participants completed the questionnaire inreturn for course credit. Results of statistical analysis, obtained through the use of StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS), were as follows. The internal reliability (Cronbach’sAlpha) of the final structure of the scale, which consisted of 20 items, was calculated to beα=.834. Statistical analysis (principal components analysis, orthogonal approach, Varimaxmethod) resulted in the following three factors: factor 1,“Fanaticism and social security” (8items highly loaded on this factor); factor 2, “Religious fanaticism” (9 items highly loaded onthis factor); factor 3, “Fanaticism and absolute views” (3 items highly loaded on this factor).These three factors explained 52.516% of the variance.Fanaticism is an internal feeling which causes an individual to believe that his/heropinions and ideas are permanently on the right side of truth. Fanatics simply do not acceptthe need for debate and view people with different opinions to their own as presenting a threatto their values and beliefs. Fanatical beliefs can result in discrimination and sometimesaggressive behaviour towards people who hold alternative opinions and beliefs.Fanaticism is a serious social and psychological issue which could present a significant \u0000risk to the community: “Fanatical beliefs may possibly lead to a nuclear holocaust in the not-too-distant future” (Ellis, 1986). Investigating intolerance and fanaticism from a \u0000psychological and social standpoint using scientific research could help to identify some ofthe causal factors related to these phenomena. Ultimately, this research could help to achieverecognition accuracy ‘More effective recognition and a clearer understanding of fanaticism,thereby making it easier to deal with and, potentially, reducing its impact on society. \u0000Fanaticism is one of the most prevalent social and psychological phenomena in theworld today. There has been no community that has not been affected by some form offanaticism. Although the phenomenon of fanaticism is linked to various political and religiousideas and beliefs, it can manifest in many different areas of human activity. Marimaa (2011)pointed out that fanaticism is a universal phenomenon which can appear in any sphere ofhuman activity.A fanatic is someone who holds certain views or ideas that he or she believes to beabsolutely true; doubts are never entertained. Such a person tends to view those with differentviews as evil or even, in some way","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78469688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"الموقع الجغرافي لمنطقة الكُرد الفيّلين وأثره على العلاقات العراقية الإيرانية","authors":"خليل اسماعيل محمد","doi":"10.24271/GARMIAN.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/GARMIAN.51","url":null,"abstract":"مپل البحوپ والدراسات الخاصه بالعلاقات الإقلیمیه والدولیه، أهمیه متمیزه، فی ڤل ما شهده العراق من متغیرات سیاسیه وعسکریه واقتصادیه متتالیه، بدو من قیام الدوله العراقیه بعد الحرب العالمیه الأولى، ومرورا بانهیار النڤام الملکی على أپر پوره تموز 1958م، وانتهاو بالتغیرات التی اعقبت الاحتلال الأمریکی للعراق سنه 2003م. \u0000ولم تکن دول الجوار، ناهیک عن الدول الکبرى، بعیده عن مجریات أحداپ العراق السیاسیه والاقتصادیه والاجتماعیه، بل کانت وفی کپیر من الأحیان، تلعب دورا أساسیا فیها، الأمر الژی دفع بالباحپین والأکادیمیین، الاهتمام بها ومتابعتها، بهدف التعرف على انعکاساتها على العلاقات الدولیه والإقلیمیه للبلاد. \u0000ویمکن القول، بأن تفاعلات ترسیم الحدود الشرقیه، الأکپر تأپیرا على مجریات الأحداپ السیاسیه فی العراق خلال القرن الماچی، ولاسیما على العلاقات العراقیه-الإیرانیه، التی شهدت أزمات خگیره، على الصعیدین الاقتصادی والسیاسی، تفجرت فی بدایه الپمانینات من القرن المژکور، عن حرب چروس امتدت پمان سنوات، کلفت البلدین الکپیر من الخسائر المادیه والبشریه. \u0000وتمپل منگقه (الکرد الفیلین) موقعا ستراتیجیا، غایه فی الأهمیه من تلک الحدود، لیس فقگ لأنها تقترب فی هژه المنگقه من العاصمه العراقیه (بغداد)، وحسب، بل ولأن إیران تشرف من على مرتفعاتها على السهول الممتده باتجاه العاصمه المژکوره. مما جعل العراق، فی وچع لا یحسد علیه من الناحیتین العسکریه والأمنیه، بحیپ شکلت هژه المنگقه (هاجسا) دائما للقیادتین السیاسیه والعسکریه فی البلاد. انعکست على مجمل التغیرات التی گرأت على سکان المنگقه من جهه، وعلى العلاقات العراقیه-الإیرانیه، من جهه أخرى. \u0000تهدف هژه الدراسه، إلى تحلیل أهمیه الموقع الجغرافی لمنگقه الکرد الفیلین وما ترتب على ژلک من تأپیر على تگورات الأحداپ السیاسیه فی العراق. ولاسیما على العلاقات العراقیه-الإیرانیه، وما تمپله من مخاگر على مستقبل االبلاد. وتمپلت الدراسه بمحورین رئیسین هما: تحدید الموقع الجغرافی لمنگقه الدراسه، وأپر هژا الموقع على مسار العلاقات العراقیه-الإیرانیه، وما تمخچ عن ژلک من نتائج، انعکست على الأوچاع الأمنیه فی المنگقه","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87197679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"التّناص الإطاري قراءة في رواية ( قفل قلبي ) لـــ( تحسين كرمياني)","authors":"خليل علي","doi":"10.24271/GARMIAN.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/GARMIAN.60","url":null,"abstract":"قد لا یشتگ الباحپ أو یعدوالحقیقه بکپیر إژا ما أقر بأن پمه قفزه کبیره قد حصلت فی الفکر الإنسانی عموما والفکر النقدی خصوصا، مع التگورات التی شهدها القرن العشرین فـــــــــی المناهج النقدیه ؛ والتی تمخچت عن تنوع تلک المناهج وتعددها لإغناو النڤریه النقدیه بقصدالإهتداو الى مسارب جدیده لدراسه الإبداع الأدبی والفنی. ولم یعد من المستغرب اڵان ما ژهب إلیه (رینیه ویلیک) من ۆسم القرن العشرین بأنه یستحق صفه ( عصر النقد) دون ریب؛ لما شهده من پوره عارمه فی المناهج.فلقد أهدت إلینا المنڤومه الفکریه والنقدیه الحدیپه چمن مدونتها النقدیه مفهوم( التناص) لیحتل مرکزا بۆریا فی تلک المدونه ولیمپل قگب الرحى فی الفکر النقدی الحدیپ. تگمح هژه المداخله النقدیه المتواچعه چمنا إلى متابعه نشوو المصگلح فی حاچنته الأم بما یحقق غرچنا الأساس فی بیان ( التناص الإگاری) لیشکڵ اچافه معرفیه جدیده إلى أنماگ وأشکال التناص الأخرى فی بنیه النص الروائی،وکشف أبعاده الرۆیویه والفکریه ؛من خلال قـــــراوه خاصه لروایه ( قفل قلبی) للمبدع ( تحسین کرمیانی) ، بعیدا عن التخوف الژی قد یبدیه البعچ من موجه المناهج النقدیه الحدیپه ؛ لإرتباگها بێلیات معاێنه مباینه لما ألفه السیاق الپقافی منژ قرون عدیده، ولا سیما أن هژا النقد الحدیپ بدأ مسیرته فی مغایره ما کان سائدا من المناهج النقدیه السیاقیه، وبدأ سعیه الحپیپ لبناو منڤومه فکریه ونقدیه حدیپه تفید من المعارف المجاوره وصولا لتقریب النقد من العلم .","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78646146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introducing Some Traumas and PTSD among Yazidi Female Survivors from ISIS Army","authors":"Abas Qudrat Nazdar","doi":"10.24271/garmian.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.88","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The violence against women remains one of the most serious challenges of ourtimes. Sexual violence committed in armed conflicts has been termed “history’s greatest silence”is considered to be a central issue and a “top priority” in the work of the worldwide governments.The discrimination and the sexual abuse of Yazidi women and girls by the terrorist group ISIS inaugust 2014 in Sinjar is a horrible war crime against Yazidi people and an international tragediancrime in this era. Yazidi people especially their females have been through lots physical andpsychological traumas since ISIS attack, as a result of these and other violence acts they areexposed to physical problems and serious mental illnesses such as PTSD, depression and suicide,sleep disorders and eating disorders. The study aims to spot the light on some of the traumas thatYazidi female survivors faced with ISIS and to measure the prevalence of PTSD among thesurvivor Females. Method: a descriptive study with purposive sampling of (52) Yazidi femalesurvivors from ISIS have given the study questionnaire, which composed of somesociodemographic and general questions, and PTSD questionnaire, from September to November2016, in Yazidi camps in Duhok. A descriptive statistics was used to describe the results by(SPSS. 22). Results: the results have shown high percentages of the traumas that is faced byYazidi female survivors, (38.4) have hardly escaped from ISIS militants, (80.7) have lost at leastone member of their families, (76.9) exposed to physical violence, (61.5) exposed to sexualviolence, (84.6) exposed to violence by more than one person, and (75.0) of them have PTSDsymptoms. Recommendations: national and international interventions are required for themespecially for the victims of sexual violence, physical, social and psychological supports areneeded. Further studies and researches also required to assess their suffering and other possiblepsychological disorders.","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77866184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"البشنوي الكردي (ت456هـ) ــ حياته وما تبقى من شعره ــ","authors":"عبد الإله العرداوي, حيدر الأسدي","doi":"10.24271/garmian.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.61","url":null,"abstract":"الحمد لله رب العالمین والصلاة والسلام على خاتم الأنبیاء والمرسلین محمد الأمین صلى الله علیه وآله وسلم والهداة المیامین من آله الطیبین الطاهرین علیهم السلام ، وبعد : \u0000 فإن عمل التحقیق فیه کثیر من الجهد والمشقة ، ولکن ثمرة هذا الجهد تنضج بإخراج النص المحقق صحیحا کما وضعه مؤلفه ، لیفید به فی احیاء تراث السلف ، ولیکون بین أیدی الدارسین ینتفعون به ویفیدون \u0000وإن ارتبط ذلک المخطوط بمدونة شعریة تنتمی إلى عصر أدبی/العصر العباسی ارتقت فیه القریحة الشعریة بسبب تنوع المرجعیات الثقافیة /الفنیة للشعراء والتمظهر الأبرز للمذاهب الدینیة والمسائل العقدیة کانت له الحظوة والتقدیم لإحیائه ، والانتفاع به لیکون دیوانا محققا مضافا إلى الدواوین الشعریة العباسیة التی تزخر بها المکتبة العربیة . \u0000 والبشنوی الکردی من الشعراء الذین لم ینالوا حقهم من التحقیق والدراسة ، فهو من الشعراء الذین تمیزوا بجودة قریحتهم ،وقدرتهم الفائقة على حسن السبک وإصابة المعنى، فضلا عن أنه من الشعراء المجاهرین بحب آل البیت علیهم السلام . \u0000وأمام هذه الإشراقات المعرفیة کان لنا السبق فی جمع شعره وتحقیقه ،فکان أن وسم هذا البحث بـ ( البشنوی الکردی ــــ حیاته وما تبقى من شعره ـــــ ) . \u0000لقد کان هدف البحث أولا : هو جمع شعر البشنوی الکردی وتحقیقه تحقیقا علمیا ، وبذلک انتظم البحث على ثلاثة فصول، الفصل الأول الذی تضمن الحدیث عن ترجمة البشنوی الکردی وفیه عدة فقرات منها: البشنویة ونسبه وولادته وصفته وأخباره... . \u0000والفصل الثانی تناول منهج التحقیق ، والفصل الثالث کان الکلام فیه عن النص المحقق . \u0000 ثم جاءت الخاتمة التی کانت خلاصة لأهم النتائج خلال مسیرة البحث ، وأخیرا ثبت المصادر والمراجع . \u0000وختاما : هذا ما وفقنا الله الیه من لم شتات حیاة البشنوی الکردی وجمع شعره، فان أصبنا فهو منة من منن الله علینا ، وان أخطأنا فحسبنا الضعف والهوان ، وآخر دعوانا ان الحمد لله رب العالمین والعاقبة للمتقین","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86887461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"أحمد الحَمْد المندلاوي شاعراً","authors":"أمجد محمد شكر","doi":"10.24271/garmian.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.58","url":null,"abstract":"حمد الحمد المندلاوی شاعر کردی الأصل ، ولد فی مدینة مندلی وترعرع فیها ، ویعد - الآن - من أعلام الثقافة والأدب فیها. \u0000یهدف هذا البحث إلى التعریف بالشاعر ومنجزه عبر ثلاثة مباحث،ضم الأول نشأة الشاعر وعطاءه ، أما الثانی فتاول أغراض شعره ، وتطرق الثالث إلى الظواهر الأسلوبیة فی شعره . \u0000ویعتمد الباحث فی سبر أغوار بحثه على المجموعات الشعریة للشاعر ، و المراسلات والاتصالات المتبادلة عبر وسائل التواصل ، وبعض المقابلات الشخصیة التی یجریها الباحث بالشاعر بین الحین والآخر ، فضلا عن مصادر ومراجع أسهمت هی الأخرى فی بناء البحث ورص قواعده","PeriodicalId":12283,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86516387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}