Experimental Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Patterns of brain activity in choice or instructed go and no-go tasks.","authors":"Sanaz Attaripour Isfahani, Patrick McGurrin, Felipe Vial, Mark Hallett","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07027-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07027-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this study was to investigate the decision making process for choosing what movements to make. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate patterns of the contingent negative variation (CNV) associated with free-choice decisions to move or abstain, comparing them to conditions where actions were commanded. Our primary hypothesis was that choice tasks would differ significantly from each other and exhibit EEG patterns akin to their command-driven counterparts after the decisions were made, at least, in the 50 ms block of time prior to movement. A secondary analysis evaluated post hoc comparisons of time, in 50 ms blocks, to understand the temporal development of the CNV for each condition. We also conducted an exploratory analysis of EEG event-related desynchronization (ERD) to identify patterns of brain activity associated with the decision-making process. This approach was taken due to the exploratory nature of our hypotheses concerning the spatial and temporal characteristics of EEG activity during these free-choice versus commanded tasks. We studied 12 right-handed healthy volunteers (7 women, mean age 53 years, range 39-73 years) with no prior history of neurological or major psychiatric illness. A CNV paradigm encompassing commanded and choice tasks was devised, with a 2500 ms interval between S1 and S2, while recording EEG and electromyography (EMG). S1 provided full information about the upcoming task, which was to be executed at the time of S2. We assessed CNV and explored whole scalp EEG activity, including both voltage as well as power in the alpha and beta frequency ranges. Clear and similar CNVs were observed for command and choice go tasks prior to the movements, contrasting with near-zero CNVs for the command and choice no-go tasks. Separation of CNVs for command go and no-go tasks occurred around 1600 ms post-S1, and choice CNVs separated about 2150 ms post-S1. Exploratory analysis revealed that beta power provided information about decision and preparation processes much earlier. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) exhibited the initial sign of decision approximately 500 ms post-S1 for all tasks, with subsequent preparation for movement or restraint involving distinct activity in various brain regions. The localization of effects in the left DLPFC was determined by visual analysis of the informative electrode sites. The CNVs separate about 2 s after S1, and it appears that this process represents preparation for movement (or no movement). Exploration of the beta activity suggests an earlier decision process which leads eventually to subsequent task preparation and activation. Choice decisions lag slightly behind command decisions, with the CNV apparently reflecting motor implementation rather than the decision-making process. In a simple motor task with an exploratory analysis, both commanded and choice-based decisions are rapidly initiated in the left DLPFC. While the CNV distinguishes betwee","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effector selection precedes movement specification: evidence from repetition effects in motor planning.","authors":"Christian Seegelke, Tobias Heed","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07022-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07022-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor performance is influenced by movements that were performed shortly prior. For example, reaction times (RTs) for successive movements are reduced when executed with the same effector, even if the specifics of the consecutive movements differ. These findings have been taken to support the notion that repetition effects in motor planning reflect the involvement of effector-specific motor plans. However, previous studies have confounded motor and visual aspects of repetition: movements have typically been instructed via visual cues, and movement repetition, therefore, implied repeating also the visual cue, so that the latter may be (at least partly) responsible for the observed RT effects. In the present study, participants performed two movements in succession, a prime and a probe action, either with their left or right hand and in one of two directions, inward or outward relative to the body midline. We used different cues for prime and probe actions, so that movement repetitions did not involve repetition of the visual cue. Participants initiated successive same-limb movements faster than different-limb movements, but this RT advantage was smaller than observed in previous work. Moreover, repeating movement direction also led to a decrease in RT, though only in combination with hand repetition. Whereas these findings imply that visual cue repetition can contribute to accelerated RTs in movement repetition, they confirm that the recent motor history affects motor planning. Furthermore, they support the idea of a hierarchical framework of motor planning in which effector selection precedes specification of motor parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of gait speed changes during uneven terrain walking in older adults: differential roles of cognitive and sensorimotor function.","authors":"Valay A Shah, Yenisel Cruz-Almeida, Arkaprava Roy, Erta Cenko, Ryan J Downey, Daniel P Ferris, Chris J Hass, Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz, David J Clark, Todd M Manini, Rachael D Seidler","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07019-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07019-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many studies of walking function and aging have measured walking on flat surfaces with and without dual-tasking (i.e., performing a concurrent cognitive task). Walking in the community increases the complexity with surface undulations and varying surface types. We hypothesized that changes in walking resulting from increasing terrain unevenness would be better predicted by sensorimotor function than cognitive function. Sixty-three community-dwelling older adults (65-93 yrs old; 32 males) performed overground walking under four uneven terrain conditions (Flat, Low, Medium, and High unevenness). Cognitive (cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibition) and sensorimotor assessments (grip strength, 2-pt discrimination, pressure pain threshold) were measured as the primary predictors of walking performance. We found that walking speed decreased linearly with more elevated uneven terrain conditions across all participants; this was accentuated in older adults with lower mobility function. Greater rates of decline in walking speed from flat to uneven terrain were associated with worse attention and inhibitory function as well as lower 2-point tactile discrimination. Findings suggest that greater rates of decline with elevated terrain walking are associated with lower mobility function, lower executive functions and less somatosensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covariation of corticospinal excitability and the autonomous nervous system by virtual reality: the roller coaster effect.","authors":"Sidney Grosprêtre, Johanna Mathiot, Pauline Eon, Célia Ruffino","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07015-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07015-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer simulation of a three-dimensional environment, often displayed by means of a headset with integrated screens. While VR is known to consistently stimulate the autonomic nervous system, little is known regarding a possible effect on corticospinal excitability, or regarding a potential link between autonomous and voluntary nervous system modulations during VR. Fifteen healthy young participants were enrolled in a single-session experiment. They were seated in a comfortable chair and equipped with a VR headset that displayed a simulated roller coaster ride. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and cardiovascular markers (heart rate, heart rate variability) were monitored throughout the experiment. Corticospinal excitability was quantified by measuring the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP), elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation on the cortical representation of the right First Dorsal Interosseous (FDI) muscle. Results showed modulation in skin conductance, according to the phase of the roller coaster. Corticospinal excitability was increased during downhill and decreased during uphill phases, as compared to flat sections. The evolution of MEP/Mmax was concomitant and correlated to the evolution of GSR. No effect was observed on any of the cardiovascular markers. The present study showed that VR can be an efficient stimulus to modulate corticospinal excitability, even in the absence of a motor simulated situation. These data suggest a potential link between voluntary and autonomic nervous system regulation during VR of stressful situations. This study highlights the attractiveness of VR as an efficient stressor for both autonomous and motor systems, in sport training and in rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can visual acceleration evoke a sensation of tilt?","authors":"Laurence R Harris, Björn Jörges, Nils Bury, Meaghan McManus, Ambika Bansal, Robert S Allison, Michael Jenkin","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07023-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07023-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under the microgravity of the International Space Station, many of the normal processes that determine the perceptual upright on Earth are disrupted. For example, somatosensory cues are absent and an applied physical linear acceleration can provide an artificial \"gravity\" reference. Here, we hypothesized that visual linear acceleration could also be interpreted as an orientation cue in microgravity. Using virtual reality, we subjected twelve astronauts experiencing long-duration exposure to microgravity to visually simulated accelerating linear self-motion along a virtual corridor at 0.8 m•s^- 2 (0.083 G) for 16s. They then adjusted a virtual ground plane to indicate whether they had changed their perceived orientation. Control experiments used visually simulated linear self-motion at a constant velocity and control experiments on Earth mirrored the experiments conducted in microgravity in both upright and supine postures. Contrary to our hypothesis, no significant perceptual tilts were induced on Earth or in microgravity. However, we did replicate earlier results that both microgravity exposure (in comparison to on Earth) and a supine posture (in comparison to a sitting upright posture) were associated with higher variability in judgements of upright. Our experiments failed to demonstrate that exposure to visual acceleration can evoke a sense of tilt in a stationary observer in the dark, either in microgravity or on Earth.N = 209.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glioblastoma induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction via a paracrine mechanism that increases claudin-1 expression.","authors":"Brittany Schweiger, Forrest M Kievit","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07018-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a well-known phenomenon in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the mechanism driving BBB dysfunction in previously established vasculature at the invasive edge of GBM is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine if GBM paracrine signaling is sufficient to induce BBB dysfunction and identify changes in the tight junctions of the BBB. An in vivo U-87 MG xenograft model and an in vitro primary brain endothelial cell BBB model were established for barrier dysfunction monitoring. Immunofluorescent staining revealed significantly higher claudin-1 expression and significantly lower claudin-5 expression in the tumor vs. normal brain tissue of our in vivo model (p < 0.01). Additionally, claudin-1 expression co-localized with brain cell type markers for endothelium, pericytes, and microglia. In vitro exposure of brain microvascular endothelial cells to GBM conditioned media resulted in a significant decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance as well as delocalization of claudin-5 from the tight junctions. These results suggest GBM cells secrete factors capable of inducing changes in the tight junction proteins of the BBB and decreasing barrier integrity. Future studies will aim to identify the mechanism in which these changes occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How language shapes emotional facial expression perception: an ERP study on the role of emotion word type.","authors":"Juan Zhang, Chenggang Wu, Yaxuan Meng","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07013-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07013-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While it is widely acknowledged that emotion-label words (such as fear and sadness) play a crucial role in emotion perception, there is a limited understanding of how words laden with emotional meaning (e.g., virus, recovery), which do not explicitly refer to emotional states, influence emotion perception. This study conducted two experiments to explore how emotion-label words (Experiment 1) and emotion-laden words (Experiment 2) impact the perception of emotional facial expressions within the masked priming paradigm. Participants were tasked with assessing the valence of emotional facial expressions, and both behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded. Behavioral results from Experiment 1 revealed that positive emotion-label words, as opposed to negative ones, elicited a priming effect. Emotional facial expressions led to a reduced Late Positivity Complex (LPC) when preceded by related emotion-label words compared to unrelated ones. However, Experiment 2 did not show any priming effects in behavioral and Event-Related Potential (ERP) measurements when emotion-laden words were used as primes. The combined results from both experiments underscore that only emotion-label words exert a priming effect on facial expression perception. This highlights the significance of specific emotion words, namely emotion-label words, such as fear and sadness, in shaping emotion perception. The influence of language on emotion perception appears to be restricted to words explicitly conveying emotion concepts, at least in the masked priming paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of frequency domain features for the classification of evoked emotions using EEG signals.","authors":"Samannaya Adhikari, Nitin Choudhury, Swastika Bhattacharya, Nabamita Deb, Daisy Das, Rajdeep Ghosh, Souvik Phadikar, Ebrahim Ghaderpour","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07002-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07002-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion is a natural instinctive state of mind that greatly influences human physiological activities and daily life decisions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals created from the central nervous system are very useful for emotion recognition and classification. In this study, EEG signals of individuals are analyzed by the variational mode decomposition (VMD) for frequency domain features to recognize visual stimuli-based evoked emotions (happy, sad, fear). After cleaning EEG signals from artifacts, VMD is employed to decompose the signal into its respective intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). A sliding windowing approach is adopted to calculate the power distributions in each of the predefined frequency bands. The results reveal that extracting frequency domain features using a sliding window of 3 s significantly enhances the efficiency of analyzing induced emotions in subjects. The random forest model shows promising results in classifying various emotions, achieving an accuracy of 99.57% for validation and 99.36% for testing. Moreover, it is observed that the fifth IMF has a strong relationship with emotion elicited from visual stimuli. In addition, the features of the trained model are analyzed by Shapley additive explanations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11828826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental enrichment attenuates sevoflurane anesthesia-induced learning deficits in aged mice through regulating TTBK1 and phosphorylated Tau expression.","authors":"Xuenan Chang, Xiaoli Zhuang, Jingyu Feng, Yonghao Yu, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07017-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a prevalent complication in elderly patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia. Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic, has been associated with cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity. In this study, we aim to explore the mechanisms through which sevoflurane impairs cognitive function in aged mice and hence identify potential therapeutic strategies. Female C57BL/6 J mice were treated with 2-h-daily Environmental enrichment (EE) for 4 weeks before being exposed to single 3% sevoflurane plus 60% oxygen inhalation for 2 h. WHI-P180, a TTBK1 inhibitor, was administered 5 min prior to anesthesia. Cognitive function, TTBK1, Tau p-Ser422, AT8 (Tau p-Ser202/p-Thr205), TNF-ɑ, IL-6, and IL-1β were measured. The results indicated that sevoflurane inhalation induced cognitive dysfunction, elevated TTBK1 expression and phosphorylated Tau levels, and increased inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of aged mice. However, EE treatment reduced elevated TTBK1, phosphorylated Tau, and inflammatory factor levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, EE alleviated cognitive impairment caused by sevoflurane in aged mice. Furthermore, WHI-P180 mitigated cognitive dysfunction by decreasing Tau phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus of aged mice. In conclusion, TTBK1 plays a crucial role in cognitive impairment induced by sevoflurane in aged mice, and EE mitigates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting TTBK1 and Tau protein phosphorylation in the hippocampus of old mice. These findings suggest that EE could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing or treating PND in elderly patients undergoing general surgery with sevoflurane anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saikosaponins alleviate depression-like behaviors of chronic unpredictable mild stress exposed mice through ERK signaling pathway.","authors":"Min Chen, Min Li, Liwei Ma, Huiling Hou, Meiling Tang, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s00221-025-07011-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00221-025-07011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depressive disorder is the most common mental disorder with limited treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant effects of saikosaponins (SS) and its mechanism. The depression-like behaviors of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CS)-exposed mice were evaluated by sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT). The proteome profiler mouse phospho-kinase array kit was used to reveal possible phosphorylated kinases and signaling nodes that SS treatment affected. TUNEL staining of brain tissues and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and caspase-3 were combined to evaluate cell apoptosis. The U0126 was applied to pharmacologically inhibit ERK signaling pathway to verify the regulatory role of SS treatment on depression-like behaviors and cell apoptosis was achieved through ERK pathway. SS ameliorated chronic unpredictable mild stress‑induced depressive‑like behaviors by prominently increasing the sucrose preference, total traveling distance, standing number, and grooming number, and decreasing immobility time. SS also inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by down-regulating caspase-3 protein and up-regulating BDNF protein levels. SS treatment specifically up-regulated the phosphorylation of ERK through the proteome profiler mouse phospho-kinase array analysis. Moreover, the ERK inhibitor, U0126, pharmacological inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK induced by SS treatment, and further weakened the treatments of SS on depression-like behaviors and cell apoptosis. SS alleviates depression-like behaviors and protects neuron by activating the ERK signaling pathway, indicating that SS may be a potential therapeutic drug for treatment of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12268,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Brain Research","volume":"243 3","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}