Experimental Neurobiology最新文献_第8页

Caenorhabditis elegans Connectomes of both Sexes as Image Classifiers. 秀丽隐杆线虫两性的连接体作为图像分类器。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en23004

Changjoo Park, Jinseop S Kim

{"title":"Caenorhabditis elegans Connectomes of both Sexes as Image Classifiers.","authors":"Changjoo Park, Jinseop S Kim","doi":"10.5607/en23004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en23004","url":null,"abstract":"Connectome, the complete wiring diagram of the nervous system of an organism, is the biological substrate of the mind. While biological neural networks are crucial to the understanding of neural computation mechanisms, recent artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been developed independently from the study of real neural networks. Computational scientists are searching for various ANN architectures to improve machine learning since the architectures are associated with the accuracy of ANNs. A recent study used the hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) connectome for image classification tasks, where the edge directions were changed to construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG). In this study, we used the whole-animal connectomes of C. elegans hermaphrodite and male to construct a DAG that preserves the chief information flow in the connectomes and trained them for image classification of MNIST and fashion-MNIST datasets. The connectome-inspired neural networks exhibited over 99.5% and 92.6% of accuracy for MNIST and fashion-MNIST datasets, respectively, which increased from the previous study. Together, we conclude that realistic biological neural networks provide the basis of a plausible ANN architecture. This study suggests that biological networks can provide new inspiration to improve artificial intelligences (AIs).","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 2","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/6a/en-32-2-102.PMC10175957.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

mGluR1 Regulates the Interspike Interval Threshold for Dendritic Ca²⁺ Transients in the Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. mGluR1调控小脑浦肯野细胞树突状Ca2+瞬变的峰间间隔阈值。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en22040

Dong Cheol Jang, Changhyeon Ryu, Geehoon Chung, Sun Kwang Kim, Sang Jeong Kim

{"title":"mGluR1 Regulates the Interspike Interval Threshold for Dendritic Ca2+ Transients in the Cerebellar Purkinje Cells.","authors":"Dong Cheol Jang, Changhyeon Ryu, Geehoon Chung, Sun Kwang Kim, Sang Jeong Kim","doi":"10.5607/en22040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22040","url":null,"abstract":"Ca2++ transients can be observed in the distal dendrites of Purkinje cells (PCs) despite their lack of action potential backpropagation. These Ca2++ events in distal dendrites require specific patterns of PC firing, such as complex spikes (CS) or simple spikes (SS) of burst mode. Unlike CS, which can act directly on voltage-gated calcium channels in the dendrites through climbing fiber inputs, the condition that can produce the Ca2++ events in distal dendrites with burst mode SS is poorly understood. Here, we propose the interspike interval threshold (ISIT) for Ca2++ transients in the distal dendrites of PC. We found that to induce the Ca2++ transients in distal dendrites the frequency of spike firing of PC should reach 250 Hz (3 ms ISI). Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) activation significantly relieved the ISIT and established cellular conditions in which spike firing with 50 Hz (19 ms ISI) could induce Ca2++ transients in the distal dendrites. In contrast, blocking T-type Ca2++ channels or depleting the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2++ store resulted in a stricter condition in which spike firing with 333 Hz (2 ms ISI) was required. Our findings demonstrate that the PC has strict ISIT for dendritic Ca2++ transients, and this ISIT can be relieved by mGluR1 activation. This strict restriction of ISIT could contribute to the reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio in terms of collecting information by preventing excessive dendritic Ca2++ transients through the spontaneous activity of PC.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 2","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/98/en-32-2-83.PMC10175955.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impaired Cholesterol Metabolism, Neurons, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. 受损的胆固醇代谢，神经元和神经精神疾病。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5607/en23010

So Yeong Cheon

{"title":"Impaired Cholesterol Metabolism, Neurons, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.","authors":"So Yeong Cheon","doi":"10.5607/en23010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en23010","url":null,"abstract":"Cholesterol metabolism plays an essential role in cellular functions (including as a component of the plasma membrane, as an energy source, and in hormone production) under normal conditions. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism causes a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, leading to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In addition, patients with neuropsychiatric disorders also have impaired cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, metabolic disturbances are closely associated with the neuropsychiatric disorders. Although immune disturbance, neuroinflammation, a dysregulated neurotransmitter system, and oxidative stress have been suggested as pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is also found in patients with psychiatric diseases. As expected, patients with mental illness appear to be at risk of metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, in which cholesterol influences altered neuronal homeostasis, such as neuronal cell toxicity, neuronal cell death, and neuronal structures and functions, including synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, axonogenesis, and action potential. Therefore, reversing impaired or abnormal cholesterol metabolism may help restore neuronal injury found in mental illness. This review is aimed to discuss the links between cholesterol metabolism impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders and provides insights into neuronal dysfunction due to abnormal cholesterol metabolism in neuropsychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 2","pages":"57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/3f/en-32-2-57.PMC10175956.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9837877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Negative Influence of the Hunger State on Rule-observance Behavior in Mice. 饥饿状态对小鼠规则遵守行为的负面影响。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en22036

Abdelrahman M Alkahwaji, Hee-Sup Shin, C Justin Lee

{"title":"Negative Influence of the Hunger State on Rule-observance Behavior in Mice.","authors":"Abdelrahman M Alkahwaji, Hee-Sup Shin, C Justin Lee","doi":"10.5607/en22036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22036","url":null,"abstract":"Developing social strategies to share limited resources equally and maximize the long-term benefits of conflict resolution is critical for appropriate social interactions. During social interactions, social decision-making depends not only on the external environment, but also on internal factors, such as hunger, thirst, or fatigue. In particular, hunger, which is related to food as a physical need, plays a dominant role in social decision-making. However, the consequences of food deprivation on social decision-making are not well understood. We have previously shown that mice with rule-observance behavior are capable of resolving conflict during social decision-making by observing a well-established social strategy based on reward zone allocation. Here, we developed a rule-observance behavior paradigm wherein the hunger state is achieved by applying food restrictions on mice prior to social behavior experiments. We found that the hunger state in mice deteriorated the established social strategy by decreasing reaction time, implying an increase in impulsivity. In contrast, the hunger state did not affect reward zone allocation, indicating no effect on spatial memory. This decrease in reaction time led to a significant increase in the percentage of violations during rule observance and a significant decrease in the amount of reward (payoff equity). Our study proposes that the hunger state exerts a detrimental effect on appropriate social decision-making by decreasing reaction time, increasing violation, and decreasing payoff equity in rule-observance behavior.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/59/en-32-1-31.PMC10017842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9483677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential Encoding of Trace and Delay Fear Memory in the Entorhinal Cortex. 内侧皮层对痕迹记忆和延迟恐惧记忆的差异编码

IF 1.8 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en22042

Mi-Seon Kong, Namsoo Kim, Kyeong Im Jo, Sung-Phil Kim, June-Seek Choi

{"title":"Differential Encoding of Trace and Delay Fear Memory in the Entorhinal Cortex.","authors":"Mi-Seon Kong, Namsoo Kim, Kyeong Im Jo, Sung-Phil Kim, June-Seek Choi","doi":"10.5607/en22042","DOIUrl":"10.5607/en22042","url":null,"abstract":"Trace fear conditioning is characterized by a stimulus-free trace interval (TI) between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US), which requires an array of brain structures to support the formation and storage of associative memory. The entorhinal cortex (EC) has been proposed to provide essential neural code for resolving temporal discontinuity in conjunction with the hippocampus. However, how the CS and TI are encoded at the neuronal level in the EC is not clear. In Exp. 1, we tested the effect of bilateral pre-training electrolytic lesions of EC on trace vs. delay fear conditioning using rats as subjects. We found that the lesions impaired the acquisition of trace but not delay fear conditioning confirming that EC is a critical brain area for trace fear memory formation. In Exp. 2, single-unit activities from EC were recorded during the pre-training baseline and post-training retention sessions following trace or delay conditioning. The recording results showed that a significant proportion of the EC neurons modulated their firing during TI after the trace conditioning, but not after the delay fear conditioning. Further analysis revealed that the majority of modulated units decreased the firing rate during the TI or the CS. Taken together, these results suggest that EC critically contributes to trace fear conditioning by modulating neuronal activity during the TI to facilitate the association between the CS and US across a temporal gap.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c3/a0/en-32-1-20.PMC10017844.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9483674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policy Analysis for Implementing Neuroethics in Korea's Brain Research Promotion Act. 韩国《脑研究促进法》中实施神经伦理学的政策分析。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en22037

Tae-Woo Kang, Tai-Won Oh, Sung-Jin Jeong

引用次数: 0

An XYZ-axis Matrix Approach for the Integration of Neuroscience and Neuroethics. 神经科学与神经伦理学整合的xyz轴矩阵方法。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en22032

Anita S Jwa, Jiwon Shim, Sinu Choi, Juhee Eom, Soojin Kim, Young-Joon Ryu

{"title":"An XYZ-axis Matrix Approach for the Integration of Neuroscience and Neuroethics.","authors":"Anita S Jwa, Jiwon Shim, Sinu Choi, Juhee Eom, Soojin Kim, Young-Joon Ryu","doi":"10.5607/en22032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22032","url":null,"abstract":"The recent, unprecedented advancement in neuroscience has led to new discoveries about the human brain and its function. Yet at the same time, it has spurred novel ethical and regulatory issues, and the field of neuroethics has emerged as an interdisciplinary endeavor to address these issues. Across the globe, extensive efforts have been underway to achieve the integration of neuroscience and Neuroethics, with active engagement not only from academia but also from the government, the public, and industry. However, in some countries, integrating neuroscience and neuroethics has proved to be a particularly challenging task. For example, in South Korea, the government has primarily driven the integration effort, and only a small group of researchers is properly trained for conducting an interdisciplinary evaluation of ethical, legal, social, and cultural implications (ELSCI) of neurotechnology. On the basis of the last few years of experience pursuing a government-funded neuroethics project in South Korea, we developed a new operational framework to provide practical guidance on ELSCI research. This framework consists of the X, Y, and Z axes; the X-axis represents a target neurotechnology, the Y-axis represents different developmental stages of the technology, and the Z-axis represents ELSCI issues that may arise from the development and use of the neurotechnology. Here we also present a step-by-step workflow to apply this matrix framework, from organizing a panel for a target neurotechnology to facilitating stakeholder discussion through public hearings. This framework will enable meaningful integration of neuroscience and neuroethics to promote responsible innovation in neuroscience and neurotechnology.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"8-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/dc/en-32-1-8.PMC10017846.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9483676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reelin and APP Cooperatively Modulate Dendritic Spine Formation In Vitro and In Vivo. Reelin和APP协同调节体内和体外树突棘的形成。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5607/en22044

Hyun-Ju Lee, Jin-Hee Park, Justin H Trotter, James N Maher, Kathleen E Keenoy, You Mi Jang, Youngeun Lee, Jae-Ick Kim, Edwin J Weeber, Hyang-Sook Hoe

{"title":"Reelin and APP Cooperatively Modulate Dendritic Spine Formation In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Hyun-Ju Lee, Jin-Hee Park, Justin H Trotter, James N Maher, Kathleen E Keenoy, You Mi Jang, Youngeun Lee, Jae-Ick Kim, Edwin J Weeber, Hyang-Sook Hoe","doi":"10.5607/en22044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22044","url":null,"abstract":"Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the normal function of APP at synapses is poorly understood. We and others have found that APP interacts with Reelin and that each protein is individually important for dendritic spine formation, which is associated with learning and memory, in vitro. However, whether Reelin acts through APP to modulate dendritic spine formation or synaptic function remains unknown. In the present study, we found that Reelin treatment significantly increased dendritic spine density and PSD-95 puncta number in primary hippocampal neurons. An examination of the molecular mechanisms by which Reelin regulates dendritic spinogenesis revealed that Reelin enhanced hippocampal dendritic spine formation in a Ras/ERK/CREB signaling-dependent manner. Interestingly, Reelin did not increase dendritic spine number in primary hippocampal neurons when APP expression was reduced or in vivo in APP knockout (KO) mice. Taken together, our data are the first to demonstrate that Reelin acts cooperatively with APP to modulate dendritic spine formation and suggest that normal APP function is critical for Reelin-mediated dendritic spinogenesis at synapses.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/da/en-32-1-42.PMC10017845.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9483679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dopamine Receptor Supports the Potentiation of Intrinsic Excitability and Synaptic LTD in Temporoammonic-CA1 Synapse. 多巴胺受体支持颞氨- ca1突触内在兴奋性和突触限制的增强。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22028

Hye-Hyun Kim, Suk-Ho Lee, Won-Kyung Ho, Kisang Eom

引用次数: 1

Enhancing the Effect of Placental Extract on the Regeneration of Crush Injured Facial Nerve. 胎盘提取物对面神经挤压损伤再生的促进作用。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22006

Gyeong Min Lim, Gwang-Won Cho, Chitra Devi Ganesan, Ji Hyun Choi, Mary Jasmin Ang, Changjong Moon, Chul Ho Jang

{"title":"Enhancing the Effect of Placental Extract on the Regeneration of Crush Injured Facial Nerve.","authors":"Gyeong Min Lim, Gwang-Won Cho, Chitra Devi Ganesan, Ji Hyun Choi, Mary Jasmin Ang, Changjong Moon, Chul Ho Jang","doi":"10.5607/en22006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22006","url":null,"abstract":"There is a scarcity of experimental studies on peripheral nerve regeneration using placental extract (PE). This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical PE application on recovery after crush injury to the rat facial nerve using functional, electrophysiological, and morphological evaluations. The viability of the RSC96 Schwann cells treated with PE (0.5~4 mg/ml) increased significantly. Immunoblot test revealed that PE application enhanced the migration of RSC96 cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PE increased the expression of neurotropic genes. The recovery from vibrissa fibrillation in the PE-treated group was superior to that in the control group. The threshold of action potential was also significantly lower in the PE group. Histopathological examination showed that crushed facial nerves treated with PE exhibited larger axons. The surrounding myelin sheaths were more distinct and thicker in the PE-treated group. Hence, PE may be considered a topical therapeutic agent for treating traumatic facial nerve paralysis.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 6","pages":"419-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/a2/en-31-6-419.PMC9841744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9171639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0