Experimental Neurobiology最新文献_第10页

Glutamate Permeability of Chicken Best1. 鸡对谷氨酸的渗透性研究

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22038

Jung Moo Lee, Changdev Gorakshnath Gadhe, Hyunji Kang, Ae Nim Pae, C Justin Lee

{"title":"Glutamate Permeability of Chicken Best1.","authors":"Jung Moo Lee, Changdev Gorakshnath Gadhe, Hyunji Kang, Ae Nim Pae, C Justin Lee","doi":"10.5607/en22038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22038","url":null,"abstract":"Bestrophin-1 (Best1) is a calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride (Cl-) channel which has a phylogenetically conserved channel structure with an aperture and neck in the ion-conducting pathway. Mammalian mouse Best1 (mBest1) has been known to have a permeability for large organic anions including gluconate, glutamate, and D-serine, in addition to several small monovalent anions, such as Cl‑, bromine (Br-), iodine (I-), and thiocyanate (SCN-). However, it is still unclear whether non-mammalian Best1 has a glutamate permeability through the ion-conducting pathway. Here, we report that chicken Best1 (cBest1) is permeable to glutamate in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed a glutamate binding at the aperture and neck of cBest1 and a glutamate permeation through the ion-conducting pore, respectively. Moreover, through electrophysiological recordings, we calculated the permeability ratio of glutamate to Cl- (PGlutamate/PCl) as 0.28 based on the reversal potential shift by ion substitution from Cl- to glutamate in the internal solution. Finally, we directly detected the Ca2+-dependent glutamate release through cBest1 using the ultrasensitive two-cell sniffer patch technique. Our results propose that Best1 homologs from non-mammalian (cBest1) to mammalian (mBest1) have a conserved permeability for glutamate.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 5","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/a1/en-31-5-277.PMC9659495.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40674439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Synaptic Remodeling of the Auditory Cortex Following Bilateral Blindness: Evidence of Cross-modal Plasticity. 双侧失明后听觉皮层突触重构:交叉模态可塑性的证据。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22020

Jae Joon Han, Tae-Soo Noh, Myung-Whan Suh, Seung Ha Kim, Doo Hee Kim, Sang Jeong Kim, Seung Ha Oh

{"title":"Synaptic Remodeling of the Auditory Cortex Following Bilateral Blindness: Evidence of Cross-modal Plasticity.","authors":"Jae Joon Han, Tae-Soo Noh, Myung-Whan Suh, Seung Ha Kim, Doo Hee Kim, Sang Jeong Kim, Seung Ha Oh","doi":"10.5607/en22020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22020","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to evaluate structural dynamic changes of neurons in the auditory cortex after visual deprivation. We longitudinally tracked dendritic spines for 3 weeks after visual deprivation in vivo using a two-photon microscope. GFP-labeled dendritic spines in the auditory cortex were serially followed after bilateral enucleation. The turnover rate, density, and size of the spines in the dendrites were evaluated 1, 2, and 3 weeks after visual deprivation. The turnover rate of the dendritic spines in the auditory cortex increased at 1 week (20.1±7.3%) after bilateral enucleation compared to baseline (12.5±7.9%); the increase persisted for up to 3 weeks (20.9±11.0%). The spine loss rate was slightly higher than the spine gain rate. The average spine density (number of spines per 1 μm of dendrite) was significantly lower at 2 weeks (2W; 0.22±0.06 1/μm) and 3 W (0.22±0.08 1/μm) post-nucleation compared to baseline (0.026±0.09 1/μm). We evaluated the change of synaptic strength in the stable spines at each time point. The normalized spine size in the auditory cortex was significantly increased after bilateral blindness at 1 W postoperatively (1.36±0.92), 2 W postoperatively (1.40±1.18), and 3 W postoperatively (1.36±0.88) compared to baseline. Sensory deprivation resulted in remodeling of the neural circuitry in the spared cortex, via cross-modal plasticity in the direction of partial breakdown of synapses, and enhanced strength of the remaining synapses.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 5","pages":"299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d8/24/en-31-5-299.PMC9659489.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40674441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Three Musketeers in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Subregion-specific Structural and Functional Plasticity Underlying Fear Memory Stages. 内侧前额叶皮层的三个火枪手:恐惧记忆阶段的亚区域特异性结构和功能可塑性。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22012

Yongmin Sung, Bong-Kiun Kaang

{"title":"The Three Musketeers in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Subregion-specific Structural and Functional Plasticity Underlying Fear Memory Stages.","authors":"Yongmin Sung, Bong-Kiun Kaang","doi":"10.5607/en22012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22012","url":null,"abstract":"Fear memory recruits various brain regions with long-lasting brain-wide subcellular events. The medial prefrontal cortex processes the emotional and cognitive functions required for adequately handling fear memory. Several studies have indicated that subdivisions within the medial prefrontal cortex, namely the prelimbic, infralimbic, and anterior cingulate cortices, may play different roles across fear memory states. Through a dedicated cytoarchitecture and connectivity, the three different regions of the medial prefrontal cortex play a specific role in maintaining and extinguishing fear memory. Furthermore, synaptic plasticity and maturation of neural circuits within the medial prefrontal cortex suggest that remote memories undergo structural and functional reorganization. Finally, recent technical advances have enabled genetic access to transiently activated neuronal ensembles within these regions, suggesting that memory trace cells in these regions may preferentially contribute to processing specific fear memory. We reviewed recently published reports and summarize the molecular, synaptic and cellular events occurring within the medial prefrontal cortex during various memory stages.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 4","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c3/38/en-31-4-221.PMC9471411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Anti-stress Effect of Octopus Cephalotocin in Rats. 章鱼催产素对大鼠的抗应激作用。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22010

Ye-Ji Kim, Seonmi Jo, Seung-Hyun Jung, Dong Ho Woo

{"title":"Anti-stress Effect of Octopus Cephalotocin in Rats.","authors":"Ye-Ji Kim, Seonmi Jo, Seung-Hyun Jung, Dong Ho Woo","doi":"10.5607/en22010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22010","url":null,"abstract":"Cephalotocin is a bioactivity-regulating peptide expressed in octopus (Octopus vulgaris). The peptide sequence of cephalotocin is very similar to the peptide sequence of mammalian vasopressin, and cephalotocin has been proposed to mainly activate arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) in the brain. However, the effects of cephalotocin on mammalian behavior have not been studied. In the current study, cephalotocin significantly reduced both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from not only cultured neuronal cells from postnatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats but also hippocampal slices from 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection did not affect the open field behaviors of C57BL/6 mice. Cephalotocin was directly infused into the hippocampus because the normalized Avpr1b staining intensity divided by the DAPI staining intensity indicated that Avpr1b expression tended to be high in the hippocampus. A hippocampal infusion of 1 mg/kg cephalotocin via an implanted cannula exerted an anti-stress effect, significantly reducing the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST). The present results provide evidence that the effects of cephalotocin on the activity of hippocampal neurons are related to ameliorating stress, suggesting that cephalotocin may be developed as an anti-stress biomodulator that functions by affecting the brain.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 4","pages":"260-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/03/en-31-4-260.PMC9471412.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on Peripheral Tinnitus, Causes, and Treatments from the Perspective of Autophagy. 从自噬的角度综述外周性耳鸣、病因及治疗。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22002

Karthikeyan A Vijayakumar, Gwang-Won Cho, Nagarajan Maharajan, Chul Ho Jang

{"title":"A Review on Peripheral Tinnitus, Causes, and Treatments from the Perspective of Autophagy.","authors":"Karthikeyan A Vijayakumar, Gwang-Won Cho, Nagarajan Maharajan, Chul Ho Jang","doi":"10.5607/en22002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22002","url":null,"abstract":"Tinnitus is the perception of phantom noise without any external auditory sources. The degeneration of the function or activity of the peripheral or central auditory nervous systems is one of the causes of tinnitus. This damage has numerous causes, such as loud noise, aging, and ototoxicity. All these sources excite the cells of the auditory pathway, producing reactive oxygen species that leads to the death of sensory neural hair cells. This causes involuntary movement of the tectorial membrane, resulting in the buzzing noise characteristic of tinnitus. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic scavenging activity inside a cell that has evolved as a cell survival mechanism. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of autophagy against oxidative stress, which is one of the reasons for cell excitation. This review compiles several studies that highlight the role of autophagy in protecting sensory neural hair cells against oxidative stress-induced damage. This could facilitate the development of strategies to treat tinnitus by activating autophagy.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 4","pages":"232-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/6b/en-31-4-232.PMC9471415.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Blood-brain Barrier Damage is Pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 Infection to the Central Nervous System. 血脑屏障损伤是SARS-CoV-2感染中枢神经系统的关键。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en21049

Jahir Rodríguez-Morales, Sebastián Guartazaca-Guerrero, Salma A Rizo-Téllez, Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria, Eira Valeria Barrón, Aldo F Hernández-Valencia, Porfirio Nava, Galileo Escobedo, José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz, Lucía A Méndez-García

{"title":"Blood-brain Barrier Damage is Pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 Infection to the Central Nervous System.","authors":"Jahir Rodríguez-Morales, Sebastián Guartazaca-Guerrero, Salma A Rizo-Téllez, Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria, Eira Valeria Barrón, Aldo F Hernández-Valencia, Porfirio Nava, Galileo Escobedo, José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz, Lucía A Méndez-García","doi":"10.5607/en21049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en21049","url":null,"abstract":"Transsynaptic transport is the most accepted proposal to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the CNS. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that neurons do not express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, which highlights the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in preventing virus entry to the brain. In this study, we examine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and the cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from two patients with a brain tumor and COVID-19. To determine the BBB damage, we evaluate the Q- albumin index, which is an indirect parameter to assess the permeability of this structure. The Q-albumin index of the patient with an intraventricular brain tumor suggests that the BBB is undamaged, preventing the passage of SARS-CoV-2 and pro-inflammatory molecules. The development of brain tumors that disrupt the BBB (measured by the Q-albumin index), in this case, a petroclival meningioma (Case 1), allows the free passage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and probably lets the free transit of pro-inflammatory molecules to the CNS, which leads to a possible activation of the microglia (astrogliosis) and an exacerbated immune response represented by IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-2 trying to inhibit both the infection and the carcinogenic process.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 4","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/78/en-31-4-270.PMC9471413.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Low-voltage Activating K⁺ Channels in Cochlear Afferent Nerve Fiber Dendrites. 低电压激活耳蜗传入神经纤维树突中的K+通道。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.5607/en22013

Kushal Sharma, Kwon Woo Kang, Young-Woo Seo, Elisabeth Glowatzki, Eunyoung Yi

{"title":"Low-voltage Activating K+ Channels in Cochlear Afferent Nerve Fiber Dendrites.","authors":"Kushal Sharma, Kwon Woo Kang, Young-Woo Seo, Elisabeth Glowatzki, Eunyoung Yi","doi":"10.5607/en22013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22013","url":null,"abstract":"Cochlear afferent nerve fibers (ANF) are the first neurons in the ascending auditory pathway. We investigated the low-voltage activating K+ channels expressed in ANF dendrites using isolated rat cochlear segments. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made from the dendritic terminals of ANFs. Outward currents activating at membrane potentials as low as -64 mV were observed in all dendrites studied. These currents were inhibited by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a blocker known to preferentially inhibit low-voltage activating K+ currents (IKL) in CNS auditory neurons and spiral ganglion neurons. When the dendritic IKL was blocked by 4-AP, the EPSP decay time was significantly prolonged, suggesting that dendritic IKL speeds up the decay of EPSPs and likely modulates action potentials of ANFs. To reveal molecular subtype of dendritic IKL, α-dendrotoxin (α-DTX), a selective inhibitor for Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 containing channels, was tested. α-DTX inhibited 23±9% of dendritic IKL. To identify the α-DTXsensitive and α-DTX-insensitive components of IKL, immunofluorescence labeling was performed. Strong Kv1.1- and Kv1.2-immunoreactivity was found at unmyelinated dendritic segments, nodes of Ranvier, and cell bodies of most ANFs. A small fraction of ANF dendrites showed Kv7.2- immunoreactivity. These data suggest that dendritic IKL is conducted through Kv1.1and Kv1.2 channels, with a minor contribution from Kv7.2 and other as yet unidentified channels.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":"31 4","pages":"243-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/d4/en-31-4-243.PMC9471414.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Simultaneous Cellular Imaging, Electrical Recording and Stimulation of Hippocampal Activity in Freely Behaving Mice. 自由行为小鼠海马活动的同步细胞成像、电记录和刺激。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.5607/en22011

Chae Young Kim, Sang Jeong Kim, Fabian Kloosterman

{"title":"Simultaneous Cellular Imaging, Electrical Recording and Stimulation of Hippocampal Activity in Freely Behaving Mice.","authors":"Chae Young Kim, Sang Jeong Kim, Fabian Kloosterman","doi":"10.5607/en22011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22011","url":null,"abstract":"Hippocampal sharp-wave ripple activity (SWRs) and the associated replay of neural activity patterns are well-known for their role in memory consolidation. This activity has been studied using electrophysiological approaches, as high temporal resolution is required to recognize SWRs in the neuronal signals. However, it has been difficult to analyze the individual contribution of neurons to task-specific SWRs, because it is hard to track neurons across a long time with electrophysiological recording. In this study, we recorded local field potential (LFP) signals in the hippocampal CA1 of freely behaving mice and simultaneously imaged calcium signals in contralateral CA1 to leverage the advantages of both electrophysiological and imaging approaches. We manufactured a custom-designed microdrive array and targeted tetrodes to the left hippocampus CA1 for LFP recording and applied electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) for closed-loop disruption of SWRs. Neuronal population imaging in the right hippocampal CA1 was performed using a miniature fluorescent microscope (Miniscope) and a genetically encoded calcium indicator. As SWRs show highly synchronized bilateral occurrence, calcium signals of SWR-participating neurons could be identified and tracked in spontaneous or SWR-disrupted conditions. Using this approach, we identified a subpopulation of CA1 neurons showing synchronous calcium elevation to SWRs. Our results showed that SWR-related calcium transients are more disrupted by electrical stimulation than non-SWRrelated calcium transients, validating the capability of the system to detect and disrupt SWRs. Our dual recording method can be used to uncover the dynamic participation of individual neurons in SWRs and replay over extended time windows.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":"208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/ea/en-31-3-208.PMC9272116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40470371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques. 啮齿类动物体内光学神经成像的颅、脊窗制备及相关实验技术。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.5607/en22015

Chanmi Yeon, Jeong Myo Im, Minsung Kim, Young Ro Kim, Euiheon Chung

{"title":"Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques.","authors":"Chanmi Yeon, Jeong Myo Im, Minsung Kim, Young Ro Kim, Euiheon Chung","doi":"10.5607/en22015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22015","url":null,"abstract":"Optical neuroimaging provides an effective neuroscience tool for multi-scale investigation of the neural structures and functions, ranging from molecular, cellular activities to the inter-regional connectivity assessment. Amongst experimental preparations, the implementation of an artificial window to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily required for optical visualization of the CNS and associated brain activities through the opaque skin and bone. Either thinning down or removing portions of the skull or spine is necessary for unobstructed long-term in vivo observations, for which types of the cranial and spinal window and applied materials vary depending on the study objectives. As diversely useful, a window can be designed to accommodate other experimental methods such as electrophysiology or optogenetics. Moreover, auxiliary apparatuses would allow the recording in synchrony with behavior of large-scale brain connectivity signals across the CNS, such as olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Such advancements in the cranial and spinal window have resulted in a paradigm shift in neuroscience, enabling in vivo investigation of the brain function and dysfunction at the microscopic, cellular level. This Review addresses the types and classifications of windows used in optical neuroimaging while describing how to perform in vivo studies using rodent models in combination with other experimental modalities during behavioral tests. The cranial and spinal window has enabled longitudinal examination of evolving neural mechanisms via in situ visualization of the brain. We expect transformable and multi-functional cranial and spinal windows to become commonplace in neuroscience laboratories, further facilitating advances in optical neuroimaging systems.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":"131-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/a0/en-31-3-131.PMC9272117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40469900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Change in Circadian Rhythms in P301S Transgenic Mice is Linked to Variability in Hsp70-related Tau Disaggregation. P301S转基因小鼠的昼夜节律变化与hsp70相关的Tau分解变异性有关。

IF 2.4 4区医学

Experimental Neurobiology Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.5607/en22019

Song Mi Han, Yu Jung Jang, Eun Young Kim, Sun Ah Park

{"title":"The Change in Circadian Rhythms in P301S Transgenic Mice is Linked to Variability in Hsp70-related Tau Disaggregation.","authors":"Song Mi Han, Yu Jung Jang, Eun Young Kim, Sun Ah Park","doi":"10.5607/en22019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5607/en22019","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian disruption often involves a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia, which are characterized by intraneuronal tau accumulations. The altered sleep pattern and diurnal rhythms in these disorders are the results of tau pathology. The circadian disturbance in reverse is thought to develop and potentially aggravate the condition. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, perturbed oscillations in BMAL1 , the core clock gene, were observed in P301S tau transgenic mice. Tau fractionation analysis of the hippocampus revealed profound fluctuations in soluble and insoluble tau protein levels that were in opposite directions to each other according to zeitgeber time. Interestingly, a diurnal oscillation was detected in the heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (Hsp70) chaperone that was in-phase with soluble tau but out-of-phase with insoluble tau. Tau protein levels decreased in the soluble and insoluble fractions when Hsp70 was overexpressed in HEK293T cells. Transfection of the BMAL1 carrying vector was continual with the increase in Hsp70 expression and diminished tau protein levels, and it was effectively attenuated by the knockdown of Hsp70, suggesting that Bmal1 could modulate tau protein by Hsp70. Our results suggest that altered circadian oscillations affect tau status and solubility by modulating Hsp70 expression in an experimental model of tau pathology. These findings suggest Hsp70 as a possible pathogenic link between circadian disruption and aggravations of tau pathology.","PeriodicalId":12263,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Neurobiology","volume":" ","pages":"196-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/11/8c/en-31-3-196.PMC9272121.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40470370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2